Amherst, Nova Scotia

History

According to Dr. Graham P. Hennessey, "The Micmac name was Nemcheboogwek meaning 'going up rising ground', in reference to the higher land to the east of the Tantramar Marshes. The Acadians who settled here as early as 1672 called the village Les Planches. The village was later renamed Amherst by Colonel Joseph Morse in honour of Lord Amherst, the commander-in-chief of the British Army in North America during the Seven Years' War."

The town was first settled in 1764 by immigrants from Yorkshire following the expulsion of the Acadians, with the original settlement being located 3 km southwest of the present town on the shore of the Bay of Fundy. These settlers were joined by United Empire Loyalists (Loyalists who fled the American colonies during the American Revolution). A mill was built on the current townsite, and the residents moved there to be closer to work.

During the 19th century, Amherst became an important regional centre for shipbuilding and other services to outlying communities. An indication of the town's importance in Canadian history is seen with its four Fathers of Confederation: Edward B. Chandler, Robert B. Dickey, Jonathan McCully, and Sir Charles Tupper.

During the late 19th century, local industrialists and entrepreneurs constructed many fine Victorian and Edwardian homes along Victoria Street East, leading toward the farming hamlet of East Amherst. Many notable residents have lived in this district, including Sir Charles Tupper and Senator Thomas R. Black.

Amherst gained brief notoriety in the late 19th century as the location of alleged poltergeist phenomena afflicting Amherst resident Esther Cox in 1878 and 1879, which became known as the Great Amherst Mystery after the publication of a popular book on the affair.

Amherst experienced unprecedented industrialization in the late 1870s after the Intercolonial Railway of Canada constructed its main line from Halifax to Quebec through the town in 1872. The location of the railway line away from the Bay of Fundy coast further consolidated the town at its present location as industry and commercial activity centred around this important transportation link. The economic boom created by the arrival of the Intercolonial Railway lasted through World War I and numerous foundries, factories and mills opened, giving rise to the nickname "Busy Amherst".

In 1908, the manufacturing output of Amherst's industries was not exceeded by any centre in the Maritime Provinces. Many of the fine old buildings along Victoria Street are considered industrial artifacts because they were constructed during a period of tremendous industry growth. Local contractors employed local craftsmen, who used local materials. Notice the emphasis on sandstone and brick, both locally produced and delightful detail which reflects the skilled craftsmanship prevalent in the 19th century.

Amherst's prosperity would not last as the failed economic policies of the federal and provincial governments, coupled with World War I, saw the town's industrial economy begin a slow decline during the 1910s. The Amherst Internment Camp for prisoners of war and enemy aliens was set up at Malleable Iron Foundry in Amherst from April 1915 to September 1919, and Russian revolutionary Leon Trotsky was incarcerated there for one month after he was arrested in Halifax, Nova Scotia in April 1917.

During the Amherst general strike in 1919, worker unrest over social and economic conditions led to mass protests in sympathy with the Winnipeg general strike.

The eventual closure of companies such as Robb Engineering & Manufacturing (purchased by Canada Car and Foundry and then closed) and Amherst Pianos, among others led to a resignation of lost dreams as the town was overtaken by other newer manufacturing centres in central Canada during the 20th century. Amherst had a modest-sized industrial park constructed during the 1960s when the Trans-Canada Highway was being developed. Today the majority of the town's major employers are located there, including Emmerson Packaging and IMP Aerospace.

During the Second World War, the Royal Canadian Navy named a .

In 2002, the Cumberland Regional Health Care Centre opened on the outskirts of the town, replacing the older Highland View Regional Hospital on Pleasant Street.

The town is currently served by Via Rail's Halifax-to-Montreal train Ocean.

Sports

Basketball was introduced to Nova Scotia at the YMCA in Amherst in 1894, by J. Howard Crocker who learned the game as a student of James Naismith, the inventor of basketball.

Amherst is home of the Amherst Ramblers, a Junior A Hockey League team from the Maritime Hockey League. All home games are played out of the 2,500 seat Amherst Stadium. The season usually runs from mid-September to early March every year. The Ramblers draw some of the largest crowds in the Maritime Hockey League, and have placed third in average attendance over the past few years. They won the Atlantic Championship in 1989 advancing to the Centennial Cup tournament in BC. They also hosted the Centennial Cup in 1993 and the Fred Page Cup in 2019.

Every August, Amherst hosts an eight-team little league baseball tournament, featuring four teams from New England.

Climate

Amherst experiences a humid continental climate (Dfb). The highest temperature ever recorded was 34.4 C on 18 August 1935. The coldest temperature ever recorded was -37.2 C on 18 February 1922. In 2020, Amherst (Nappan) only recorded 800.4 mm of precipitation.

|Jan record high C = 18.0 |Feb record high C = 16.2 |Mar record high C = 24.2 |Apr record high C = 26.1 |May record high C = 30.0 |Jun record high C = 31.7 |Jul record high C = 32.7 |Aug record high C = 34.4 |Sep record high C = 32.2 |Oct record high C = 27.0 |Nov record high C = 23.5 |Dec record high C = 18.5 |year record high C = 34.4 |Jan record low C = -36.7 |Feb record low C = -37.2 |Mar record low C = -29.5 |Apr record low C = -21.1 |May record low C = -6.7 |Jun record low C = -3.3 |Jul record low C = -1.1 |Aug record low C = 0.0 |Sep record low C = -4.5 |Oct record low C = -12.2 |Nov record low C = -18.9 |Dec record low C = -34.0 |year record low C = -37.2 | access-date = March 24, 2015}}{{cite web | access-date = 1 April 2024}}

Demographics

|1871|1839 |1881|2274 |1891|3781 |1901|4964 |1911|8973 |1921|9998 |1931|7450 |1941|8620 |1951|9870 |1956|10301 |1961|10788 |1971|9966 |1981|9684 |1986|9671 |1991|9742 |1996|9669 |2001|9470 |2006|9505 |2011|9717 |2016|9413 |2021|9404

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Amherst had a population of living in of its total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of . With a land area of 12.07 km2, it had a population density of in 2021.

In the period between 1996 and 2006, Amherst lost over half of its Black population. The African Nova Scotian community has lived in the area since 1783, largely settled around the south end of the town in an area called Sand Hill.

Notable residents

Main article: People from Amherst, Nova Scotia

Media

Television

Amherst is served locally by EastLink TV. The station also serves the communities of Springhill, Oxford, and others in the county, as well as Sackville, New Brunswick.

Radio

• 90.1 FM CFNS
• 99.1 FM CITA
• 101.7 FM CKDH
• 107.9 FM CFTA (Tantramar FM)

Newspapers

• Amherst News (weekly)

Arms

The Town of Amherst |accessdate=28 May 2024 |publisher=Canadian Heraldic Authority}}}}

References

Notes

References

1. {{Cite cgndb. CAAOO. Amherst. (23 May 2024)
2. (February 9, 2022). "Census Profile, 2021 Census Amherst Town [Census subdivision], Nova Scotia; Amherst [Population centre], Nova Scotia". [[Statistics Canada]].
3. {{Cite cgndb
4. The Canadian Press. (2017). "The Canadian Press Stylebook". [[The Canadian Press]].
5. Hubbell, Walter. (1882). "The Haunted House: A True Ghost Story". Brentano.
6. "Internment Camps in Canada during the First and Second World Wars, Library and Archives Canada".
7. "My Life. Chapter 23 In a concentration camp (Archived copy)".
8. Daly, Brian I.. (2013). "Canada's Other Game: Basketball from Naismith to Nash". [[Dundurn Press]].
9. Keyes, Mary Eleanor. (October 1964). "John Howard Crocker LL. D., 1870–1959". [[University of Western Ontario]].
10. [https://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html?StationID=42083&timeframe=2&StartYear=1840&EndYear=2021&Day=1&Year=2020&Month=12 Daily Data Report for December 2020]
11. [https://www66.statcan.gc.ca/eng/acyb_c1942-eng.aspx?opt=/eng/1942/194201570095_p.%2095.pdf], Censuses 1871-1941
12. [https://www66.statcan.gc.ca/eng/acyb_c1955-eng.aspx?opt=/eng/1955/195501710145_p.%20145.pdf], Censuses 1941-1951
13. link. (2016-04-23 , Canada Year Book 1932)
14. link. (2016-01-14 , Canada Year Book 1955)
15. link. (2016-03-04 , Canada Year Book 1957–58)
16. [https://www66.statcan.gc.ca/eng/acyb_c1967-eng.aspx?opt=/eng/1967/196702210189_p.%20189.pdf], Canada Year Book 1967
17. [http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census96/data/profiles/Rp-eng.cfm?TABID=1&LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=35782&PRID=0&PTYPE=3&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=1996&THEME=34&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=], 1996 Census of Canada: Electronic Area Profiles
18. link. (2016-03-04 , Community Profiles from the 2006 Census, Statistics Canada)
19. link. (2016-08-19 , Census Profile - Census Subdivision)
20. (February 9, 2022). "Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, census divisions and census subdivisions (municipalities), Nova Scotia". [[Statistics Canada]].
21. [http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/hlt/97-562/pages/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo=CSD&Code=1211011&Table=2&Data=Count&StartRec=1&Sort=3&Display=All&CSDFilter=5000], Ethnocultural Portrait from the 2006 Census, Statistics Canada
22. "1996 Census". Census of Canada.
23. (13 March 2007). "2006 Census". Census of Canada.
24. "Sand Hill - An Early Black Settlement".