American Buffalo (coin)

Design

The design of the American Buffalo gold bullion coin is a modified version of James Earle Fraser's design for the Indian Head nickel (Type 1), issued in early 1913. After a raised mound of dirt below the animal on the reverse was reduced, the Type 2 variation continued to be minted for the rest of 1913 and every year until 1938, except for 1922, 1932, and 1933 when no nickels were struck. Generally, Fraser's Indian Head nickel design is regarded as among the best designs of any U.S. coins. The same design also was used on the 2001 Smithsonian commemorative coin.

The obverse (front) of the coin depicts a Native American, whom Fraser said he created as a mixture of the features of three chiefs from different American Indian tribes, Big Tree, Iron Tail, and Two Moons, who posed as models for him to sketch. The obverse also shows the motto "LIBERTY" on the top right, the year of mintage on the bottom left, and below that the letter F for Fraser.

The American Buffalo gold bullion coin further has in common with the nickel the motto E PLURIBUS UNUM above the buffalo's lower back and the device UNITED·STATES·OF·AMERICA along the top. Differences that can be noted between the nickel and the fifty dollar piece are, on the gold American Buffalo coin the mound area of the reverse of the Indian Head nickel bearing the words, FIVE CENTS, has been changed to read $50 1 OZ. .9999 FINE GOLD. Also, the motto, IN GOD WE TRUST, appearing on all U.S. gold coins since 1908, can be seen on the reverse of the newer coin to the left of, and beneath, the buffalo's head.

Fractional sizes

The U.S. Mint indicated an expansion of the program, to include buffalo gold coins in fractional sizes for 2008 only. The specially-packaged 8–8-08 Double Prosperity set contained a one-half ounce gold buffalo coin. Weights and measures provided below:

Distribution

All U.S. bullion coins, including the American Buffalo gold piece, are being struck at the West Point Mint in New York. According to the U.S. Mint website, only the proof version of the buffalo gold coin bears the mint mark "W" on the obverse (front) of the coin, behind the neck of the Indian; the bullion version does not have the "W" mint mark. The 2006 and 2007 coins only have been issued in a one-ounce version, but in 2008, $5, $10, and $25 face value coins were minted with 1/10 oz, 1/4 oz, and 1/2 oz of gold respectively.

After a long wait by both collectors and investors, the uncirculated version of the American Buffalo gold piece was made available to coin dealers on June 20, 2006. Collectors who wanted to purchase the proof version from the mint were given the opportunity to place their orders with the mint beginning on July 22. The 2006 proof quality coin has a strict mintage limit of 300,000, with an additional enforced limit of only ten (10) coins per household. The catalog number of the 2006 proof coin at the U.S. Mint is (BA6).

The coin was created in order to compete with foreign 24-karat gold bullion coins. Since investors often prefer 99.99% pure gold over the 91.67% gold used in the American Gold Eagle, many were choosing non-U.S. coins, such as the Canadian Gold Maple Leaf, to meet their bullion needs. With the American Buffalo coin, the U.S. government hopes to increase the amount of U.S. gold sales and cash in on the 24-karat sales, which makes up about 60% of the world gold market.

On September 26, 2008, the U.S. Mint announced that, temporarily, it would halt sales of the American Buffalo coins because it could not keep up with soaring demand as investors sought the perceived safety of gold amid the subprime mortgage crisis of the late 2000s, which had also affected the price of gold.

Mintage

Bullion Mintage{{cite web |access-date = 12 April 2015 |archive-date = 12 September 2016 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160912231356/http://www.usmint.gov/about_the_mint/index.cfm?action=PreciousMetals&type=bullion |url-status = dead

Proof Mintage{{cite web |access-date = 28 December 2022 |archive-date = 28 December 2022 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20221228204035/https://goldbuffaloguide.com/mintages/ |url-status = live

Reverse Proof Mintage{{cite web | access-date = 3 February 2023 | archive-date = 31 May 2024 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240531105442/https://www.pcgs.com/coinfacts/coin/2013-w-50-american-buffalo-rev-pr-first-strike-9999-fine-gold-100th-anniversary/520051 | url-status = live

Fractional Burnished Uncirculated Mintage{{cite web | access-date = 3 April 2024 | archive-date = 4 April 2024 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240404041027/https://www.usacoinbook.com/coins/bullion-coins/gold-american-buffalo/ | url-status = live

Fractional Proof Mintage{{cite web | access-date = 3 April 2024 | archive-date = 4 April 2024 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240404041027/https://www.usacoinbook.com/coins/bullion-coins/gold-american-buffalo/ | url-status = live

References

References

1. United States Mint. "United States Mint Strikes First Pure Gold U.S. Coins for Investors & Collectors".
2. United States Mint. "American Buffalo Gold Proof Coin Available from the United States Mint Beginning June 22".
3. United States Mint. "2007 American Buffalo Gold Proof One Ounce Coin (BA7)".
4. United States Mint. "2009 American Buffalo Gold Proof One Ounce Coin (BA7)".
5. United States Mint. "2011 American Buffalo Gold Proof One Ounce Coin (BA7)".
6. United States Mint. "American Buffalo 2024 One Ounce Gold Proof Coin".
7. (July 22, 2008). "United States Mint Releases 8–8–08 Double Prosperity Set August 1". [[United States Mint]].
8. (September 26, 2008). "Mint suspends sale of 24-karat gold coins". USA Today.
9. "2024 American Buffalo (Sales Total by Month)".
10. "Buffalo Mintage Charts by ModernCoinMart".
11. "| U.S. Mint".
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17. "| U.S. Mint".