Alumni

Etymology

The Latin noun alumnus means "foster son" or "pupil". It is derived from the Latin verb alere "to nourish". Separate, but from the same root, is the adjective almus "nourishing", found in the phrase alma mater, a title for a person's home university.

Usage in Roman law

In Latin, alumnus is a legal term (Roman law) to describe a child placed in fosterage. According to John Boswell, the word "is nowhere defined in relation to status, privilege, or obligation." Citing the research of Henri Leclercq, Teresa Nani, and Beryl Rawson, who studied the many inscriptions about alumni, Boswell concluded that it referred to exposed children who were taken into a household where they were "regarded as somewhere between an heir and a slave, partaking in different ways of both categories." Despite the warmth of feelings between the parent and child, "an alumnus might be treated both as a beloved child and as a household servant."

Usage

An alumnus or alumna is a former student or a graduate of an educational institution (school, college, university). According to the United States Department of Education, the term alumnae is used in conjunction with either women's colleges or a female group of students. The term alumni is used in conjunction with either men's colleges, a male group of students, or a mixed group of students:

The term is sometimes informally shortened to "alum" (optional plural "alums"). This is increasingly being used more formally as a gender-neutral alternative. However, and for this latter purpose, the option "alumn" and "alumns" are also used in some institutions in Australia, Europe and the UK.Accessed 22/03/2023: Australia: https://lincoln.edu.au/alumn_new/ https://robbcollege.com/robb-academics Europe & UK: https://www.ecchr.eu/en/case/alumn-network/ https://ju.se/en/alumni/winners-alumn-of-the-year-2023.html https://www.oulu.fi/en/cooperation/alumni-activities/alumn-year https://www.mod-langs.ox.ac.uk/tags/alumn America: https://ischool.umd.edu/alumni/distinguished-alumni-awards/ (Alumn of the Year)

The words "alum/alums" and "alumn/alumns" (pronounced with a silent "n") are both pronounced with the accent on the second syllable (al-UM), as opposed to the chemical compound alum and its plural, "alums" (pron. AL-um).

Many universities have alumni offices that coordinate fundraising and offer benefits to registered alumni. Alumni reunions are popular events at many institutions. These may be organized by alumni offices or by alumni associations, and are often social occasions for fundraising. Full membership of alumni associations is sometimes limited just to graduates rather than all alumni, e.g. at Harvard University. Universities with validation agreements may limit some alumni benefits to graduates who studied at that university rather than at validated institutions.

In British English, the terms "old boy" or "old girl" are often preferred for a former pupil of a primary or secondary school, while universities refer to their former students as alumni.

Some universities, including the University of Cambridge, the University of California, San Francisco and Yale University, include former postdoctoral researchers as alumni, in recognition of the trainee status of such positions. Others, such as the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, consider them 'associate alumni', without full access to alumni benefits.

Some higher education institutions, particularly those with a history as women's colleges or women-only universities (such as St. Hilda’s College, University of Oxford), have chosen to retain the terms alumna ({{sc|fem. sg.}}) and alumnae ({{sc|fem. pl.}}) after becoming co-ed, reflecting institutional continuity with their historical identity.

References

Bibliography

References

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4. "Alumnus – definition of alumnus by Macmillan dictionary". Macmillandictionary.com.
5. {{cite Merriam-Webster. alumnus
6. John Ayto. (1 January 2009). "Word Origins". [[A&C Black]].
7. (2018). "Collins English Dictionary". HarperCollins.
8. {{cite Merriam-Webster. alumna
9. For example, ''[[Digest (Roman law). Digest]]'' 40, 2, 14
10. [http://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=alumnus ''The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language'']
11. "Archived: Women's Colleges in the United States: History, Issues, and Challenges". Ed.gov.
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13. "Dictionary.com {{!}} Meanings & Definitions of English Words".
14. "alum". Cambridge dictionary https://dictionary.cambridge.org/pronunciation/english/alum
15. "About the Harvard Alumni Association".
16. "Alumni Fee Scholarship 2024-25".
17. . ["old boy - ''noun''"](https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/old-boy). *Oxford University Press*.
18. . ["old girl - ''noun''"](https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/old-girl). *Oxford University Press*.
19. (10 June 2015). "Alumni benefits extended to thousands of former researchers".
20. "Alumni".
21. "Leaving Yale".
22. (November 2013). "The Status of MIT's Postdoctoral Researchers".