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Altocumulus cloud

Genus of mid-level cloud

Summary

Genus of mid-level cloud

Field	Value
name	Altocumulus clouds
image location	Altocumulus.jpg
image name	Altocumulus cloud formation
abbreviation	Ac
symbol	Clouds CM 3.svg
genus	alto-, meaning high, and cumulo-, meaning heap
species	* Castellanus
variety	* Duplicatus
altitude_m	2,000–7,000
altitude_ft	7,000–23,000
level	medium
appearance	Middle-altitude Stratocumulus clouds arranged in groups or rolls. Has smaller clouds separate from each other
precipitation	Virga only

Floccus
Lenticularis
Stratiformis
Volutus
Lacunosus
Opacus
Perlucidus
Radiatus
Translucidus
Undulatus

Altocumulus () is a middle-altitude cloud genus that belongs mainly to the stratocumuliform physical category, characterized by globular masses or rolls in layers or patchesthe individual elements being larger and darker than those of cirrocumulus and smaller than those of stratocumulus. However, if the layers become tufted in appearance due to increased airmass instability, then the altocumulus clouds become more purely cumuliform in structure.

Like other cumuliform and stratocumuliform clouds, altocumulus signifies convection. A sheet of partially conjoined altocumulus perlucidus is sometimes found preceding a weakening warm front, where the altostratus is starting to fragment, resulting in patches of altocumulus perlucidus between the areas of altostratus. Altocumulus is also commonly found between the warm and cold fronts in a depression, although this is often hidden by lower clouds.

Some [[altocumulus floccus]] clouds take on a golden tinge due to [[Rayleigh scattering]] in [[Norah Head]], [[New South Wales]].

Towering altocumulus, also called altocumulus castellanus, frequently signals the development of thunderstorms later in the day, as it shows instability and convection in the middle levels of the troposphere, the area where cumulus congestus clouds can turn into cumulonimbus. It is therefore one of three warning clouds often recorded by the aviation industry, the other two being towering cumulus and cumulonimbus.

Altocumulus generally forms at about 2,000 - above ground level, a similar level to altostratus formations, and satellite photography reveals that the two types of cloud can create formations that can stretch for thousands of square miles. Extensive altocumulus formations, particularly if they take the form of undulatus, are often referred to as altocumulus mackerel sky.

Subtypes

Middle cloud weather map symbols: Includes middle-étage and downward growing vertical.

:*Species: Altocumulus has four species. The stratiformis species (Ac str) is composed of sheets or relatively flat patches of stratocumuliform cloud. The synoptic coding is determined by the predominant variety or occasionally by the genitus mother cloud. Altocumulus lenticularis (Ac len lenticular cloud) is a lens-shaped middle cloud which can resemble flying saucers and may occasionally be mistaken for "unidentified flying objects". This is formed by uplift usually associated with mountains. but usually with at least some grey shading. It is coded CM4 on the SYNOP weather observation. Grey shading is also seen with altocumulus castellanus (Ac cas), a turreted middle cloud that can achieve significant vertical development and signals increasing air mass instability. It is nevertheless usually classified as middle rather than vertical and is coded CM8. The floccus species (Ac flo) is a tufted middle cloud which is also associated with greater instability. It shares the same code CM8. Chaotic altocumulus, which is typically poorly defined with multiple species or transitional forms arranged in several layers, is coded CM9. ::*Opacity-based varieties: Altocumulus stratiformis has three opacity-based varieties; Translucidus (CM3), perlucidus (CM3 or 7 depending on predominant opacity), and opacus (CM7). Varieties based on opacity are not commonly associated with the species lenticularis, castellanus, or floccus. ::*Pattern-based varieties: Radiatus (arranged in parallel bands) is sometimes seen with the stratformis and castellanus species. Altocumulus stratiformis radiatus of any opacity is coded CM5 if it is increasing in amount. The duplicatus or undulatus varieties are occasionally seen with the stratiformis and lenticularis species. Altocumulus stratiformis duplicatus is coded CM7 if it is not overridden by another coding of higher importance. Lacunosus is very occasionally associated with altocumulus of the species stratiformis, castellanus, or floccus. :::*Precipitation-based supplementary feature: Altocumulus often produces virga but usually not precipitation that reaches the ground. :::*Cloud-based supplementary feature: Mamma caused by localized downdrafts in the cloud layer are occasionally seen with altocumulus. A newly recognized type is the asperitas feature that is characterized by chaotic undulations caused by severe wind shear.

:::*Genitus Mother clouds: Altocumulus stratiformis cumulogenitus or cumulonimbogenitus can form when the middle or upper part of a towering free convective cloud begins to spread horizontally due to a loss of convective lift. It is coded CM6. :::*Mutatus mother clouds: Altocumulus can form due to the complete transformation of cirrocumulus, altostratus, nimbostratus, or stratocumulus.

Gallery

Image:Ac perlucidus.JPG|Altocumulus perlucidus Image:Lenticular clouds and Mount Hotaka from Mount Otensho 1994-06-25.jpg|Altocumulus lenticularis Image:Partially illuminated Ac with shadows.JPG|Altocumulus at sunset Image:Hiranandani-Gardens-3.jpg|Altocumulus floccus with line of castellanus Image:AltocumulusUndulatusClouds.png|Altocumulus undulatus during a cold front File:Altocumulus-mamma.jpg|Altocumulus mammatus File:Altocumulus radiatus clouds 1.jpg|Altocumulus stratiformis radiatus

References

"Weather Facts: Altocumulus". WeatherOnline.
(1975). "Manual on the Observation of Clouds and Other Meteors". [[World Meteorological Organization]].
"Altocumulus Castellanus". TheAirlinePilots.com.
"Altocumulus". TheAirlinePilots.com.
(1975). "Species, International Cloud Atlas".
(1975). "Varieties, International Cloud Atlas".
(1975). "Features, International Cloud Atlas".

Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

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