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Alma-Ata Protocol

Founding declarations & principles of Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)

Field	Value
name	Alma-Ata Protocol
image	RIAN archive 41059 CIS heads of state.jpg
image_width	300px
caption	Left to right: Ukrainian president Leonid Kravchuk, Kazakh president Nursultan Nazarbayev, Russian president Boris Yeltsin, and Belarusian leader Stanislav Shushkevich after signing the treaty
type	Treaty establishing the founding declarations and principles of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS).
date_signed	21 December 1991
location_signed	Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan, Soviet Union
date_effective	21 December 1991
* {{flag	Byelorussian SSR	1991	name	Belarus}}: Stanislav Shushkevich
* {{flag	Armenian SSR	1990	name	Armenia}}: Levon Ter-Petrosyan
* {{flag	Azerbaijan SSR	1991	name	Azerbaijan}}: Ayaz Mutallibov
* {{flag	Kazakh SSR	name	Kazakhstan}}: Nursultan Nazarbayev
* {{flag	Kirghiz SSR	name	Kyrgyzstan}}: Askar Akayev
* {{flag	Moldavian SSR	1990	name	Moldova}}: Mircea Snegur
* {{flag	Tajik SSR	name	Tajikistan}}: Rahmon Nabiyev
* {{flag	Turkmen SSR	name	Turkmenistan}}: Saparmurat Niyazov
* {{flag	Uzbek SSR	1991	name	Uzbekistan}}: Islam Karimov
depositor	Belarus
language	Russian

Russia Russia: Boris Yeltsin
Byelorussian SSR: Stanislav Shushkevich
Ukraine Ukraine: Leonid Kravchuk
Armenian SSR: Levon Ter-Petrosyan
Azerbaijan SSR: Ayaz Mutallibov
Kazakh SSR: Nursultan Nazarbayev
Kirghiz SSR: Askar Akayev
Moldavian SSR: Mircea Snegur
Tajik SSR: Rahmon Nabiyev
Turkmen SSR: Saparmurat Niyazov
Uzbek SSR: Islam Karimov

url=https://cis.minsk.by/reestrv2/print/documentCard?ids=6}}</ref>

The Alma-Ata Protocols were the founding declarations and principles of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). The leaders of Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus had agreed to the Belovezha Accords on 8 December 1991, declaring the Soviet Union dissolved and forming the CIS. On 21 December 1991, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan agreed to the Alma-Ata Protocols, formally establishing the CIS. The latter agreement included the original three Belavezha signatories, as well as eight additional former Soviet republics. Four former Soviet republics did not participate: Georgia, and the three Baltic states of Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia. The Baltic states consider their incorporation into the USSR in 1940 as illegal.

The protocols consisted of a declaration, three agreements and separate appendices. In addition, Marshal Yevgeny Shaposhnikov was confirmed as acting Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Commonwealth of Independent States. Separate treaty was signed between Belarus, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Ukraine "about mutual measures in regards to nuclear weapons".

The Alma-Ata Protocols removed any doubt that the Soviet Union no longer existed "as a subject of international law and geopolitical reality" (in the words of the Belovezha Accords' preamble), since 11 of the 12 remaining republics had declared that the Soviet Union had dissolved. The signatories preemptively accepted the resignation of Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev, who told CBS News that he would resign when he saw the CIS was a reality. Gorbachev resigned on 25 December, and the Soviet of the Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR voted the Soviet Union out of existence on 26 December.

Agreement on Councils of Heads of State and Government

A provisional agreement on the membership and conduct of Councils of Heads of State and Government was concluded between the members of the Commonwealth of Independent States on 30 December 1991.

Agreement on strategic forces

Concluded between the 11 members of the Commonwealth of Independent States on 30 December 1991.

Agreement on armed forces and border troops

Concluded between the members of the Commonwealth of Independent States on 30 December 1991.

References

"Протокол к Соглашению о создании Содружества Независимых Государств, подписанному 8 декабря 1991 года в г. Минске Республикой Беларусь, Российской Федерацией (РСФСР), Украиной".
"THE ALMA-ATA DECLARATION". Library of Congress.
[https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/998_086 (Угода про спільні заходи щодо ядерної зброї)]. [[Verkhovna Rada]]. 21 December 1991
Clines, Francis X.. (1991-12-22). "11 Soviet States Form Commonwealth Without Clearly Defining Its Powers". The New York Times.

Info: Wikipedia Source

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