Alabama's 6th congressional district

Character

Once encompassing all of Birmingham and Jefferson County, Alabama's 6th congressional district is now the suburban Birmingham-area district, with nearly all of the urban precincts having been removed since 1992. Due to a continual process of redistricting since the 1990s, the 6th district has taken on an increasingly unusual shape (typical of gerrymandered districts); it has included all of Jefferson County except for a long gash where most of Birmingham itself has been drawn into the neighboring majority-black 7th district.

The demography of the district consists mostly of middle and upper middle-class white-collar white families whose adults work in Birmingham. Increasingly, the population of the Birmingham districts has become racially and politically polarized. Since the 1960s, most wealthier whites moved from the city to the suburbs, settling in newer housing in suburban Jefferson County and nearby Shelby County. The African American population of the region has remained largely in more urban areas, even as the upper-class live in income-related neighborhoods. Since assuming its present configuration in 1993, it has become one of the most Republican districts in the country. In 2004 it voted 78% for Republican George W. Bush in the presidential election (in keeping with the current proportion of white majority of its population). John McCain swept the district in 2008, taking 75.91% of the vote while Barack Obama received 23.28%. The district's Republican bent is no less pronounced at the congressional level. Since it assumed its current configuration after the 1990 census, a Democrat has only won as much as 30 percent of the vote twice.

Birmingham was once the vanguard district for steel production and metalworking in the South, but restructuring of heavy industries hollowed out the economy of the city, taking many jobs with it. The economy of the 6th district since the late 20th century has centered on the banking industry (Birmingham is the second-largest banking area in the South) and health care/medical research. Voters are socially conservative; however, fiscal conservatism is the most salient feature of this district.

History

Alabama's 6th congressional district was originally created in 1843. It encompassed the northeastern portion of Alabama, approximately the modern counties of DeKalb, Jackson, Madison, Marshall, Etowah, St. Clair, Blount and Cullman.

The district had a population of 66,111 as of the 1840 U.S. census, which made it the second least populous district in Alabama. Neither Cullman County nor Etowah County existed at the time, so only the eastern portion of what today is Cullman County was in the district. In the case of St. Clair County, it appears that only about half of St. Clair County in 1843 was in the district. The district was redrawn in 1855. This was done in time for the election of representatives to the 34th Congress which was held August 6, 1855. The new boundaries put Cherokee County in the 6th district and removed St. Clair County. These boundaries remained in place until the Civil War.

When Alabama again elected representatives to the U.S. Congress in 1868 for the halfway completed 40th Congress, the 6th district consisted of northwestern Alabama. The only county remaining in the district from before was Blount County. It also encompassed Jefferson, Marion, Walker, Morgan, Limestone, Franklin, Lauderdale and Winston counties. Colbert County did not exist at the time, but was part of Franklin County. This was one of the areas of Alabama where the Democrats soonest regained control after the Civil War.

In 1876, the 6th district was redrawn again. The sixth-most northern counties (including Colbert County which now existed) were transferred to the new Alabama 8th Congressional district, while the six counties southwestward from Jefferson County were transferred to the 6th district. This set of boundaries only existed for one election. By the time of the 1878 election, Cullman County had been formed. It was in the 6th district, but Blount County was moved to the 8th district. The boundaries did not exactly correspond to county lines at that time, and with another change in county boundaries by 1880 even more area in the general vicinity of Blount County was moved to the 7th district. This process was continued in 1884 with the removal of Cullman County from the district.

1892 saw more changes in the boundaries of the 6th district. Winston County was moved to the 7th district. At the same time, Jefferson County was placed in the new 9th district. By this time the 6th district consisted of west central Alabama. In the 1892 election, there were about 22,000 votes cast in the 6th district as opposed to 30,000 cast in the 9th district.

In 1902, Perry County and some other areas in the southern portion of Alabama's 9th Congressional District were transferred to the 6th District. The state legislature did not redistrict for several decades, resulting in urban and industrial areas being under-represented in congressional and state districts. It was forced to redistrict after a 1972 Supreme Court case based on the principle of one man-one vote.

Counties and communities

For the 119th and successive Congresses (based on the districts drawn following the Supreme Court's decision in Allen v. Milligan), the district contains all or portions of the following counties and communities.

Autauga County (6)

: All six communities Bibb County (5) : All five communities

Chilton County (5)

: All five communities

Coosa County (11)

: All 11 communities

Elmore County (12)

: All 12 communities

Jefferson County (22)

: Argo (part; also 3rd; shared with St. Clair County), Birmingham (part; also 7th), Center Point (part; also 7th), Clay, County Line (part; also 4th; shared with Blount County), Fultondale (part; also 7th), Gardendale, Grayson Valley, Graysville (part; also 7th), Helena (part; also 7th; shared with Shelby County), Homewood (part; also 7th), Hoover (part; also 7th; shared with Shelby County), Irondale (part; also 7th), Kimberly, Leeds (part; also 3rd; shared with St. Clair and Shelby counties), Morris, Mount Olive, Mountain Brook, Pinson, Sumiton (part; also 4th; shared with Walker County), Trafford (part; also 4th; shared with Blount County), Trussville, Vestavia Hills (shared with Shelby County), Warrior

Shelby County (28)

: All 28 communities

Talladega County (3)

: Fayetteville (part; also 3rd), Sylacauga (part; also 3rd), Talladega Springs

Recent election results from statewide races

The following chart shows the results of recent federal and statewide races in the 6th district.

List of members representing the district

Recent election results

These are the results from the previous twelve election cycles in Alabama's 6th district.

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

2016

2018

2020

2022

2024

References

;Specific

;General

• Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present

References

1. "Congressional Districts {{pipe".
2. "My Congressional District".
3. Center for New Media & Promotion (CNMP), US Census Bureau. "My Congressional District".
4. "2025 Cook PVI℠: District Map and List (119th Congress)".
5. "Court Ordered Congressional Plan Map".
6. (October 1, 2024). "The Richest Congressional Districts In Every State Of 2024". Forbes.
7. Parson, Stanley B., William W. Beach and Michael J. Durbin. ''United States Congressional Districts and Data, 1843-1883'' (Westport: Greenwood Press, 1986) p. 1
8. United States Congressional Elections. Michael J. Dubin. p. 295
9. "Alabama - Congressional District 1".
10. "Alabama".
11. "AL - District 06".