Al-Zabadani

Etymology

Zabadani's name likely derives from Aramaic.

Overview

Compared to Damascus, the weather in Al-Zabadani tends to be milder in summer, about 5–8 degrees lower, but from December to the end of February it is colder with a lot of snow, and the temperature drops to −10 degrees.

The mild summer weather, along with scenic views, led the French colonial rulers to develop the city as a traditional summer resort and hill station, and has made the town a popular resort, both for tourists and for visitors from Syrian cities on the plains, especially nearby Damascus, and for tens of thousands of visitors from the Arabian peninsula. A more elevated region than Al-Zabadani is its neighbour Bloudan, also a resort for thousands of tourists. Bloudan is about 1,500 metres above sea level.

Al-Zabadani is predominantly Sunni, with a substantial Christian population, who have their own church and monastery. Before the Syrian Civil War, Al-Zabadani was rapidly growing and was well connected to Damascus. The war led to substantial destruction and damage of infrastructure and property. As a result, town's population has seen no substantial growth in the past two decades, currently standing (as of January 2025) at about 25,000 (of whom 2,000 are recently returned displaced persons).

Climate

Al-Zabadani has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification: Csa). In winter there is more rainfall than in summer. The average annual temperature in Al-Zabadani is 14.1 °C. About 510 mm of precipitation falls annually.

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History

In 1838, the population was noted as being Sunni Muslims and Antiochian Greek Christians.

In 1909, J. E. Hanauer mentioned being informed about a large stone revered by Muslim peasants at Neby 'Abdan, a holy site near Zabadani.

Syrian Civil War

Main article: Battle of Zabadani (2012), Battle of Zabadani (2015), Syrian Civil War

Al-Zabadani is vitally important to the Syrian government being located along the Lebanon border. It is also strategically important to Iran because, since at least as late as June 2011, it served as the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps's logistical hub for supplying Hezbollah.

On 18 January 2012, Zabadani became the first city to fall to the Free Syrian Army (FSA), following a bloody battle that lasted 11 days. The Syrian Army regained control of the city by 11 February.

By late July 2012, Zabadani had become a base of operations for Hezbollah and the Iranian Guards. In August, local Syrian opposition fighters retook 70% of Zabadani with only a few isolated army checkpoints remaining. On 28 February 2014, a truce was reached between government and the rebels. Later it was reported that the truce broke down and that rebels attacked government checkpoints, with the government besieging and shelling the town. On 26 April 2014, the rebels surrendered after intense fighting with government troops, losing their last stronghold along Lebanon's border, only to regain control of the city months later. Following an extended siege by the Syrian Army and Hezbollah, a U.N.-brokered agreement was finally signed in September 2015, under which the city was successively evacuated by the rebels and control ceded back to the Syrian government on 19 April 2017.

City twinning

• GER Neunkirchen, Saarland, Germany

References

Bibliography

References

1. [http://www.cbssyr.org/new%20web%20site/General_census/census_2004/NH/TAB03-26-2004.htm General Census of Population and Housing 2004] {{Webarchive. link. (2013-01-13 . [[Central Bureau of Statistics (Syria)). Syria Central Bureau of Statistics]] (CBS). Rif Dimashq Governorate. {{in lang. ar
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4. Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, 2nd appendix, p. [https://archive.org/stream/biblicalresearch03robiuoft#page/146/mode/1up 146]
5. Hanauer, J. E.. (1909). "Notes from Damascus and the Anti-Libanus". Palestine Exploration Quarterly.
6. Holliday, Joseph. (March 2012). "Syria's Armed Opposition". Institute for the Study of War.
7. Fahim, Kareem. (January 21, 2012). "In Syrian city, a calm that few expect to last". [[The New York Times]].
8. (29 July 2012). "Iran's Hizbullah sends more troops to help Assad storm Aleppo, fight Sunnis". World Tribune.
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10. "هدوء حذر تشهده الزبداني وأنباء عن هدنة بين الحر وقوات النظام".
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