Al Hoceima

Name

According to some scholars, Al Hoceima is an Arabised version of a Spanish word (Alhucemas – meaning 'Lavenders'), derived from the Andalusi Arabic term 'al-Khuzāmā'. After independence, the Moroccan government established an Arabised name for Alhucemas coming up with Al Hoceima, following the standard French spelling. Some like the author of the Spanish encyclopedia Espasa-Calpe say Alhucemas is a corruption of al-Mazimma.

History

Early and colonial history

The Ait Ouriaghel Berber tribe (also 'Beni Urriaguel') dominated the area around Al Hoceima. Abd el-Krim, whose father was a qadi of the Aith Yusuf clan, organized a guerilla force against the Spanish during the Rif War, establishing the Republic of the Rif in 1921. In September 1925, Spanish General José Sanjurjo landed at Al Hoceima and claimed the territory for Spain. The Spanish developed the town and named it Villa Sanjurjo after General Sanjurjo. The first mayor was Florian Gómez Aroca.

Since Moroccan independence

After Morocco gained its independence in 1956, Al Hoceima developed quickly, and the Moroccan government changed its name from the Spanish Villa Alhucemas to Al Hoceima.

The years from 1956 to 1959 were marked by challenges for the Rif region. Morocco's Hassan II, then crown prince, assumed the role of military commander, and during this period, a significant number of people lost their lives in the Rif. In October 1958, the Beni Urriaguel community rebelled against the central administration, prompting the deployment of two-thirds of Morocco's army, led by Hassan, to Al Hoceima.

In the early 1950s and 1960s, during a period of economic hardship when many of the city's inhabitants were of modest means, the small houses in the city were predominantly painted white and blue. These colors, symbolizing the sea and sky, were commonly regarded as the city's official colors. As economic conditions improved over time, residents began to paint their houses in a wider range of colors.

The city and surrounding villages were hit by two large earthquakes within ten years. The first ( 6.0 event occurred on May 26, 1994, and the second event ( 6.4) occurred on February 24, 2004, killing more than 560 people (see 2004 Al Hoceima earthquake). In 2007, Al Hoceima's mayor stated that all new houses would be painted white and blue in an effort to restore the city's traditional appearance.

Al Hoceima is now a moderate-size city with a population of 56,716 recorded in the 2014 Moroccan census. It has the second-largest port of the Rif region (Nador being the largest). The first schools built by the Spanish colonials, (a college and an elementary school) and a Spanish catholic church, still exist today.

Playa Quemado, where General Sanjurjo and his troops landed in 1925, is one of Al Hoceima's well-known beaches. Situated beneath the Mohammed V hotel, the beach is frequented by visitors. The hotel offers amenities such as a tennis court, restaurant, cocktail bar, and nightclub.

Al Hoceima has been the centre of repression by and political protest against the Moroccan government in the 21st century. Five young protesters were murdered, and their burned bodies found in Al Hoceima, in 2011. which led to large anti-government protests in November 2016 known as Hirak Rif. Protests in Al Hoceima continued after the start of Ramadan, 26 May, and culminated on 26 June with "bloody clashes", then spreading to other parts of northern Morocco and the country. On 7 January 2023, A 5.3 Magnitude Earthquake hit Al Hoceima Province, Nekkour. On 12 February 2023, National Institute of Geophysics announced two earthquakes that occurred in the Al Hoceima region, in the north of the country, measuring 3.8 and 4.3 degrees.

Climate

| Jan record high C = 27.6 | Feb record high C = 30.0 | Mar record high C = 30.8 | Apr record high C = 32.6 | May record high C = 34.2 | Jun record high C = 39.6 | Jul record high C = 41.0 | Aug record high C = 38.6 | Sep record high C = 41.0 | Oct record high C = 34.6 | Nov record high C = 35.0 | Dec record high C = 31.0 | Jan record low C = -1.0 | Feb record low C = 0.0 | Mar record low C = 0.0 | Apr record low C = 0.5 | May record low C = 6.0 | Jun record low C = 9.0 | Jul record low C = 11.3 | Aug record low C = 11.2 | Sep record low C = 10.0 | Oct record low C = 6.0 | Nov record low C = 3.5 | Dec record low C = 0.0 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20231004212622/https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-1-WMO-Normals-9120/Morocco/CSV/ALHOUCEIMA_60107.csv | archive-date = 4 October 2023 | access-date = 4 October 2023}}{{cite web | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211110235919/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1981-2010/RA-I/Morocco/WMO_Normals_ASCII_60107.csv | archive-date = 10 November 2021 | access-date = 10 November 2021}} | access-date = 4 October 2023}}

Economy

The city's income is based on fishing and tourism. Many of its former inhabitants migrated to Europe during the 1960s through 1980s; large numbers of Moroccans in the Netherlands, France and Belgium were Al Hoceima natives, many of whom return to Al Hoceima during the summer, when the town is also frequented by tourists from Germany and France.

The town beach is Plage Quemado, which is also where fishers bring in their catch. A quieter beach is in nearby Asfiha. The Torres de Alcala and Kalah Iris beaches are also considered Al Hoceima beaches, though they are 60 km from town.

Transport

The city is served by the Cherif Al Idrissi Airport.

Education

There is a Spanish international school, Instituto Español Melchor de Jovellanos.

Abdelmalek Essaâdi University - Campus of Al Hoceima contains:

Faculty of Science and Technology - FST

National School of Applied Sciences - ENSA'H

Multidisciplinary Faculty - FPH (Under Construction)

National School of Commerce and Management - ENCG (Under Construction)

Notable people

• Nasser Zefzafi, Moroccan political activist
• Jamal Ben Saddik, Moroccan kickboxer
• Tarik Elyounoussi, Norwegian footballer of Moroccan origins.
• Mohamed Elyounoussi, Norwegian footballer of Moroccan origins.
• Ibrahim Afellay, Dutch Former footballer of Moroccan origins.
• Khalid Boulahrouz, Dutch Former footballer of Moroccan origins.
• Isam Bachiri, Danish Singer of Moroccan origins
• Mohamed Oulhaj, Moroccan footballer
• Ilyas El Omari, Moroccan politician
• Youssaf El Marnissi, Moroccan racing driver

Twin towns – sister cities

• Belgium Sint-Niklaas, Belgium
• Spain Albuñol, Spain

References

References

1. "Morocco: Regions, Major Cities & Urban Places - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information".
2. "Historique d'Al Hoceima (History of Alhoceima)".
3. Deverdun, Gaston. "al-Ḥusayma".
4. Ellingham, Mark. (2001). "The Rough Guide to Morocco". Rough Guides.
5. (2007). "Assessing and Managing Earthquake Risk: Geo-scientific and Engineering Knowledge for Earthquake Risk Mitigation: developments, tools, techniques". Springer Science & Business Media.
6. (8 April 2015). "POPULATION LÉGALE DES RÉGIONS, PROVINCES, PRÉFECTURES, MUNICIPALITÉS, ARRONDISSEMENTS ET COMMUNES DU ROYAUME D'APRÈS LES RÉSULTATS DU RGPH 2014". [[Haut Commissariat au Plan.
7. (6 July 2017). "Morocco's unrest is worsening". [[The Economist]].
8. (November 1, 2016). "Morocco arrests 11 over fish-seller's death in Al-Hoceima". BBC.
9. Aidi, Hisham. (13 July 2017). "Is Morocco Headed Toward Insurrection?". [[The Nation]].
10. Sahnouni, Mariya. (7 January 2023). "5.3 Magnitude Earthquake Hits Morocco's Al Hoceima Province".
11. "5.3 Magnitude Earthquake Hits Morocco's Al Hoceima Province".
12. "The National Institute of Geophysics in Morocco: two earthquakes in the Al Hoceima region, in the north of the country, measuring 3.8 and 4.3 degrees".
13. (2023-02-12). "Earthquake of 4.3 hits Al Hoceima province this morning".
14. Aamari, Oussama. (12 February 2023). "4.3 Magnitude Earthquake Hits Morocco's Al Hoceima Province".
15. de Haas, Hein. (April 2005). "Morocco's migration transition: trends, determinants and future scenarios".