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Al-Anfal

8th chapter of the Qur'an

8th chapter of the Qur'an

FieldValue
number8
nameAl-Anfāl
name-arٱلْأَنْفَال
name-enThe Bounties
prev_suraQuran 7
next_suraQuran 9
classificationMadinan
juz9—10
hizb15—19
rukus10
verses75
words1242
letters5387
audioChapter 8, Al-Anfal (Murattal) - Recitation of the Holy Qur'an.mp3

| name-ar = ٱلْأَنْفَال | name-en = The Bounties | othernames-ar =

Al-Anfal (, ar; meaning The Spoils of War, Earnings, Savings, Profits) is the eighth chapter (sūrah) of the Quran, with 75 verses (āyāt). Regarding the timing and contextual background of the revelation (asbāb al-nuzūl), it is a Medinan surah, completed after the Battle of Badr. It forms a pair with the next surah, At-Tawba.

According to the Muslim philosopher Abul A'la Maududi, the chapter was probably revealed in 2 AH (624 CE) after the Battle of Badr, the first defensive clash between the Meccans and the Muslim people of Medina after they fled from persecution in Mecca. As it contains an extensive point-by-point survey of the battle, it gives the idea that most presumably it was revealed at very much the same time. Yet, it is additionally conceivable that a portion of the verses concerning the issues emerging because of this battle may have been revealed later and placed at the best possible spots to make it consistent entirely.

Summary

  • 1 Spoils belong to God and his Apostle
  • 2-4 True believers and their future reward
  • 5-6 Muslims reproved for distrusting their Prophet
  • 7 God gives the Muslims either the Quraish or their caravan
  • 8 The victory of Badr a seal to Islam
  • 9 Angelic aid vouchsafed to Muhammad
  • 10-11 The Muslims refreshed and comforted before the battle
  • 12 The angels enjoined to comfort the faithful by destroying the infidel Quraish
  • 13-14 Infidels are doomed to punishment here and hereafter
  • 15-16 Muslims are never to turn their backs on the infidels on pain of hell-fire
  • 17-18 The victory of Badr a miracle
  • 19 The Quraish are warned against further warfare with the Muslims
  • 20-21 Muslims exhorted to steadfastness in faith
  • 22-23 Infidels compared to deaf and dumb brutes
  • 24 Believers are to submit themselves to God and his Apostle
  • 25-28 They are warned against civil strife, deception, and treachery
  • 29 God's favour to true believers
  • 30 Plots against Muhammad frustrated by God
  • 31 The infidels liken the Quran to fables
  • 32-33 The Quraish were protected from deserved punishment by Muhammad's presence among them
  • 34-38 The idolaters of Mecca rebuked and threatened
  • 39 An amnesty offered to the Quraish
  • 40 Impenitent idolaters to be extirpated from the earth
  • 41 How the spoils of war are to be divided
  • 42-43 The Muslims were led by God to fight at Badr to attest the truth of Islam
  • 44 The Muslims encouraged, and the infidels lured to destruction, by each seeing the other to be few in number
  • 45-46 Believers exhorted to obedience
  • 47 Believers warned against impious vainglory
  • 48 The devil deserts the Quraish at Badr
  • 49-51 The fate of hypocrites
  • 52-54 Their doom like that of Pharaoh and his people
  • 55 The worst of beasts are the infidels
  • 56-58 Treachery to be met with its like
  • 59 God is against the infidels
  • 60 The Muslims excited to war against unbelievers
  • 61 Condition of peace with unbelievers
  • 62-64 The miracle of Arab union
  • 65-66 God with the Prophet and the Muslims in warring for the faith
  • 67-69 Muslims reproved for accepting ransom for the captives taken at Badr
  • 70-71 Captive Quraish exhorted to accept Islam, and warned against deception
  • 72-73 The brotherhood of Muslims (and its obligatory related to it), fact that disbelievers are helpers of one another, and effect for Muslims if they don't help another.
  • 74 The brotherhood of the Ansárs and Muháj Jirín
  • 75 The hereditary rights of blood-relations re-established

Name

The Surah is named Al-Anfal (The Bounties) from the first ayat. The word utilized in the ayat is الْأَنفَالِ. The word أَنفَال alludes to what is given as an extra sum past what is required. A very subtle perspective is covered in employing this word: the reward of undertaking jihad for God is permanently saved with God. Other than this prize, the spoils of war that are picked up from the Unbelievers are an extra offer for such individuals; before the Day of Judgment, the Almighty awards these to the participants of the war.

Text narratives

This subject of this Surah can be considered to be the issue of Jihad.

AyaatSubject
1Nasrulloh2020pp=90-91, from the excerpt of Hadith from Abu Dawud al-Sijistani; which quoted and examined by Ahmad as-Siharanfuri in his work Badlul Majhud fi Hili Abi Dawud, published by Dar al Kotob Ilmiyya Lebanon.}} More further event details regarding the revelation of this verse from Hadiths narrated by Zubayr ibn al-Awwam and Miqdad ibn Aswad were became the foundation of Sharia ruling by four Sunni Madhhab jurisprudence school regarding the rules of war.
2-8
9last1=Nasrullohfirst1=Muhammadtitle=PERISTIWA DIBALIK TURUNNYA AL-QURAN: Fakta Sejarah Pengantar Turunnya Ayat-Ayat Al-Qurantrans-title=EVENTS BEHIND THE DECENT OF THE QURAN: Historical Facts Introductiondate=2020type=Religion / Islam / Historypublisher=Aghitsna Publisherisbn=9786236865101pages=92–93url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wi1CEAAAQBAJaccess-date=2 February 2022language=Indonesian, Arabicformat=ebookchapter=46: Doa Rasulullah SAW ketika perang Badarquote=Hadith from Sahih Muslim no.1763; Sahih al-Bukhari no.2915; Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal no.1161; al-Tabarani vol 10 p.18110270; compiled in the book of Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani vol.7 p.289}} the phrase of "...thousand angels came in a row..." were translated literally as the angels according to Ibn Hajar came in appearance of an army of soldiers clad in white garments. The garments were translated by other scholars as yellow, as more specific source has stated that the angels has taken form of Zubayr ibn al-Awwam, companion of Muhammad.
10-12author1=Omar Al-Muqbilauthor2=professor Shalih bin Abdullah bin Humaid from Riyadh Tafsir centerauthor3=Imad Zuhair Hafidz from Markaz Ta'dhim Qur'an Medinaauthor1-link=Omar Al-Muqbiltitle=Surat Al-Anfal Ayat 12url=https://tafsirweb.com/2878-surat-al-anfal-ayat-12.htmlwebsite=Tafsirwebpublisher=Islamic University of Madinah; Ministry of Religious Affairs (Indonesia); Ministry of Islamic Affairs, Dawah and Guidanceaccess-date=30 January 2022language=Indonesian, Arabic}}
13-41This portion manages the issues of the Spoils of War or ghanimah. The Quran says that these are not the crown jewels of war but rather the "Bounties of Allah" and demonstrates this by indicating that the triumph at Badr (and in every single other fight, as well,) was won by His aid and not by the endeavors of the Muslims. It likewise proclaims in ayat 40 that the war point of the Muslims ought to be to take out every single troublesome condition for the foundation of Islam and not to pick up ruins. Additionally, the spoils, being the bounties of God, have a place with Allah and His Messenger and only they are qualified to distribute them. At that point in the wake of molding the Muslims to acknowledge these things, the different shares have been assigned in ayat 41. The portion for relatives of Muhammad were attested by Hadith that Zubayr ibn al-Awwam, a cousin relative of Muhammad from the side of his father, were shared with more war prize during the battle of Badr.
41This verse concerns the division of war spoils by the relatives of Muhammad. The Modern Hanbalite and salafists borrowed the interpretation of the verse from Ibn Kathir and Al-Baghawi, that Zubayr privilege were valid as he still counted as blood relative of Muhammad through az-Zubayr mother, so aside from the three parts which usually given to cavalry, two more parts of spoils were given to Zubayr for his blood relation with the prophet.
42-49The Battle of Badr was appointed by Allah so Islam should triumph over "ignorance". The exercise from this is the Muslims should trust in God and set themselves up for war and ought not be bewildered by Satan as the disbelievers were.
50The verse giving special mention regarding the conduct of the Angel of death that during the Battle of Badr, the angel of death gave special treatment for the unbelievers who died during that battle, where the angel torment them by striking their faces and their backs the moment they are dying. Another opinion said those polytheists died in Badr were given the treatment not at that time, instead, they will be struck with such punishments during the Last Judgment.
51-54The Battle of Badr was appointed by Allah so Islam should triumph over "ignorance". The exercise from this is the Muslims should trust in God and set themselves up for war and ought not be bewildered by Satan as the disbelievers were.
55-59Sanctity of treaties has been ordered and the Muslims instructed to observe them as long as the other party does not break them.
60-66The Muslims ought to consistently be set up for war on each front, yet ought to be prepared to make harmony if the other party is slanted towards it.
67-71In these ayaat, guidelines about detainees of war have been given.
72-75To keep the Muslims consolidated against their adversaries, they have been instructed to have welcoming relations with each other.

Verse 8:12

Tafsir Ibn Kathir says this means, "you -- angels -- support the believers, strengthen their (battle) front against their enemies, thus, implementing My command to you. I will cast fear, disgrace and humiliation over those who defied My command and denied My Messenger".

Verse 8:17

Muhammad al-Baqir narrates in hadith that:

which refers to the relatives of the Messenger of Allah. "Al-Khums (one fifth) belongs to Allah, the Messenger and to us (his Ahl al-Bayt)". One source states that Ubay ibn Khalaf was ransomed after Badr, but was killed by Muslims with a spear in the Battle of Uhud (625 CE). Verse was revealed in this occasion.

Verses 8:42 and 8:47

The Battle of Badr is also the subject of this Surah, which details military conduct and operations. Though the Surah does not name Badr, it describes the battle several times: These verses highlighted both the chance encounter of the battle (both sides had blundered into each other) as well as the underestimation of both the size of the Meccan army by the Muslims and the fierceness of the Muslim army by the Meccans. The Meccan army was described in the second verses, and "Satan" may be referring to Amr ibn Hishām, who was hated by the Muslims and allegedly pushed for the battle repeatedly.

Verses 8:75

According to Al-Suyuti, the aftermath of the battle of Uhud had several implication for the Companions of the Prophet as some of them though they can inherit the wealth of the fallen, due to the previous bonding between Muhajirun and Ansar in the event of Brotherhood among the Sahabah. This case were highlighted in a Hadith of such event when Ka'b ibn Malik, a Medinan Ansari warrior who has fallen during the battle and previously bonded brotherhood with Zubayr ibn al-Awwam. Then Muhammad revealed Sura Al-Anfal, Ayah , which annulled the inheritance rights between fabricated "brotherhood", and forbidding Zubayr to inherit Ka'b wealths, as the one who truly has the right to inherit his wealth were his true blood relatives such as his children's.

Appendix

Notes

References

Bibliography

References

  1. [[George Sale translation]]
  2. [[Gerrans, S]]
  3. {{Cite Tafsir. en:ibk. 8. 1
  4. Translation and commentary by [[Javed Ahmad Ghamidi]]
  5. [[Abul A'la Maududi]] - [[Tafhim-ul-Quran]]
  6. "Ayah al-Anfal (The Spoils of War) 8:39".
  7. (1896). "A Complete Index to [[Sale's Text]], Preliminary Discourse, and Notes". Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner, and Co.
  8. "The Quranic Arabic Corpus - Quran Dictionary".
  9. Mohammed, A Comprehensive Commentary on the Quran: Comprising Sale’s Translation and Preliminary Discourse, with Additional Notes and Emendations (London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner, and Co., 1896). 4 vols.
  10. "Futuh al-Sham (Revised Version) chapter:ذكر وقعة اليرموك". al-eman.
  11. (1311). "Mukhtasar Tarikh al Dimashq: Miqdad bin Amr bin Thalabah bin Malik".
  12. (2016). "Surat Ali-Imran ayat 125". [[Islamic University of Madinah]]; [[Ministry of Religious Affairs (Indonesia)]]; [[Ministry of Islamic Affairs, Dawah and Guidance]].
  13. (2016). "Lives Of The Sahaba 39 – Az-Zubayr Ibn Al-Awwam – PT 01".
  14. {{harvtxt. Bin Al-Hassan. Al-Dimashqi. 2012
  15. {{Cite Tafsir. en:ibk. 8. 9
  16. (2015). "Sahabat-Sahabat Rasulullah vol 1: Zubair bin Awwam". Pustaka Ibnu Katsir.
  17. "al Mustadrak ala Sahihayn". Islamweb.
  18. "كتاب مختصر تلخيص الذهبي".
  19. (2015). "Apakah Malaikat Israfil Bertugas Meniup Sangkakala pada Hari Kiamat? (1)".
  20. (2015). "Apakah Malaikat Israfil Bertugas Meniup Sangkakala pada Hari Kiamat? (2)".
  21. (2017). "Kisah Teladan 20 Shahabat Nabi untuk Anak". Hikam Pustaka.
  22. (2017). "Biografi Rasulullah Sebuah Studi Analitis Berdasarkan Sumber-sumber yang Otentik". Qisthi Press.
  23. (2010). "The Cambridge Companion to Muhammad". Cambridge University Press.
  24. "Surat Al-Anfal Ayat 12". [[Islamic University of Madinah]]; [[Ministry of Religious Affairs (Indonesia)]]; [[Ministry of Islamic Affairs, Dawah and Guidance]].
  25. (2016). "Surat al Anfal ayat 41". [[Islamic University of Madinah]]; [[Ministry of Religious Affairs (Indonesia)]]; [[Ministry of Islamic Affairs, Dawah and Guidance]].
  26. (24 November 2004). "Sirah Nabawiyah #61 - Peristiwa Perang Khaybar 2 - Ustadz Dr. Firanda Andirja, M.A.}}; {{cite web".
  27. (2016). "Surat al Anfal ayat 50". [[Islamic University of Madinah]]; [[Ministry of Religious Affairs (Indonesia)]]; [[Ministry of Islamic Affairs, Dawah and Guidance]]; [[Masjid al-Haram]].
  28. {{Cite Tafsir. en:ibk. 8. 12
  29. (2015). "Kitab al-Kafi". The Islamic Seminary Inc..
  30. [http://www.livingislam.org/n/uun_e.html Umm Umara Nasiba Bint KaB Al-Ans.Ariyya (Ra)]
  31. (2008). "Asbabun Nuzul; Sebab Turunnya Ayat Al-Quran". Gema Insani.
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