Aetolia-Acarnania

Geography

Mountains dominate the north, northeast, west and southeast, especially the Acarnanian Mountains. The longest and main river is the Acheloos, which ends as a delta in wetlands to the southwest on a rich fertile valley. The second longest is Evinos; others include the Ermitsa, the Inachos, and the Mornos (on the border with Phocis). The regional unit excludes the islands lying to its west, since they belong to the Kefalonia and Ithaca regional units. There is one reservoir and a lake in its central part. The many mountains of the area span the Panaitoliko toward the northeast and the Acarnanian Mountains, the Valtos and the Makrynoros mountains in the north, the Nafpaktia Mountains in the southeast, the Arakynthos and Kravara in the south.

Lakes include the Amvrakia, the Lysimachia, Ozeros, and Trichonida, and artificial lakes and reservoirs include Kastraki, Kremasta, the largest lake in Greece since its creation in 1970, and Stratos. Two lagoons are found in the southern part of the regional unit: the Messolongi and the Aitoliko. The lowest altitude in Greece is found in west Aetolia-Acarnania at about -10 meters from the sea level.

Climate

Its climate ranges from hot and humid summers, with temperatures often surpassing 40 °C, to mild and short winters in the low-lying areas, with cool winters dominating in the mountain areas. At the highest elevations, summers are cool, and snow and cold weather dominate the winter months in the Panaitoliko.

History

Ancient era

Byzantine era

During middle ages the region was called Little Wallachia.

Ottoman era

During the Ottoman period, between the 16th century until the Greek War of Independence, the region was called Karleli and formed a province (sanjak) in the Rumelia Eyalet.

Modern Aetolia-Acarnania

Aetolia and Acarnania became a prefecture and merged to form Aetolia-Acarnania after the Greek War of Independence in the late-1820s; the prefecture included Evrytania at the time, and it ranked second largest in Greece. Evrytania separated from the prefecture in 1948. In the 20th century, ferry services between Rio and the Peloponnese began. and in the 1950s and the 1960s ferry services began to incorporate vehicles. Following World War II and the Greek Civil War a number of buildings needed to be repaired.

A drawbridge linking the island of Lefkada was built in the 1960s. The prefecture's first reservoir, created by the Acheloos Dam over the Acheloos, was under construction in 1967 and completed in the early 1970s, delivering water and hydropower to western part of Greece. Villages were relocated at the time. Two more dams were added, the Stratos Hydroelectric Dam in the 1980s and another in the late 1980s.

Transportation

The following years, GR-5 bypassed Messolonghi and Agrinion and GR-38 became connected with paved road with Eurytania and Phthiotida. In the late-1980s, the by-pass of Naupaktos began construction but after paving the road, the signs did not appear and until 1998, it was left unopened. In 1999, the road was re-repaired and finally opened to traffic. In 2000, the construction of the Rio-Antirio or the Charilaos Trikoupis Bridge connecting the Peloponnese began construction and was opened to traffic in August 2004. The superhighway, the Ionia Odos (Ionian Motorway) which will run centrally bypassing communities began construction in 2001 at a part between Messolonghi and the curve, this section remains to be unpaved, the rest of the highway is in plan but the opening date is not yet set.

A railway formerly served the places from Kryoneri and Agrinio and served with the ferry with Rio. In the 1980s, the service came to an end.

• Greek National Road 5/E55, SE, S, Cen., N
• Greek National Road 38, Cen., NE
• Greek National Road 42, N, NW
• Greek National Road 48/E65, SE
• Road linking Agios Nikolaos, Astakos and Aitolikon, NW, W, SW, S

Population history

|1981|218,362 |1991|224279 |2001|219092 |2011|210802 |2021|192345

Administration

The regional unit Aetolia-Acarnania is subdivided into 7 municipalities. These are (number in parentheses corresponds to number in the infobox's map):

• Agrinio (2)
• Aktio-Vonitsa (3)
• Amfilochia (4)
• Messolonghi (1)
• Nafpaktia (6)
• Thermo (5)
• Xiromero (7)

Prefecture

As a part of the 2011 Kallikratis government reform, the regional unit Aetolia-Acarnania was created out of the former prefecture Aetolia-Acarnania (). The prefecture had the same territory as the present regional unit.

Provinces

• Province of Messolonghi - Messolonghi/Messolongi
• Province of Nafpaktia - Nafpaktos
• Province of Trichonida - Agrinio
• Province of Valtos - Amfilochia
• Province of Vonitsa & Xiromero - Vonitsa Note: Provinces no longer hold any legal status in Greece.

People

• Cosmas of Aetolia, (1714–1779) monk
• Dimitrios Makris, fighter of the Greek War of Independence (1821)
• Aristovoulos Kois, Greek army officer from Agrinio, Greece.
• Stratos Apostolakis - footballer
• Georgios Athanasiadis-Novas - a former Greek prime minister
• Filipos Darlas, footballer
• Ioannis Kalogeras
• Christos Kapralos, writer
• Pantelis Karasevdas
• Aristidis Moschos, musician
• Thodoros Papadimitriou, sculptor
• Pythagoras Papastamatiou, director, songwrite
• Evangelos Papastratos
• Charilaos Trikoupis - a former Greek Prime Minister
• Spyridon Trikoupis - a former Greek Prime Minister
• Dimitrios Valvis - a former Greek Prime Minister
• Zinovios Valvis - a former Greek Prime Minister
• Yannis Yfantis - poet

Communications

Radio

• Agrinio 93.7 FM
• Dytika FM
• Stereo Channel
• Akarnania Radio

Television

• Acheloos TV - Agrinion
• Lychnos, UHF channel 32 (religious), broadcasting from Nafpaktos
• Lepanto Tv - Nafpaktos
• Ν TV - Agrinion

Newspapers

• 29Dytika
• Akarnania
• En Bambini - Bambini
• Nea Epohi
• Vela

Sporting teams

• Panetolikos - Agrinion, Super League Greece
• Nafpaktiakos Asteras - Nafpaktos, Local Championship
• AE Messologiou - Mesologgi, fourth division
• Thyella Paravolas - Paravola, Local Championship
• Amfilochos - Amfilochia, Fourth Division
• Aris - Etoliko, Local Championship
• Doxa Kainougriou - Kainourgio, Local Championship

References

References

1. "The history of the Nea Filadelfeia Meteorological stations".
2. "Απογραφές πληθυσμού 1991, 2001, 2011 σύμφωνα με την κωδικοποίηση της Απογραφής 2011". [[Hellenic Statistical Authority]].
3. "ΦΕΚ A 87/2010, Kallikratis reform law text". [[Government Gazette (Greece).
4. "ΦΕΚ B 1292/2010, Kallikratis reform municipalities". [[Government Gazette (Greece).