Adult-onset immunodeficiency syndrome

Adult-onset immunodeficiency syndrome is a type of immunodeficiency. It is linked to vulnerability to disseminated infections brought on by opportunistic pathogens. People with this condition have increased levels of anti-interferon-gamma autoantibodies. These particular immune system proteins mistakenly target an individual's own tissues. It is most commonly reported among previously healthy Southeast Asians. The average age of onset is between 30 and 50 years. Non-tuberculous mycobacteria, non-typhoidal salmonella, cytomegalovirus, Penicillium marneffei, and varicella zoster virus are some of the pathogens that can cause infections in patients with this illness. Symptoms vary depending on the infection(s) present in each individual.

It is unknown what causes the development of anti-interferon-gamma autoantibodies, however, genetic factors are thought to be implicated. A number of studies indicate a link with specific HLA genes. These genes aid the immune system in distinguishing between proteins produced by the body and those produced by outside threats. Some have proposed that an infection may first initiate the formation of autoantibodies, and that subsequent infections increase their activity.

There is currently no standard medication for Adult-onset immunodeficiency syndrome, and treatment is dependent on the infection(s) present. Long-term antibiotic therapy and rituximab therapy have been used to manage Adult-onset immunodeficiency syndrome. Multiple treatments may be required at the same time.