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Admiral of the Fleet (Royal Navy)

Highest rank of the British Royal Navy

Field	Value
name	Admiral of the Fleet
image	Flag of the United Kingdom.svgborder
image_size	100
caption	The flag of an admiral of the Fleet is the Union Flag
image2	British Royal Navy OF-10-collected.svg
image_size2	100
caption2	Insignia shoulder board and sleeve lace for admiral of the fleet
country	United Kingdom
service branch
abbreviation	ADMF
rank group	Flag officer
rank	Five-star
NATO rank	OF-10
formation	1688
higher rank	none
lower rank	Admiral
equivalents

| Non-NATO rank =

Admiral of the Fleet (ADMF) is a five-star naval officer rank and the highest rank of the Royal Navy, formally established in 1688. The five-star NATO rank code is OF-10, equivalent to a field marshal in the British Army or a marshal of the Royal Air Force. Apart from honorary appointments, no new admirals of the fleet have been named since 1995, and no honorary appointments have been made since 2014.

History

The origins of the rank can be traced back to John Beauchamp, 1st Baron Beauchamp of Warwick, who was appointed 'Admiral of the King's Southern, Northern and Western Fleets' on 18 July 1360. The appointment gave the command of the English navy to one person for the first time; this evolved into the post of admiral of the fleet. In the days of sailing ships the admiral distinctions then used by the Royal Navy included distinctions related to the fleet being divided into three divisions – red, white, or blue. Each division was assigned at least one admiral, who in turn commanded a number of vice-admirals and rear admirals. While the full admirals were nominally equals, tradition gave precedence to the admiral of the white who held the fleet rank in addition to his substantive role.

Eighteenth and nineteenth centuries

The Restoration era brought a general reorganisation of naval ranks and structure, including formalisation of the admiral of the fleet role. In a break with tradition the rank was awarded to the most senior admiral of the red, who retained this substantive rank while also serving as admiral of the Fleet. Appointments were for life, remunerated via a £5 daily stipend and an annual allowance of £1,014 for the hiring and maintenance of servants. It was intended that only one officer would hold the rank at any time, with their presence aboard any naval vessel to be denoted by the flying of the Royal Standard from the main mast.

The ranks of admiral of the Fleet and admiral of the red were formally separated from 1805, with an announcement in the London Gazette that "His Majesty [has] been pleased to order the Rank of Admirals of the Red to be restored" in His Majesty's Navy..." as a separate role. The same Gazette promoted 22 men to that rank. From the nineteenth century onward there were also occasional variations to the previous requirement that only one admiral of Fleet could serve at one time. In 1821 George IV appointed Sir John Jervis as a second admiral of the fleet, to balance the Duke of Wellingtons promotion as a second Field Marshal in the British Army. In 1830 King William IV increased the number of admirals of the fleet to three, though these additional lifetime postings subsequently lapsed. Between 1854 and 1857 there was no admiral of the fleet at all as the most senior naval officer of the time Admiral of the Red Thomas Le Marchant Gosselin was mentally ill and had not served at sea for forty-five years. In deference to Gosselin's seniority, the position was instead left vacant until his death in 1857, whereupon it was filled by Admiral Sir Charles Ogle.

Twentieth century

The organisation of the British fleet into coloured squadrons was abandoned in 1864, though the rank of admiral of the fleet was maintained. The title of First Naval Lord was renamed First Sea Lord in 1904.

During the two World Wars a number of serving officers held active commissions as admirals of the fleet, as well as the First Sea Lorde.g. Sir John Tovey.

Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, was created an admiral of the fleet in the Royal New Zealand Navy in 1954, following the coronation of his wife Elizabeth II as Queen. This promotion was to a New Zealand rank, separate from the Royal Navy rank.

Following the creation of the Chief of the Defence Staff in 1959, the five naval officers appointed to that position became admirals of the fleet. Recognizing the reduced post–Cold War size of the British Armed Forces, no further appointments were made to the rank after 1995 when Sir Benjamin Bathurst was appointed admiral of the fleet on his retirement as First Sea Lord. The rank was not abolished and in 2012 the Prince of Wales (now King Charles III) became an honorary admiral of the fleet (as well as field marshal and marshal of the Royal Air Force), in recognition of his support to Queen Elizabeth II in her role of as Commander-in-Chief of the British Armed Forces. In 2014, Lord Boyce, a former First Sea Lord and Chief of the Defence Staff, was also appointed an honorary admiral of the fleet.

Admirals of the Fleet

Appointed
Image
Name
Born
Died
Notes
Reference
	[[File:George Legge, 1st Baron Dartmouth by John Riley.jpg	100px]]
(later The Lord Dartmouth)	1647	1691
	[[File:Gibson, Edward Russell.jpg	100px]]
(later The Earl of Orford)	1652	1727
	[[File:George Rooke2.jpg	100px]]		1650	1709	circa
	[[File:Sir Cloudesley Shovell 1650-1707.jpg	100px]]		1650	1707
	[[File:John Leake by Godfrey Kneller.jpg	100px]]	Sir John Leake]]	1656	1720
	[[File:Stafford Fairborne.jpg	100px]]	Sir Stafford Fairborne]]	1666	1742	circa
	[[File:MatthewAylmer.jpg	100px]]	Sir Matthew Aylmer]]
(later The Lord Aylmer)	1650	1720
	[[File:George Byng, 1st Viscount Torrington by Jeremiah Davison.jpg	100px]]	Sir George Byng]]
(later The Viscount Torrington)	1663	1733
	[[File:Admiral Sir John Norris, cirka 1735.jpg	100px]]	Sir John Norris]]	1670	1749
	[[File:Chaloner Ogle.JPG	100px]]	Sir Chaloner Ogle]]	1681	1750
	[[File:No image.svg	100px]]	James Steuart]]	1690	1757
	[[File:No image.svg	100px]]	George Clinton]]	1686	1761
	[[File:1stLordAnson.jpg	100px]]	The Lord Anson]]	1697	1762
	[[File:Williamrowley.jpg	100px]]	Sir William Rowley]]	1690	1768	circa
	[[File:Edward Hawke 1.jpg	100px]]	Sir Edward Hawke]]
(later The Lord Hawke)	1705	1781
	[[File:John Forbes portrait.jpg	100px]]	John Forbes]]	1714	1796
	[[File:Admiral Richard Howe, 1726-99, 1st Earl Howe RMG BHC2790.tiff	100px]]	The Earl Howe]]	1726	1799
	[[File:Sir peter parker NMM.JPG	100px]]	Sir Peter Parker, Bt.]]	1721	1811
	[[File: William IV in 1833 by Shee cropped.jpg	100px]]	King William IV]]	1765	1837	Lord High Admiral of the United Kingdom 1827–1828
appointed at that time as The Duke of Clarence and St Andrews
	[[File:John Jervis, Earl of St Vincent by Francis Cotes.jpg	100px]]	The Earl of St Vincent]]	1735	1823	acting from May 1814
	[[File:Captain William Peere Williams.jpg	100px]]	William Williams-Freeman]]	1742	1832
	[[File:James Gambier, 1st Baron Gambier by Joseph Slater.jpg	100px]]	The Lord Gambier]]	1756	1833		issue=18709	page=1539	date=23 July 1830	nolink=y}}
	[[File:Captain Charles Morice Pole, by John Francis Rigaud.jpg	100px]]	Sir Charles Pole, Bt.]]	1757	1830
	[[File:Admiral of the Fleet Sir Charles Edmund Nugent.JPG	100px]]	Sir Charles Nugent]]	1759	1844
	[[File:HawkinsWhitshed.jpg	100px]]	Sir James Hawkins-Whitshed]]	1762	1849
	[[File:Admiral Sir George Martin.jpg	100px]]	Sir George Martin]]	1764	1847
	[[File:Thomas Mackay - Portrait of Sir Thomas Byam Martin (1773-1854).jpg	100px]]	Sir Thomas Byam Martin]]	1773	1854
	[[File:Sir George Cockburn.jpg	100px]]	Sir George Cockburn]]
(later the Cockburn Baronet)	1772	1853
	[[File:Admiral Sir Charles Ogle, Bart - Amiral sir Charles Ogle, Bart.jpg	100px]]	Sir Charles Ogle, Bt.]]	1775	1858
	[[File:Admiral of the Fleet Sir John West.JPG	100px]]	Sir John West]]	1774	1862
	[[File:No image.svg	100px]]	Sir William Gage]]	1777	1864
	[[File:No image.svg	100px]]	Sir Graham Hamond, Bt.]]	1779	1862
	[[File:FrancisAusten.jpg	100px]]	Sir Francis Austen]]	1774	1865
	[[File:Admiral Sir William Parker.jpg	100px]]	Sir William Parker, Bt.]]	1781	1866
	[[File:No image.svg	100px]]	Sir Lucius Curtis]]	1786	1869
	[[File:Thomas-john-cochrane.jpg	100px]]	Sir Thomas Cochrane]]	1789	1872
	[[File:George Francis Seymour.jpg	100px]]	Sir George Seymour]]	1787	1870
	[[File:Rear Admiral James Alexander Gordon.jpg	100px]]	Sir James Gordon]]	1782	1869	On the Reserved List
	[[File:Admiral of the Fleet Sir William Bowles.JPG	100px]]	Sir William Bowles]]	1780	1869
	[[File:Almirante Sartorius (1858) - Almeida Santos (Museu de Angra do Heroísmo, Inv. MAH.R.2006.0001).png	100px]]	Sir George Sartorius]]	1790	1885
	[[File:Sir Fairfax Moresby.jpg	100px]]	Sir Fairfax Moresby]]	1786	1877
	[[File:Admiral of the Fleet Sir Houston Stewart.JPG	100px]]	Sir Houston Stewart]]	1791	1875
	[[File:Provo Wallis.jpg	100px]]	Sir Provo Wallis]]	1791	1892
	[[File:Rear-Admiral Henry John Codrington (1808-1877), by Cato Lowes Dickinson.jpg	100px]]	Sir Henry Codrington]]	1808	1877
	[[File:Admiral of the Fleet Sir Henry Keppel.jpg	100px]]	Sir Henry Keppel]]	1809	1904
	[[File:Thomas Maitland, 11th Earl of Lauderdale - Chusan conference 1840 (cropped).jpg	100px]]	The Earl of Lauderdale]]	1803	1878		issue=24537	page=2	date=1 January 1878	nolink=y}}
	[[File:Admiral of the Fleet Sir George Rodney Mundy.JPG	100px]]	Sir Rodney Mundy]]	1805	1884
	[[File:Rear Admiral Sir James Hope (1808–1881).jpg	100px]]	Sir James Hope]]	1808	1881		issue=24734	page=3967	date=17 June 1879	nolink=y}}
	[[File:No image.svg	100px]]	Sir Thomas Symonds]]	1813	1894
	[[File:Admiral Alexander Milne (1808-1896), by Walter William Ouless.jpg	100px]]	Sir Alexander Milne, Bt.]]	1806	1896	On the Retired List
	[[File:No image.svg	100px]]	Sir Charles Elliot]]	1818	1895
	[[File:Ryderpic.jpg	100px]]	Sir Alfred Ryder]]	1820	1888
	[[File:Edward VII in coronation robes.jpg	100px]]	King Edward VII]]	1841	1910	Honorary appointment to non-Navy royalty and at that time The Prince of Wales
	[[File:Geoffrey Phipps Hornby.jpg	100px]]	Sir Geoffrey Hornby]]	1825	1895
	[[File:Lordjohnhay.jpg	100px]]	Lord John Hay]]	1827	1916	First Naval Lord 1886
	[[File:Rudolf Wimmer - Wilhelm II, Emperor of Germany, 1891.jpg	100px]]	Emperor William II]]	1859	1941	Honorary, to foreign royalty
	[[File:VCJohnEdmundCommerell.jpg	100px]]	Sir John Commerell]]	1829	1901
	[[File:Alfred-sachsen-coburg-gotha.jpg	100px]]	The Duke of Edinburgh]]
(later The Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha)	1844	1900
	[[File:Richard Meade, 4th Earl of Clanwilliam.jpg	100px]]	The Earl of Clanwilliam]]	1832	1907
	[[File:Algernon McLennan Lyons.JPG	100px]]	Sir Algernon Lyons]]	1833	1908
	[[File:Admiral Frederick Richards, by Arthur Stockdale Cope.jpg	100px]]	Sir Frederick Richards]]	1833	1912	First Naval Lord 1893–1899
	[[File:Nowell Salmon VC.JPG	100px]]	Sir Nowell Salmon]]	1835	1912
	[[File:James Elphinstone Erskine.jpg	100px]]	Sir James Erskine]]	1838	1911
	[[File:Charles Frederick Hotham.jpg	100px]]	Sir Charles Hotham]]	1843	1925
	[[File:LordWalterKerr.jpg	100px]]	Kerr WalterLord Walter Kerr	1839	1927	First Sea Lord 1899–1904
	[[File:Sir Edward H. Seymour 2.jpg	100px]]	Sir Edward Seymour]]	1840	1929
	[[File:Adm. John Fisher.jpg	100px]]	Sir John Fisher]]
(later The Lord Fisher)	1841	1920	First Sea Lord 1905–1910 and 1914–1915
	[[File:Awilson.gif	100px]]	Sir Arthur Wilson]]	1842	1921	First Sea Lord 1910–1911
	[[File:Nicolas II de russie.jpg	100px]]	Tsar Nicholas II of Russia]]	1868	1918	Honorary, to foreign royalty
	[[File:Gerard Noel.png	100px]]	Sir Gerard Noel]]	1845	1918
	[[File:Prinz Heinrich - as GrADM with baton - LC-B2- 2992-2(2).tiff	100px]]	Prince Henry of Prussia]]	1862	1929	Honorary, to foreign royalty
	[[File:Adm. Sir A. Fanshawe (LOC).jpg	100px]]	Sir Arthur Fanshawe]]	1847	1936
	[[File:King George V 1911 color-crop.jpg	100px]] George V	King George V	1865	1936
	[[File:Portrait of William May.jpg	100px]]	Sir William May]]	1849	1930
	[[File:Hedworth Meux 1915.jpg	100px]]	Sir Hedworth Meux]]	1856	1929
	[[File:George Callaghan - Project Gutenberg eText 18334.jpg	100px]]	Sir George Callaghan]]	1852	1920
	[[File:John Jellicoe, Admiral of the Fleet.jpg	100px]]	The Viscount Jellicoe]]
(later The Earl Jellicoe)	1859	1935	First Sea Lord 1916–1918
	[[File:Vice Admiral Sir David Beatty.jpg	100px]]	Sir David Beatty]]
(later The Earl Beatty)	1871	1936	First Sea Lord 1919–1927
	[[File:Gws jackson 01.jpg	100px]]	Sir Henry Jackson]]	1855	1929	First Sea Lord 1915–1916
	[[File:Rosslyn Erskine Wemyss, Baron Wester Wemyss by Sir William Orpen.jpg	100px]]	Sir Rosslyn Wemyss]]
(later The Lord Wester Wemyss)	1864	1933	First Sea Lord 1918–1919
	[[File:Vice Admiral Cecil Burney (7307714298).jpg	100px]]	Sir Cecil Burney]]
(later the Burney baronet)	1858	1929
	[[File:Frederick Doveton Sturdee.jpg	100px]]	Sir Doveton Sturdee, Bt.]]	1859	1925
	[[File:LudwigBattenberg.jpg	100px]]	The Marquess of Milford Haven]]	1854	1921	First Sea Lord 1912–1914. On the Retired List
	[[File:Charles Madden.jpg	100px]]	Sir Charles Madden, Bt.]]	1862	1935	First Sea Lord 1927–1930
	[[File:Admiral Sir Somerset Gough-Calthorpe (1922).jpg	100px]]	Sir Somerset Gough-Calthorpe]]	1864	1937
	[[File:John Michael de Robeck.jpg	100px]]	Sir John de Robeck, Bt.]]	1862	1928
	[[File:Vice-admiral Sir Henry Francis Oliver, Kcb, Mvo Art.IWMART1763.jpg	100px]]	Sir Henry Oliver]]	1865	1965
	[[File:Rear-admiral Osmond de Beauvoir Brock Cb Cmg Art.IWMART1722.jpg	100px]]	Sir Osmond Brock]]	1869	1947
	[[File:Sir Roger Keyes.jpg	100px]]	Sir Roger Keyes, Bt.]]
(later The Lord Keyes)	1872	1945
	[[File:Frederick Field (Royal Navy officer).jpg	100px]]	Sir Frederick Field]]	1871	1945	First Sea Lord 1930–1933
	[[File:ReginaldTyrwhittportraitbyDodd.jpg	100px]]	Sir Reginald Tyrwhitt, Bt.]]	1870	1951
	[[File:Echatfield.jpg	100px]]	Sir Ernle Chatfield]]
(later The Lord Chatfield)	1873	1967	First Sea Lord 1933–1938
	[[File:Edward Prince of Wales during his visit to Canada in 1919.jpg	100px]]	Edward VIIIKing Edward VIII	1894	1972
		Sir John Kelly]]	1871	1936
	[[File:Georg VI England.jpg	100px]]	George VIKing George VI	1895	1952
	[[File:William Boyle.jpg	100px]]	The Earl of Cork and Orrery]]	1873	1967
	[[File:Rbackhouse.jpg	100px]]	Sir Roger Backhouse]]	1878	1939	First Sea Lord 1938–1939. On the Retired List	Order in Council of 3 July 1939
	[[File:SirDudleyPound.jpg	100px]]	Sir Dudley Pound]]	1877	1943	First Sea Lord 1939–1943
	[[File:Charlesforbes1.JPG	100px]]	Sir Charles Forbes]]	1880	1960
	[[File:Andrew Cunningham.jpg	100px]]	Sir Andrew Cunningham]]
(later The Viscount Cunningham of Hyndhope)	1883	1963	First Sea Lord 1943–1946
	[[File:Tovey-TR 002931.jpg	100px]]	Sir John Tovey]]
(later The Lord Tovey)	1885	1971
	[[File:INF3-77 pt8 Admiral Sir James Somerville.jpg	100px]]	Sir James Somerville]]	1882	1949
	[[File:INF3-76 pt3 Admiral Sir John Cunningham Artist Tim.jpg	100px]]	Sir John Cunningham]]	1885	1965	First Sea Lord 1946–1948
	[[File:BruceFraser.JPG	100px]]	The Lord Fraser of North Cape]]	1888	1981	First Sea Lord 1948–1951
	[[File:Admiral Sir Algernon Willis (1889–1976).jpg	100px]]	Sir Algernon Willis]]	1889	1976
	[[File:Sir Arthur John Power, 9 December 1944 IWM A 26998.jpg	100px]]	Sir Arthur Power]]	1889	1960
	[[File:Philip Louis Vian.png	100px]]	Sir Philip Vian]]	1894	1968
	[[File:Prince Philip of Edinburgh.jpg	100px]]	The Duke of Edinburgh]]	1921	2021	Lord High Admiral of the United Kingdom 2011–2021
	[[File:Admiral Jerauld Wright and Admiral of the Fleet Sir Rhoderick McGrigor (cropped).jpg	100px]]	Sir Rhoderick McGrigor]]	1893	1959	First Sea Lord 1951–1955
	[[File:Rear Admiral George Creasy TR2627.jpg	100px]]	Sir George Creasy]]	1895	1972
	[[File:Lord Mountbatten Naval in colour Allan Warren.jpg	100px]]	The Earl Mountbatten of Burma]]	1900	1979	First Sea Lord 1955–1959
Chief of the Defence Staff 1959–1965
		Sir Charles Lambe]]	1900	1960	First Sea Lord 1959–1960
		Sir Caspar John]]	1903	1984	First Sea Lord 1960–1963
		Sir Varyl Begg]]	1908	1995	First Sea Lord 1966–1968
		Sir Michael Le Fanu]]	1913	1970	First Sea Lord 1968–1970
	[[File:Peter Hill-Norton (cropped).jpg	100px]]	Sir Peter Hill-Norton]]
(later The Lord Hill-Norton)	1915	2004	First Sea Lord 1970–1971
Chief of the Defence Staff 1971–1973
	[[File:Michael Pollock.jpg	100px]]	Sir Michael Pollock]]	1916	2006	First Sea Lord 1971–1974
		Sir Edward Ashmore]]	1919	2016	First Sea Lord 1974–1977
Chief of the Defence Staff 1977
		Sir Terence Lewin]]
(later The Lord Lewin)	1920	1999	First Sea Lord 1977–1979
Chief of the Defence Staff 1979–1982
		Sir Henry Leach]]	1923	2011	First Sea Lord 1979–1982
	[[File:Bust of Lord Fieldhouse (cropped).jpg	100px]]	Sir John Fieldhouse]]
(later The Lord Fieldhouse)	1928	1992	First Sea Lord 1982–1985
Chief of the Defence Staff 1985–1988
	[[File:Olav V of Norway.jpg	100px]]	King Olav V of Norway	1903	1991	Honorary, to foreign royalty
		Sir William Staveley]]	1928	1997	First Sea Lord 1985–1989
		Sir Julian Oswald]]	1933	2011	First Sea Lord 1989–1993
		Sir Benjamin Bathurst]]	1936	2025	First Sea Lord 1993–1995
	[[File:Charles III (Cenotaph 2024) 1.33 crop.jpg	100px]]	King Charles III]]	1948	Living	Lord High Admiral of the United Kingdom since 2022
Honorary appointment and at that time The Prince of Wales
Assumed the rank in full capacity on the day following accession to the throne. (Ex officio)
	[[File:Lord Boyce.jpg	100px]]	The Lord Boyce]]	1943	2022	First Sea Lord 1998–2001
Chief of the Defence Staff 2001–2003. Honorary rank

References

Sources

References

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{{cite DNB
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