Addis Ababa University

History

The origins of AAU are a two-year college established on 20 March 1950 by the Jesuit Lucien Matte, at the appeal of His Majesty Emperor Haile Selassie I. It began operations the following year. Over the following two years an affiliation with the University of London and University of Oxford was developed. Africans from various parts of the continent would receive free scholarships through programs subsidized by the Organisation of African Unity for higher learning. AAU was also known for sending its students abroad for an extended interpersonal educational experience, and having those students return with the exemplary standards of the international community.

The nucleus of AAU was formed with the establishment of the University College of Addis Ababa (UCAA) in 1950. UCAA, which initially consisted of the Faculties of Arts and Science, became a fully fledged college when it was chartered in 1954. In 1955, the Building College was opened. In February 1961, these various colleges and the Theological College were brought together to form the Haile Selassie University. Emperor Haile Selassie I gave his Guenete Leul Palace to serve as the administration building and main campus. He had abandoned the palace, where a number of his ministers and favorites were killed in the wake of the abortive coup d'état in 1960, in favor of the new Jubilee Palace. Following the 1974 revolution, the university was briefly renamed University of Ethiopia (National University) before it came to assume its present name, AAU, in 1975. In the wake of the revolution, AAU was closed for two years and students and staff were drafted into what was known as the Development through Cooperation Campaign (zemecha), designed to raise the awareness of the rural population in the spirit of the revolution. The university offered its first Master's programs in 1979 and its first PhD programs in 1987.

Administration

Until 1974 the charter provided for a governance structure in the following descending order or authority: Chancellor (the Emperor himself); the Board of Governors, composed of ministers and members of the royal family; and the Faculty Council, made up of the university officers, deans, directors and elected members. The Faculty later became the Senate. In 1977, Duri Mohammed was appointed president of AAU. Under his leadership the academy was preserved and even saw its resurgence despite the turbulent times amid the Ethiopian inserruction. The AAU also lost its relative autonomy when it was brought under the Commission for Higher Education, which came to exercise administrative jurisdiction over all institutions of higher learning. In 1993, AAU was placed under the Ministry of Education by a government proclamation. The incoming transitional government appointed Duri Mohammed as president once again, and a purging of 42 staff members which included Asrat Woldeyes and former president Alemayehu Teferra ensued.

Influence

Over and above their academic pursuits, AAU students have been actively engaged in community service (such as conducting literacy programs) and political struggle, particularly in the years before the 1974 revolution. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, students were required to do a year of national service under the Ethiopia University Service program. University teachers and students were instrumental in exposing the hidden 1973 famine and launching the first famine relief program. The Ethiopian Student Movement, of which the university was the birthplace and main venue, played a pivotal role in bringing about the revolution. Almost all leaders of the political organizations that were active in the revolutionary years or are in power now had their political formation inside the university. In 2013/2014, there were 33,940 undergraduate students, 13,000 graduate students, and 1,733 PhD students, making a total student body of 48,673.

Campuses and colleges

Colleges

• College of Biological Engineering
• College of Social Sciences
• College of Humanities, Language Studies, Journalism and communication
• College of Development Studies
• College of Business and Economics
• College of Law and Governance Studies
• College of Education and Behavioral Studies
• College of Natural and Computational Sciences
• Skunder Boghossian College of Performing and Visual Arts
• College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture
• College of Health Science

Research and teaching institutes

• Academy of Ethiopian Languages and Cultures
• Addis Ababa Institute of Technology
• Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology
• Ethiopian Institute of Architecture, Building Construction and City Development
• Ethiopian Institute of Water Resources
• Institute of Biotechnology
• Institute of Educational Research
• Institute of Ethiopian Studies
• Institute of Geophysics, Space Science and Astronomy
• Institute of Peace and Security Studies
• Horn of Africa Regional Center and Environment Network
• Institute of Development and Policy Research/IDPR/

Schools

• Alle School of Fine Arts and Design
• School of Allied Health Sciences
• School of Commerce
• School of Earth Sciences
• School of Information Science
• School of Journalism and Communications
• School of Medicine
• School of Pharmacy
• School of Public health
• School of Social Work
• Yared School of Music
• Yoftahe Nigussie School of Theatrical Arts

Notable dropouts

• Isaias Afwerki abandoned his studies in 1966 and traveled to Kassala, Sudan to join the Eritrean Liberation Front.
• Meles Zenawi left the university in 1975 to join the Tigray People's Liberation Front and fight against the Derg (the Mengistu Haile Mariam-led military government in Ethiopia).

Notable alumni

Politicians

• Hailemariam Desalegn
• Abiy Ahmed
• Rupiah Banda
• Mustafa Mohoumed Omer
• Ali Abdo

Businesspeople

Physicists

• Mulugeta Bekele

Historians

• Taddesse Tamrat
• Kinfe Abraham
• Merid Wolde Aregay
• Bahru Zewde
• Mohammed Hassen

Biologists

• Tewolde Berhan Gebre Egziabher
• Legesse Wolde-Yohannes
• Sebsebe Demissew
• Segenet Kelemu
• Masresha Fetene

Engineers

• Simegnew Bekele

Chemists

• Sinknesh Ejigu

Linguists

• Azeb Amha

Pharmacologists

• Eleni Aklillu

Anthropologists

• Berhane Asfaw
• Yohannes Haile-Selassie
• Zeresenay Alemseged

Artists

• Kidist Hailu Degaffe

Authors

• Hama Tuma
• Sebhat Gebre-Egziabher
• Baalu Girma
• Bewketu Seyoum

Economists

• Duri Mohammed
• Berhanu Nega

Judges

• Kemal Bedri

Lawyers

• Goshu Wolde
• Meaza Ashenafi
• Daniel Bekele
• Birtukan Mideksa
• Getachew Reda
• Abiye Teklemariam
• Awol Allo

Linguists

• Azeb Amha
• Hirut Woldemariam

Physicians

• Lia Tadesse

References

References

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2. (28 December 2013). "AAU at a glance". Addis Ababa University.
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5. (1980). "Three Decades of University Education". Addis Ababa University.
6. Haile, Fisseha. "Addis Ababa University: a Study of an Institution 1961–1981". PICES.
7. Semru, Mulugeta. "The Development of Higher Education in Ethioipa". PICES.
8. Balsvik, Randi Rønning. (2009). "Addis Ababa University in the Shadow of the Derg, 1974-1991". Proceedings of the 16th International Conference of Ethiopian Studies.
9. Wagaw, Teshome. (1990). "The Development of Higher Education and Social Change, an Ethiopian Experience". Michigan State University Press.
10. (2020). "Report of the Addis Ababa University Revitalization Study Committee". Ethiopian Ministry of Education.
11. "AAU Leadership".
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13. (24 July 2018). "42 University instructors dismissed on political grounds to be reinstated". borkena.
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15. (29 June 2023). "QS World University Rankings: Addis Ababa University".
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17. (8 March 2022). "ISAIAS AFWERKI (1946- )".
18. "Aklillu Eleni".