Acinar cell carcinoma of the pancreas

Signs and symptoms

The disease is more common in men than women and the average age at diagnosis is about 60. Symptoms are often non-specific and include weight loss. A classic presentation, found in around 15% of cases includes subcutaneous nodules (due to fat necrosis) and arthralgias, caused by a release of lipase.

Pathology

ACC is associated with increased serum lipase and manifests in the classic presentation known as the Schmid triad (subcutaneous fat necrosis, polyarthritis, eosinophilia).

ACC are typically large, up to 10 cm, and soft compared to pancreatic adenocarcinoma, lacking its dense stroma. They can arise in any part of the pancreas.

Histomorphologically, the tumour resembles the cells of the pancreatic acini and, typically, have moderate granular cytoplasm that stain with both PAS and PASD.

Diagnosis

Light microscopy of an acinar cell carcinoma biopsy typically shows granular appearance. Immunohistochemistry is usually positive for trypsin, chymotrypsin and lipase. On genetic testing, altered genes/proteins are typically found for p53, SMAD4, APC, ARID1A and GNAS.

Treatment

Surgery is recognized as the best therapeutic option for ACCs that are locally limited and resectable. In cases when surgery is not an option, more aggressive treatment plans for metastatic and locally advanced diseases must be looked for. The effectiveness of adjuvant therapy is still up for debate because of the rarity of ACC and the lack of adequate randomized trials comparing various treatment modalities.

References

References

1. Tobias Jeffrey S., [[Daniel Hochhauser. Hochhauser, Daniel]], ''Cancer and its Management'', p. 276, 2010 (6th edn), {{ISBN. 1118713257, 9781118713259
2. Von Hoff": Daniel D. Von Hoff, Douglas Brian Evans, Ralph H. Hruban, eds. ''Pancreatic Cancer'', 2005, Jones & Bartlett Learning, {{ISBN. 0763721786, 9780763721787
3. (Feb 2010). "[A case of acinar cell carcinoma of pancreas, manifested by subcutaneous nodule as initial clinical symptom]". Korean J Gastroenterol.
4. (Sep 1992). "Acinar cell carcinoma of the pancreas. A clinicopathologic study of 28 cases". Am J Surg Pathol.
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7. (2022-10-21). "Pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma: A comprehensive review". Baishideng Publishing Group Inc..