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Acid phosphatase

Class of enzymes

Summary

Class of enzymes

Field	Value
Name	acid phosphatase
AltNames	acid phosphomonoesterase, phosphomonoesterase, glycerophosphatase, acid monophosphatase, acid phosphohydrolase, acid phosphomonoester hydrolase, uteroferrin, acid nucleoside diphosphate phosphatase, orthophosphoric-monoester phosphohydrolase (acid optimum)
EC_number	3.1.3.2
CAS_number	9001-77-8
image	1cvi.jpg
width	270
caption	Acid phosphatase tetramer, Human prostate gland

Acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2, systematic name phosphate-monoester phosphohydrolase (acid optimum)) is an enzyme that frees attached phosphoryl groups from other molecules during digestion. It can be further classified as a phosphomonoesterase. It is stored in lysosomes and functions when these fuse with endosomes, which are acidified while they function; therefore, it has an acid pH optimum. This enzyme is present in many animal and plant species.

Different forms of acid phosphatase are found in different organs, and their serum levels are used to evaluate the success of the surgical treatment of prostate cancer. In the past, they were also used to diagnose this type of cancer.

It is also used as a cytogenetic marker to distinguish the two different lineages of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) : B-ALL (a leukemia of B lymphocytes) is acid-phosphatase negative, T-ALL (originating instead from T Lymphocytes) is acid-phosphatase positive.

[[Reference ranges for blood tests]], showing acid phosphatase in red at left.

Acid phosphatase catalyzes the following reaction at an optimal acidic pH (below 7):

: a phosphate monoester + H2O = an alcohol + phosphate

Phosphatase enzymes are also used by soil microorganisms to access organically bound phosphate nutrients. An assay on the rates of activity of these enzymes may be used to ascertain biological demand for phosphates in the soil.

Some plant roots, especially cluster roots, exude carboxylates that perform acid phosphatase activity, helping to mobilise phosphorus in nutrient-deficient soils.

Certain bacteria, such as Nocardia, can degrade this enzyme and utilize it as a carbon source.

Bone acid phosphatase

Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase may be used as a biochemical marker of osteoclast function during the process of bone resorption.

Genes

The following genes encode the polypeptide components for various acid phosphatase isoenzymes:

ACP1
ACP2
ACPP (ACP3), prostatic acid phosphatase
ACP5, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase
ACP6
ACPT, testicular acid phosphatase
Tissue acid phosphatase, or lysosomal acid phosphatase

References

(October 1979). "Acid phosphatase". The Urologic Clinics of North America.
(April 2002). "Acid phosphatases". Molecular Pathology.
(May 1982). "Bone acid phosphatase: tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase as a marker of osteoclast function". Calcified Tissue International.

Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

ec-3.1.3.2 biochemistry

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