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Academy Award for Best Director

Category of film award

Category of film award

FieldValue
nameAcademy Award for Best Director
imageSean Baker at the 2024 Toronto International Film Festival (cropped).jpg
captionThe 2025 recipient: Sean Baker
awarded_forExcellence in Cinematic Direction Achievement
presenterAcademy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS)
countryUnited States
year(for films released during the 1927/1928 film season)
holder_labelMost recent winner
holderSean Baker, Anora (2024)
most_awardsJohn Ford (4)
most_nominationsWilliam Wyler (12)
website

The Academy Award for Best Director (officially known as the Academy Award of Merit for Directing) is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). It is given in honor of a film director who has exhibited outstanding directing while working in the film industry.

The 1st Academy Awards ceremony was held in 1929 with the award being split into "Dramatic" and "Comedy" categories; Frank Borzage and Lewis Milestone won for 7th Heaven and Two Arabian Knights, respectively. However, these categories were merged for all subsequent ceremonies. Nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the directors branch of AMPAS; winners are selected by a plurality vote from the entire eligible voting members of the academy.

For the first eleven years of the Academy Awards, directors were allowed to be nominated for multiple films in the same year. However, after the nomination of Michael Curtiz for two films, Angels with Dirty Faces and Four Daughters, at the 11th Academy Awards, the rules were revised so that an individual could only be nominated for one film at each ceremony. That rule has since been amended, although the only director who has received multiple nominations in the same year was Steven Soderbergh for Erin Brockovich and Traffic in 2000, winning the award for the latter.

The Academy Awards for Best Director and Best Picture have been very closely linked throughout their history. Of the 91 films that won Best Picture and were also nominated for Best Director, 70 won the award. The award has been criticised in recent years for failing to recognise female directors. Of the 260 individual directors nominated in the history of the award, only 9 have been women, with only 2 women having been nominated more than once (compared to 101 men), and only 3 of the 76 individual winners have been women.

Since its inception, the award has been given to 74 different directors or directing teams. As of the 97th Academy Awards ceremony, American filmmaker Sean Baker is the most recent winner in this category for his work on Anora.

Winners and nominees

In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of film release in Los Angeles County, California; the ceremonies are always held the following year. For the first five ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned twelve months from August 1 to July 31. For the 6th ceremony held in 1934, the eligibility period lasted from August 1, 1932, to December 31, 1933. Since the 7th ceremony held in 1935, the period of eligibility became the full previous calendar year from January 1 to December 31.

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1920s

YearDirector(s)FilmRef.1927/28
(1st)1928/29
(2nd)
(Dramatic Picture)*7th Heaven*
(Dramatic Picture)Sorrell and Son
(Dramatic Picture)**
(Comedy Picture)*Two Arabian Knights*
(Comedy Picture)Speedy
(Comedy Picture)The Circus
**********
Madame X
In Old Arizona
Drag
Weary River
**

1930s

YearDirector(s)FilmRef.1929/30
(3rd)1930/31
(4th)1931/32
(5th)1932/33
(6th)1934
(7th)1935
(8th)1936
(9th)1937
(10th)1938
(11th)1939
(12th)
*****All Quiet on the Western Front*
Anna Christie
Romance
**
**
Hallelujah!
*****Skippy*
**
**
Cimarron
Morocco
*****Bad Girl*
**
Shanghai Express
*****Cavalcade*
Lady for a Day
Little Women
*****It Happened One Night*
One Night of Love
**
**********
**
Mutiny on the Bounty
(Write-in)Captain Blood
*****Mr. Deeds Goes to Town*
My Man Godfrey
**
San Francisco
Dodsworth
**********
**
**
Stage Door
**
*****You Can't Take It with You*
Angels with Dirty Faces
Four Daughters
Boys Town
**
*****Gone with the Wind*
Mr. Smith Goes to Washington
Stagecoach
Goodbye, Mr. Chips
Wuthering Heights

1940s

YearDirector(s)FilmRef.1940
(13th)1941
(14th)1942
(15th)1943
(16th)1944
(17th)1945
(18th)1946
(19th)1947
(20th)1948
(21st)1949
(22nd)
**********
**
Rebecca
Kitty Foyle
**
*****How Green Was My Valley*
Here Comes Mr. Jordan
Sergeant York
Citizen Kane
**
*****Mrs. Miniver*
Yankee Doodle Dandy
Wake Island
Random Harvest
Kings Row
*****Casablanca*
**
**
Heaven Can Wait
**
*****Going My Way*
Lifeboat
Wilson
Laura
Double Indemnity
**********
National Velvet
Spellbound
**
**
**********
**
It's a Wonderful Life
Brief Encounter
**
*****Gentleman's Agreement*
Crossfire
Great Expectations
********
Johnny Belinda
Hamlet
********
All the King's Men
Battleground

1950s

YearDirector(s)FilmRef.1950
(23rd)1951
(24th)1952
(25th)1953
(26th)1954
(27th)1955
(28th)1956
(29th)1957
(30th)1958
(31st)1959
(32nd)
*****All About Eve*
Born Yesterday
Sunset Boulevard
********
Detective Story
********
Moulin Rouge
5 Fingers
High Noon
*****From Here to Eternity*
Shane
Lili
Stalag 17
Roman Holiday
*****On the Waterfront*
Rear Window
Sabrina
*****Marty*
East of Eden
Summertime
Picnic
Bad Day at Black Rock
*****Giant*
Around the World in 80 Days
War and Peace
Friendly Persuasion
********
Sayonara
12 Angry Men
Peyton Place
Witness for the Prosecution
*****Gigi*
Cat on a Hot Tin Roof
I Want to Live!
*****Ben-Hur*
Room at the Top
Some Like It Hot

1960s

YearDirector(s)FilmRef.1960
(33rd)1961
(34th)1962
(35th)1963
(36th)1964
(37th)1965
(38th)1966
(39th)1967
(40th)1968
(41st)1969
(42nd)
********
Sons and Lovers
Never on Sunday
Psycho
& *West Side Story*
La Dolce Vita
Judgment at Nuremberg
*****Lawrence of Arabia*
Divorce Italian Style
To Kill a Mockingbird
David and Lisa
*****Tom Jones*
8½
America America
Hud
*****My Fair Lady*
Zorba the Greek
Becket
Dr. Strangelove
Mary Poppins
********
Doctor Zhivago
Darling
********
Blowup
Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?
********
In Cold Blood
In the Heat of the Night
Guess Who's Coming to Dinner
Bonnie and Clyde
*****Oliver!*
2001: A Space Odyssey
Romeo and Juliet
*****Midnight Cowboy*
Z
Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid
Alice's Restaurant
They Shoot Horses, Don't They?

1970s

YearDirector(s)FilmRef.1970
(43rd)1971
(44th)1972
(45th)1973
(46th)1974
(47th)1975
(48th)1976
(49th)1977
(50th)1978
(51st)1979
(52nd)
*****Patton*
MASH*
Fellini Satyricon
Love Story
Women in Love
********
Fiddler on the Roof
Sunday Bloody Sunday
*****Cabaret*
Deliverance
Sleuth
********
Cries and Whispers
Last Tango in Paris
American Graffiti
********
Lenny
Chinatown
Day for Night
*****One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest*
Nashville
Amarcord
Barry Lyndon
Dog Day Afternoon
*****Rocky*
Face to Face
Network
All the President's Men
Seven Beauties
*****Annie Hall*
Star Wars
Close Encounters of the Third Kind
Julia
********
Interiors
Coming Home
&Heaven Can Wait
Midnight Express
*****Kramer vs. Kramer*
Apocalypse Now
All That Jazz
La Cage aux Folles
Breaking Away

1980s

YearDirector(s)FilmRef.1980
(53rd)1981
(54th)1982
(55th)1983
(56th)1984
(57th)1985
(58th)1986
(59th)1987
(60th)1988
(61st)1989
(62nd)
*****Ordinary People*
Tess
Raging Bull
*****Reds*
Chariots of Fire
Atlantic City
On Golden Pond
Raiders of the Lost Ark
*****Gandhi*
Das Boot
Tootsie
E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial
*****Terms of Endearment*
Tender Mercies
Fanny and Alexander
Silkwood
*****Amadeus*
Broadway Danny Rose
Places in the Heart
*****Out of Africa*
Kiss of the Spider Woman
Prizzi's Honor
Ran
Witness
*****Platoon*
Hannah and Her Sisters
Blue Velvet
********
Hope and Glory
My Life as a Dog
Moonstruck
Fatal Attraction
*****Rain Man*
Working Girl
Mississippi Burning
*****Born on the Fourth of July*
Crimes and Misdemeanors
Henry V
My Left Foot
Dead Poets Society

1990s

YearDirector(s)FilmRef.1990
(63rd)1991
(64th)1992
(65th)1993
(66th)1994
(67th)1995
(68th)1996
(69th)1997
(70th)1998
(71st)1999
(72nd)
*****Dances With Wolves*
Reversal of Fortune
Goodfellas
********
Bugsy
Thelma & Louise
Boyz n the Hood
JFK
*****Unforgiven*
Scent of a Woman
Howards End
*****Schindler's List*
Short Cuts
In the Name of the Father
*****Forrest Gump*
Bullets Over Broadway
Three Colours: Red
Quiz Show
Pulp Fiction
*****Braveheart*
Leaving Las Vegas
Babe
Il Postino: The Postman
Dead Man Walking
********
Fargo
Shine
Secrets & Lies
*****Titanic*
L.A. Confidential
Good Will Hunting
*****Saving Private Ryan*
Life Is Beautiful
Shakespeare in Love
*****American Beauty*
Being John Malkovich

2000s

YearDirector(s)FilmRef.2000
(73rd)2001
(74th)2002
(75th)2003
(76th)2004
(77th)2005
(78th)2006
(79th)2007
(80th)2008
(81st)2009
(82nd)
*****Traffic*
Billy Elliot
Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon
Gladiator
Erin Brockovich
********
Gosford Park
Mulholland Drive
Black Hawk Down
********
Talk to Her
Chicago
Gangs of New York
********
Lost in Translation
Mystic River
City of God
Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World
*****Million Dollar Baby*
Ray
Vera Drake
Sideways
*****Brokeback Mountain*
Good Night, and Good Luck
Crash
Capote
Munich
********
Letters from Iwo Jima
United 93
Babel
*****No Country for Old Men*
There Will Be Blood
Michael Clayton
Juno
*****Slumdog Millionaire*
Frost/Nixon
Milk
********
Avatar
Precious
Up in the Air
Inglourious Basterds

2010s

YearDirector(s)FilmRef.2010
(83rd)2011
(84th)2012
(85th)2013
(86th)2014
(87th)2015
(88th)2016
(89th)2017
(90th)2018
(91st)2019
(92nd)
********
Black Swan
True Grit
********
Midnight in Paris
Hugo
*****Life of Pi*
Amour
Silver Linings Playbook
Lincoln
Beasts of the Southern Wild
*****Gravity*
12 Years a Slave
Nebraska
American Hustle
*****Birdman*
Boyhood
Foxcatcher
*****The Revenant*
Room
Spotlight
Mad Max: Fury Road
*****La La Land*
Hacksaw Ridge
Moonlight
Manchester by the Sea
Arrival
*****The Shape of Water*
Phantom Thread
Lady Bird
Dunkirk
Get Out
*****Roma*
The Favourite
BlacKkKlansman
Vice
Cold War
*****Parasite*
1917
Joker
The Irishman
Once Upon a Time in Hollywood

2020s

YearDirector(s)FilmRef.2020/21
(93rd)2021
(94th)2022
(95th)2023
(96th)2024
(97th)2025
(98th)
********
Minari
Promising Young Woman
Mank
********
Licorice Pizza
Belfast
Drive My Car
West Side Story
********
Todd FieldTár
Martin McDonaghThe Banshees of Inisherin
Ruben ÖstlundTriangle of Sadness
Steven SpielbergThe Fabelmans
********
Jonathan GlazerThe Zone of Interest
Yorgos LanthimosPoor Things
Martin ScorseseKillers of the Flower Moon
Justine TrietAnatomy of a Fall
Sean Baker*Anora*
Jacques AudiardEmilia Pérez
Brady CorbetThe Brutalist
Coralie FargeatThe Substance
James MangoldA Complete Unknown
Paul Thomas AndersonOne Battle After Another
Ryan CooglerSinners
Josh SafdieMarty Supreme
Joachim TrierSentimental Value
Chloé ZhaoHamnet

Multiple wins and nominations

Multiple wins

WinsDirector
John Ford
3Frank Capra
William Wyler
2Frank Borzage
Alfonso Cuarón
Clint Eastwood
Miloš Forman
Alejandro G. Iñárritu
Elia Kazan
David Lean
Ang Lee
Frank Lloyd
Joseph L. Mankiewicz
Leo McCarey
Lewis Milestone
Steven Spielberg
George Stevens
Oliver Stone
Billy Wilder
Robert Wise
Fred Zinnemann

Three or more nominations

NominationsDirector
12William Wyler
10Martin Scorsese
9Steven Spielberg
8Billy Wilder
7Woody Allen
David Lean
Fred Zinnemann
6Frank Capra
5Robert Altman
Clarence Brown
George Cukor
John Ford
Alfred Hitchcock
John Huston
Elia Kazan
George Stevens
King Vidor
4Paul Thomas Anderson
Francis Ford Coppola
Michael Curtiz
Clint Eastwood
Federico Fellini
Stanley Kubrick
Frank Lloyd
Sidney Lumet
Joseph L. Mankiewicz
Mike Nichols
Peter Weir
3
Ingmar Bergman
Richard Brooks
Joel Coen
Stephen Daldry
David Fincher
Miloš Forman
Bob Fosse
Alejandro González Iñárritu
James Ivory
Norman Jewison
Stanley Kramer
Ang Lee
Ernst Lubitsch
David Lynch
Leo McCarey
Lewis Milestone
Alexander Payne
Arthur Penn
Roman Polanski
Sydney Pollack
Carol Reed
David O. Russell
John Schlesinger
Ridley Scott
Oliver Stone
Quentin Tarantino
William A. Wellman
Robert Wise
Sam Wood

Age superlatives

Main article: List of oldest and youngest Academy Award winners and nominees#Best Director

RecordDirectorFilmAgeRef.
Oldest winnerClint EastwoodMillion Dollar Baby74 years, 272 daystitle=Oldest/Youngest Directing Nominees and Winnersurl=http://awardsdatabase.oscars.org/ampas_awards/help/helpMain.jsp?helpContentURL=statistics/indexStats.htmlaccess-date=November 19, 2015publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciencesurl-status=deadarchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090301005626/http://awardsdatabase.oscars.org/ampas_awards/help/helpMain.jsp?helpContentURL=statistics%2FindexStats.htmlarchive-date=March 1, 2009}}
Oldest nomineeMartin ScorseseKillers of the Flower Moon81 years, 67 days
Youngest winnerDamien ChazelleLa La Land32 years, 38 days
Youngest nomineeJohn SingletonBoyz n the Hood24 years, 44 days

Records

  • John Ford has received the most awards in this category, with four. Frank Capra and William Wyler won three each.
    • Wyler has the most nominations, with 12—including a record four years in a row. Martin Scorsese is currently second, with 10 nominations.
    • Clarence Brown has the most nominations without a win (6). Alfred Hitchcock and King Vidor each received 5 nominations without a win.
  • Four directors have won twice for films that did not win Best Picture: Frank Borzage, George Stevens, Ang Lee, and Alfonso Cuarón.
    • Of John Ford's four wins, the only film which also won Best Picture was How Green Was My Valley (1941).
    • Ford (1940–1941), Joseph L. Mankiewicz (1949–1950), and Alejandro González Iñárritu (2014–2015) are the only directors to have won the award in two consecutive years.
    • Francis Ford Coppola is the only director to be nominated for each film of a trilogy, The Godfather trilogy, winning for the second film.
  • Four directing teams have been nominated together (a total of five times, winning on three occasions): Robert Wise and Jerome Robbins for West Side Story (1961, winners); Warren Beatty and Buck Henry for Heaven Can Wait (1978); Joel and Ethan Coen for No Country for Old Men (2007, winners) and True Grit (2010); and Daniel Kwan and Daniel Scheinert for Everything Everywhere All at Once (2022, winners).
    • The Coen Brothers are the only siblings to have won the award.
  • Six directors won the award for their feature film debut: Delbert Mann for Marty (1955), Jerome Robbins for West Side Story (1961), Robert Redford for Ordinary People (1980), James L. Brooks for Terms of Endearment (1983), Kevin Costner for Dances With Wolves (1990), and Sam Mendes for American Beauty (1999).
    • Robbins is the only director to have won for his only career directing credit.
  • Lina Wertmüller was the first woman nominated in the category, for Seven Beauties (1976).
    • Kathryn Bigelow became the first woman to win the award, for The Hurt Locker (2009).
    • Chloé Zhao is the first woman of color to win the award, for Nomadland (2020). She became the second woman nominated twice for the award for Hamnet (2025).
    • Jane Campion is the first woman to be nominated twice for the award: The Piano (1993) and The Power of the Dog (2021)—winning for the latter.
  • John Singleton is the first Black (and youngest) nominee for Boyz n the Hood (1991).
    • Steve McQueen is the first Black nominee to direct a Best Picture winner, for 12 Years a Slave. Barry Jenkins subsequently did the same three years later, with Moonlight (2016).
  • David Lean was the first non-American to win—and twice, for The Bridge on the River Kwai (1957) and Lawrence of Arabia (1962). This did not recur for five decades with any other non-American directors, until Ang Lee, Alfonso Cuarón, and Alejandro González Iñárritu each won twice themselves.
    • Lee was the first Asian director to win the award, for Brokeback Mountain (2005). He won again for Life of Pi (2012).
    • Cuarón was the first Mexican (and Latin American) director to win the award, for Gravity (2013). He won again for Roma (2018).
  • No married or ex-married couple have won the award for the same film, though James Cameron (1997's Titanic) and Kathryn Bigelow (2008's The Hurt Locker) were the first (and so far, only) ex-married couple to both win the award.

Notes

References

Bibliography

  • {{cite book |last = Crouse |url-access = registration
  • {{cite book

References

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  6. (March 11, 2011). "Picture/Director Not from Same Film". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.
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  8. (24 January 2023). "#OscarsSoMale: Academy Awards Shut Out Women for Best Director".
  9. (23 January 2025). "Oscars: Coralie Fargeat Gets Sole Female Best Director Nod". The Hollywood Reporter.
  10. "Chloé Zhao Becomes Only Second Female Filmmaker Nominated Twice for Best Director".
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