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7th Parliament of Zimbabwe

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FieldValue
name7th Parliament of Zimbabwe
imageFile:Parlament of Zimbabwe.jpg
captionParliament House, Harare
countryZimbabwe
bodyParliament of Zimbabwe
meeting_placeParliament House, Harare
election2008 Zimbabwean general election
governmentGovernment of National Unity
term_start
term_end
before6th Parliament
after8th Parliament
website
chamber1House of Assembly
membership1210 → 215
control1MDC-T
chamber1_leader1_typeSpeaker
chamber1_leader1Lovemore Moyo
chamber1_leader2_typeDeputy Speaker
chamber1_leader2Nomalanga Khumalo
chamber1_leader3_typeClerk
chamber1_leader3Austin Zvoma
chamber2Senate
membership293 → 99
control2ZANU-PF
chamber2_leader1_typePresident
chamber2_leader1Edna Madzongwe
chamber2_leader2_typeDeputy President
chamber2_leader2Naison Ndlovu
chamber2_leader3_typeClerk
chamber2_leader3Austin Zvoma
session1_start26 August 2008
session1_end22 July 2009
session2_start6 October 2009
session2_end12 July 2010
session3_start13 July 2010
session3_end5 September 2011
session4_start6 September 2011
session4_end30 October 2011
session5_start30 October 2012
session5_end28 June 2013

In Zimbabwe's 2008 general election, 210 members were elected to the House of Assembly – one for each parliamentary constituency. The Constitution of Zimbabwe had been amended in 2007 to increase the number of constituency seats from 120 to 210. The new constituencies were drawn out in the 2007 Delimitation Report.

As part of the election, a new Senate was also elected. 60 members - six for each of Zimbabwe's 10 provinces - were elected for the sixty senatorial constituencies that had been drawn up as part of the 2007 Delimitation Report. 10 senators were Provincial Governors appointed by the President. 16 traditional Chiefs were elected by the Council of Chiefs, while the President and Deputy President of the Council of Chiefs were automatically Senators ex officio. The final five seats in the Senate were made up of Senators directly appointed by the President.

The Zimbabwean Parliament comprises the elected House of Assembly, the Senate and the President of Zimbabwe. The list of new parliamentarians was published in an Extraordinary edition of the Zimbabwe Government Gazette on 12 May 2008.

Overview

Convening of Parliament

On 19 August 2008, President Robert Mugabe announced his intention to open Parliament in the subsequent week, five months after the parliamentary election was held. Due to ongoing negotiations over the disputed election, the opposition Movement for Democratic Change – Tsvangirai party saw this as unacceptable, with MDC–T Secretary-General Tendai Biti stating that it would "be a clear repudiation of the Memorandum of Understanding, and an indication beyond reasonable doubt of ZANU–PF's unwillingness to continue to be part of the talks. In short, convening Parliament decapitates the dialogue."

Nevertheless, Parliament was convened on 25 August 2008. That morning, Mugabe appointed 11 senators, including eight of the ten seats reserved for provincial governors and three of the five special non-constituency Senate seats. Chris Mushohwe was appointed Resident Minister and Governor for Manicaland Province, Ephraim Masawi for Mashonaland Central, Aeneas Chigwedere for Mashonaland East, and Faber Chidarikire for Mashonaland West. The remaining Resident Ministers and Governors—Cain Mathema for Bulawayo, David Karimanzira for Harare, Thokozile Mathuthu for Matabeleland North, and Angeline Masuku for Matabeleland South—were reappointed to their posts. (Mugabe did not appoint governors for Midlands and Masvingo provinces at that time.) The three non-constituency senators appointed that day were Vice-President Joseph Msika, Patrick Chinamasa, and John Nkomo, who was Speaker of Parliament during the preceding parliamentary term. Mugabe was believed to have left some of the posts vacant so that they could go to the MDC in the event of a power-sharing agreement.

Despite the MDC–T's objections, the members of Parliament were sworn in on the morning of 25 August. The MDC MPs sat on the government benches and told the ZANU–PF MPs to sit on the opposition benches. Five other MDC MPs were also wanted by the police. The MDC–T denounced the arrests as politically motivated and said that the police had entered Parliament and forcefully removed Mudiwa from the building. It also claimed that another of its MPs was targeted for arrest but that this arrest was prevented by other MDC MPs; however, according to the MDC, a third MP was arrested at his home the next day.

Mugabe opened Parliament with a speech on 26 August, expressing an optimistic outlook on resolving the political dispute—"Landmark agreements have been concluded, with every expectation that everyone will sign up"—while denouncing the West's policies toward Zimbabwe. MDC MPs heckled him during his speech; although Mugabe continued speaking and completed it, he was reportedly inaudible at times due to the volume of the heckling, "look[ed] annoyed", and spoke more loudly and quickly as a result. In a petition on the same day, the MDC condemned the convening of Parliament as a violation of the preliminary agreement between the parties regarding negotiations, described Mugabe as an "illegitimate usurper", and criticized the arrest of the MDC MPs. The state-owned newspaper The Herald strongly criticized the heckling in an editorial, describing it as "disgraceful" and "infantile", while also asserting that the MDC–T had effectively acknowledged Mugabe's legitimacy by attending Parliament and remaining there during Mugabe's speech.

Election of speakers

Parliament was convened at 10 a.m. on 25 August 2008 by Clerk of Parliament Austin Zvoma, though Mudiwa and Jembere had been arrested prior to the ceremony. Mudiwa was later released and sworn into office, but Jembere remained in police custody. In addition, the MDC announced that 15 of its members would not attend the ceremony because they were hiding from intimidation and violence.

After the members of Parliament were sworn in, elections were held that day for the leadership of both houses of Parliament. In the House of Assembly, a secret-ballot election of the Speaker pitted Lovemore Moyo (MDC–T) against Paul Temba Nyathi (MDC–M); ZANU–PF declined to field a candidate against the two, opting to back the MDC–M candidate instead. Moyo won the election with 110 votes against Nyathi's 98. The Deputy Speaker, Nomalanga Khumalo (MDC–M) was also elected. Moyo reportedly received 99 votes from MDC–T MPs, seven votes from MDC–M MPs, and four votes from ZANU–PF MPs, but the breakdown of results could not be known for certain because the vote was secret. Independent MP Jonathan Moyo also backed Nyathi.

ZANU–PF's Emmerson Mnangagwa described Moyo's election as "a truly historic event" and expressed his congratulations on behalf of Mugabe and the party. Following his election as Speaker, Moyo predicted that Parliament would henceforth be a meaningful check on the executive, which would need to "find ways of negotiating with the legislature in order to put through programs". In the Speaker election, a number of the MDC–M MPs voted against their own party's candidate for Speaker, which was considered a blow to Mugabe, because it meant that he could not rely on MDC–M MPs to vote with ZANU–PF. Thus, ZANU–PF would likely be unable to control a parliamentary majority despite the support of the MDC–M leadership.

In the Senate, where ZANU–PF held a majority, ZANU–PF candidate Edna Madzongwe was reelected President of the Senate with 58 votes. Gibson Sibanda, whose candidacy was supported by both the MDC–T and the MDC–M, received 28 votes.

Temporary adjournment and power-sharing agreement

On 24 October, it was announced that Parliament would be adjourned until 11 November due to a lack of funds from the government.

Parliament planned to meet again in October 2008, at which point it would consider proposed constitutional amendments resulting from the power-sharing agreement between ZANU–PF and the MDC, which was signed in September. As the terms of the deal were supported by all three parties, the amendments were expected to pass without difficulty. Elements of the agreement specifically relevant to Parliament included granting all three parties the right to appoint one minister who is not a Member of Parliament. These ministers would be allowed to participate in Parliament, but would not have voting rights. Additionally, the agreement provided for the appointment of nine more non-constituency senators, three from each party.

House of Assembly

Composition of the House of Assembly

At the start of the Parliament, the House of Assembly was made up of 210 members, as well as the presiding officer, known as the Speaker, who is elected at the Assembly's first sitting. A Member of the House of Assembly who is elected as Speaker ceases to be a Member of the House of Assembly, and the vacant seat must be filled in accordance with the Electoral Law.

Following the signing of the Global Political Agreement between ZANU-PF, MDC-T and MDC-M, five extra seats were added to the House of Assembly under the Constitution of Zimbabwe Amendment (No. 19) Act, 2009. These additional seats comprised persons appointed to the posts of Vice-President, Prime Minister and Deputy Prime Minister and who are not already Members of Parliament, become ex officio members of the House of Assembly. Should persons so appointed be already members of Parliament, then the Party of which that person is a member or nominee had the right to nominate a non-constituency member of the relevant House.

MembersElected in July 2008At dissolution in June 2013Constituency Maps[[File:Zimbabwe election map 2008.svg200px]][[File:Zimbabwe 7th House of Assembly at Dissolution 2013.svg200px]]Assembly composition[[File:House of Assembly of Zimbabwe 2008 Westminster.svg]][[File:Zimbabwe 7th House of Assembly at Dissolution 2013 Westminster.svg]]PartyConstituency SeatsConstituency SeatsAppointed SeatsTotal SeatsChange919780Total210192419619Speaker11Government majority-12-14
999018
1009523
10712
1001
14
Vacant018119
1

Elected Constituency Members

210 members of the House of Assembly were elected by secret ballot from the 210 constituencies into which Zimbabwe is divided. The following members were gazetted as having won seats during the General Election in March 2008.

ConstituencyParty of incumbent
at previous electionMember returnedParty of incumbent
after electionNotesBulawayo ProvinceHarare ProvinceManicaland ProvinceMashonaland Central ProvinceMashonaland East ProvinceMashonaland West ProvinceMasvingo ProvinceMatabeleland North ProvinceMatabeleland South ProvinceMidlands Province
Bulawayo Central}}"New constituencyDorcas Staff SibandaMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Bulawayo EastMovement for Democratic Change}}"MDCThabitha KhumaloMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Bulawayo SouthMovement for Democratic Change}}"MDCEdward Graham CrossMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-TReelected
Emakhandeni–Entumbane}}"New constituencyCornelius Raphael DubeMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-TDied 15 August 2009
Lobengula}}"New constituencySamuel Sipepa NkomoMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Luveve}}"New constituencyReggie MoyoMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Magwegwe}}"New constituencyFelix Magalela SibandaMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
MakokobaMovement for Democratic Change}}"MDCThokozani KhupeMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Nketa}}"New constituencySeiso MoyoMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
NkulumaneMovement for Democratic Change}}"MDCTamsanqa MahlanguMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Pelandaba–MpopomaMovement for Democratic Change}}"MDCSamuel Sandla KhumaloMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-TElected in 27 June 2008 by-election as no constituency election took place in March poll due to a candidate dying ahead of the election.
Pumula}}"New constituencyAlbert MhlangaMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
BudiriroMovement for Democratic Change}}"MDCHeneri Amos Murima DzinotyiweyiMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Chitungwiza North}}"New constituencyFidelis MhashuMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-TRepresented Chitungwiza for MDC in previous Parliament.
Chitungwiza South}}"New constituencyMisheck ShokoMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
DzivarasekwaMovement for Democratic Change}}"MDCEvelyn MasaitiMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Epworth}}"New constituencyEliah JembereMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Glen NorahMovement for Democratic Change}}"MDCGift DzirutweMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Glen View North}}"New constituencyFani MunengamiMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Glen View South}}"New constituencyPaul MadzoreMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Harare CentralMovement for Democratic Change}}"MDCMurisi ZwizwaiMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Harare EastMovement for Democratic Change}}"MDCTendai Laxton BitiMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Harare NorthMovement for Democratic Change}}"MDCTheresa Maonei MakoneMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Harare SouthZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFMagadzire Hubert NyanhongoZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFReelected
Harare West}}"New constituencyFungayi Jessie MajomeMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
HatfieldMovement for Democratic Change}}"MDCTapiwa MashakadaMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Highfield East}}"New constituencyPearson Tachiveyi MungofaMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Highfield West}}"New constituencySimon Ruwuke HoveMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
KambuzumaMovement for Democratic Change}}"MDCWillias MadzimureMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
KuwadzanaMovement for Democratic Change}}"MDCLucia Gladys MatibengaMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Kuwadzana East}}"New constituencyNelson ChamisaMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-TRepresented Kuwadzana for MDC in previous Parliament.
Mabvuku-Tafara}}"New constituencyShepherd MadamombeMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-TDied 2 June 2010
MbareMovement for Democratic Change}}"MDCPiniel DengaMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Mount Pleasant}}"New constituencyJameson Zvidzai TimbaMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
MufakoseMovement for Democratic Change}}"MDCPaurina MpariwaMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Southerton}}"New constituencyGift ChimanikireMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
St Mary'sMovement for Democratic Change}}"MDCMarvellous KumaloMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Sunningdale}}"New constituencyMargaret MatiengaMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Warren Park}}"New constituencyElias MudzuriMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Zengeza East}}"New constituencyAlexio Leon MusundireMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Zengeza West}}"New constituencyCollen Cephas GwiyoMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Buhera Central}}"New constituencyTangwara MatimbaMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Buhera NorthZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFWilliam MutombaZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFReelected
Buhera SouthZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFRaison NemadzivaMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Buhera West}}"New constituencyEric Taurai MatinengaMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Chimanimani East}}"New constituencySamuel UndengeZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Chimanimani West}}"New constituencyLynette KarenyiMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Chipinge Central}}"New constituencyAlice ChitimaZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Chipinge East}}"New constituencyMathias Matewu MlamboMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Chipinge SouthZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFMeki MakuyanaMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Chipinge West}}"New constituencySibonile NyamudezaMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Dangamvura–Chikanga}}"New constituencyGiles Tariyafero MutsekwaMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Headlands}}"New constituencyDidymus Noel MutasaZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFRepresented Makoni North in previous Parliament.
Makoni Central}}"New constituencyJohn NyamandeMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-TDied 8 November 2009
Makoni NorthZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFElton Steers MangomaMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Makoni South}}"New constituencyPishai MuchaurayaMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Makoni WestZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFWebber ChinyadzaMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Musikavanhu}}"New constituencyChipfiwa Prosper MutseyamiMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Mutare CentralMovement for Democratic Change}}"MDCInnocent Tinashe GoneseMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-TReelected
Mutare NorthMovement for Democratic Change}}"MDCCharles Fungayi PemhenayiZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFDied 17 July 2009
Mutare SouthZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFFred KanzamaZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFReelected
Mutare WestZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFShuah MudiwaMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Mutasa Central}}"New constituencyTrevor Jones Lovelace SaruwakaMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Mutasa NorthZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFDavid Antony ChimhiniMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Mutasa SouthZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFMisheck Tofamangwana KagurabadzaMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Nyanga North}}"New constituencyDouglas Togaraseyi MwonzoraMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Nyanga South}}"New constituencyWillard Manyowa ChimbeteteMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Bindura North}}"New constituencyElliot Tapfumaneyi ManyikaZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFDied 6 December 2008
Bindura South}}"New constituencyBednock NyaudeMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Guruve NorthZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFCletus MabarangaZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFDied 26 September 2008.
Guruve SouthZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFEdward Takaraza Chindori ChiningaZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Mazowe Central}}"New constituencyShepherd Lenard MushongaMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Mazowe North}}"New constituencyCairo MhanduZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Mazowe South}}"New constituencyMargrate ZinyembaZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Mazowe WestZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFRichard ChirongweZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Mbire}}"New constituencyPaul Herbert MazikanaZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Mount Darwin East}}"New constituencyBetty ChikavaZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFDied 11 January 2012
Mount Darwin NorthZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFItai Dickson MafiosZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Mount Darwin SouthZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFSaviour KasukuwereZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFReelected
Mount Darwin West}}"New constituencyJoice MujuruZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFRepresented Mount Darwin North in previous Parliament
Muzarabani North}}"New constituencyLuke MushoreZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Muzarabani South}}"New constituencyEdward RaradzaZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
RushingaZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFLazarus Dagwa Kambarami DokoraZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Shamva North}}"New constituencyNicholas Tasunungurwa GocheZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFRepresented Shamva in previous Parliament
Shamva South}}"New constituencyKingstone Samuel ZiteyaZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFDied 17 December 2011
Chikomba Central}}"New constituencyMoses JiriMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Chikomba East}}"New constituencyEdgar MbwembweZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Chikomba West}}"New constituencyMichael Chakanaka BimhaZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Goromonzi North}}"New constituencyPaddy Tendai ZhandaZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Goromonzi South}}"New constituencyGreenbate Zvanyanya DongoMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Goromonzi West}}"New constituencyBiata Beatrice NyamupingaZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Maramba Pfungwe}}"New constituencyWashington MusvaireZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Marondera Central}}"New constituencyJames Iain Hamilton KayMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Marondera EastZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFTracy MutinhiriZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFExpelled from Party on 31 August 2011
Marondera WestZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFAmbrose MutinhiriZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Mudzi North}}"New constituencyNewton KachepaZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Mudzi South}}"New constituencyEric NavayaZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Mudzi WestZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFAqualinah KatsandeZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Murewa NorthZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFDavid Pagwesese ParirenyatwaZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFReelected
Murewa SouthZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFJoel Biggie MatizaZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFReelected
Murewa West}}"New constituencyWard NeziMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Mutoko East}}"New constituencyOrdo NyakudangaZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Mutoko NorthZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFMabel Memory ChinomonaZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Mutoko SouthZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFOlivia Nyembezi MuhenaZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFReelected
SekeZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFPhineas Chivanze ChiotaZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFReelected
Uzumba}}"New constituencySimbaneuta MudarikwaZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Wedza North}}"New constituencyGibson MunyeyiZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Wedza South}}"New constituencyRosemary GotoZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Chakari}}"New constituencyWurayayi Zachariah ZiyambiZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFRepresented Sanyati in previous Parliament.
Chegutu East}}"New constituencyWebster Kotiwani ShamuZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFRepresented Chegutu in previous Parliament.
Chegutu West}}"New constituencyTakalani Prince MatibeMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
ChinhoyiZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFStewart GaradhiMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Hurungwe Central}}"New constituencyGodfrey BeremauroZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Hurungwe EastZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFSarah MahokaZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Hurungwe North}}"New constituencyPeter Tapera ChanetsaZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Hurungwe WestZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFTall Severino ChambatiMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Kadoma CentralMovement for Democratic Change}}"MDCEditor Erimenziah MatamisaMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-TReelected
KaribaZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFCleopas MachachaMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Magunje}}"New constituencyFranco NdambakuwaZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
MakondeZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFRisipa KapesaZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Mhangura}}"New constituencyDouglas MombeshoraZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Mhondoro-Mubaira}}"New constituencySylvester Robert NguniZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFRepresented Mhondoro in previous Parliament
Mhondoro-Ngezi}}"New constituencyBright MatongaZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFRepresented Ngezi in previous Parliament
Muzvezve}}"New constituencyPeter HaritatosZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Norton}}"New constituencyEdward MusumbuMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
SanyatiZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFFungai ChaderopaZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Zvimba East}}"New constituencyPatrick ZhuwaoZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Zvimba NorthZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFIgnatius ChomboZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFReelected
Zvimba SouthZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFWalter ChidhakwaZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Zvimba West}}"New constituencyNelson Tapera Crispen SamkangeZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Bikita EastZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFEdmore MarimaMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Bikita South}}"New constituencyJani VarandeniMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Bikita WestZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFHeya ShokoMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Chiredzi East}}"New constituencyAbraham SitholeZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Chiredzi NorthZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFRonald NdavaZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Chiredzi SouthZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFAiless BaloyiZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Chiredzi West}}"New constituencyMoses MareMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Chivi Central}}"New constituencyPaul Munyaradzi MangwanaZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Chivi NorthZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFTranos HurubaZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Chivi SouthZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFIvene DzingirayiZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Gutu Central}}"New constituencyOliver ChirumeMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Gutu East}}"New constituencyRansome MakamureMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Gutu NorthZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFEdmore Hamandishe MaramwidzeMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Gutu SouthZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFEliphas MukonoweshuroMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-TDied 5 August 2011
Gutu West}}"New constituencyNoel Tarirai MandebvuZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Masvingo CentralMovement for Democratic Change}}"MDCJeffryson ChitandoMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Masvingo NorthZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFIsack Stanisalaus MudengeZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFReelected. Died 4 October 2012.
Masvingo SouthZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFWalter MzembiZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFReelected
Masvingo Urban}}"New constituencyTongai MatutuMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Masvingo West}}"New constituencyMharadza TachionaMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Mwenezi East}}"New constituencyKudakwashe Tshuma BhasikitiZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Mwenezi West}}"New constituencyNeddie Pilot Sacks MasukumeZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFDied late 2011.
Zaka Central}}"New constituencyHarison MudzuriMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Zaka EastZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFSamson Tapera MukanduriZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Zaka North}}"New constituencyErnest MudavanhuMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Zaka WestZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFFestus DumbuMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Binga North}}"New constituencyPatrick Nene SibandaMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Binga South}}"New constituencyJoel Gabuza GabbuzaMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-TRepresented Binga in previous Parliament
Bubi}}"New constituencyClifford Cameroon SibandaZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Hwange Central}}"New constituencyBrian TshumaMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Hwange EastMovement for Democratic Change}}"MDCTose Wesley SansoleMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Hwange WestMovement for Democratic Change}}"MDCGift MabhenaMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Lupane East}}"New constituencyNjabuliso MguniMovement for Democratic Change – Mutambara}}"MDCExpelled from Party on 22 July 2009.
Lupane West}}"New constituencyMartin KhumaloZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Nkayi North}}"New constituencySithembiso NyoniZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Nkayi South}}"New constituencyAbedinico BhebheMovement for Democratic Change – Mutambara}}"MDCRepresented Nkayi in previous Parliament. Expelled from Party on 22 July 2009.
Tsholotsho North}}"New constituencyJonathan Nathaniel MoyoIndependent}}"IndependentReadmitted to ZANU-PF on 2 October 2009
Tsholotsho South}}"New constituencyMaxwell DubeMovement for Democratic Change – Mutambara}}"MDC
Umguza}}"New constituencyObert Moses MpofuZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFRepresented Bubi-Umguza in previous Parliament
Beitbridge East}}"New constituencyKembo Campbell MohadiZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFRepresented Beitbridge in previous Parliament
Beitbridge West}}"New constituencyMetrine MudauZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Bulilima East}}"New constituencyNorman MpofuMovement for Democratic Change – Mutambara}}"MDCExpelled from Party on 22 July 2009.
Bulilima West}}"New constituencyMoses NdlovuMovement for Democratic Change – Mutambara}}"MDC
Gwanda Central}}"New constituencyPatrick DubeMovement for Democratic Change – Mutambara}}"MDC
Gwanda North}}"New constituencyThandeko MnkhandhlaMovement for Democratic Change – Mutambara}}"MDC
Gwanda South}}"New constituencyOrders Shakespeare MliloZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Insiza North}}"New constituencyAndrew LangaZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFRepresented Insiza in previous Parliament
Insiza South}}"New constituencySiyabonga NcubeMovement for Democratic Change – Mutambara}}"MDC
MangweMovement for Democratic Change}}"MDCMkhosi Edward Tshotsho MoyoMovement for Democratic Change – Mutambara}}"MDCReelected
Matobo North}}"New constituencyLovemore MoyoMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-TElected Speaker on 25 August 2008. Seat automatically vacated.
Matobo South}}"New constituencyGabriel NdebeleMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
UmzingwaneMovement for Democratic Change}}"MDCNomalanga Mzilikazi KhumaloMovement for Democratic Change – Mutambara}}"MDCReelected
ChirumanzuZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFPhares Hakuna MarambaZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Chirumanzu Zibagwe}}"New constituencyEmmerson MnangagwaZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Chiwundura}}"New constituencyKizito ChivambaZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Gokwe Central}}"New constituencyDorothy MhangamiZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Gokwe ChireyaZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFCephas SindiZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Gokwe Gumunyu}}"New constituencyEphrem MushoriwaZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFDied before Parliament first sat 2008
Gokwe Kabuyuni}}"New constituencyCostin MugutiMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Gokwe KanaZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFBusy NgwenyaZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Gokwe Mapfungautsi}}"New constituencyLovemore MupukutaZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Gokwe NembudziyaZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFFlora BukaZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFReelected
Gokwe SengwaZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFShaddy SaiZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Gokwe Sasame}}"New constituencyDarcus MaposhereZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Gweru UrbanMovement for Democratic Change}}"MDCRodrick RutsvaraMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Kwekwe CentralMovement for Democratic Change}}"MDCBlessing ChebundoMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Mberengwa EastZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFMakhosini HlongwaneZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Mberengwa North}}"New constituencyJabulani MangenaZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFDied 30 November 2012.
Mberengwa South}}"New constituencyEllina ShirichenaZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Mberengwa WestZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFJoram Macdonald GumboZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFReelected
Mbizo}}"New constituencySettlement ChikwinyaMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
MkobaMovement for Democratic Change}}"MDCAmos ChibayaMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-TReelected
Redcliff}}"New constituencyIsheunesu MuzaZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Shurugwi North}}"New constituencyChenaimoyo NhemaZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFRepresented Shurugwi in previous Parliament
Shurugwi South}}"New constituencyAnastancia NdhlovuZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
SilobelaMovement for Democratic Change}}"MDCAnadi SululiMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Vungu}}"New constituencyJosephat MadubekoZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
ZhombeZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFRodger TazvionaMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Zvishavane Ngezi}}"New constituencyObert MatshalagaZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Zvishavane Runde}}"New constituencyLawrence David MavimaZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF

Members appointed in accord with the Constitution of Zimbabwe Amendment (No. 19) Act, 2009

Following the signing of the Global Political Agreement between ZANU-PF, MDC-T and MDC-M, five extra seats were added to the House of Assembly under the Constitution of Zimbabwe Amendment (No. 19) Act, 2009. These additional seats comprised persons appointed to the posts of Vice-President, Prime Minister and Deputy Prime Minister and who are not already Members of Parliament, become ex officio members of the House of Assembly. Should persons so appointed be already members of Parliament, then the Party of which that person is a member or nominee had the right to nominate a non-constituency member of the relevant House.

PostParty of memberMemberNotesReplacement Members
Non-Constituency SeatZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFOppah MuchinguriNominated in lieu of First Vice-President Joice Mujuru, who already had a seat representing Mount Darwin West. Sworn into House of Assembly on 29 March 2011.
Second Vice-PresidentZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFJoseph MsikaDied 4 August 2009
Prime MinisterMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-TMorgan Tsvangirai
Non-Constituency SeatMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-TGorden MoyoNominated in lieu of Deputy Prime Minister Thokozani Khupe, who already had a seat representing Makokoba
Deputy Prime MinisterMovement for Democratic Change – Mutambara}}"MDC-MArthur Mutambara
Second Vice-PresidentZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFJohn NkomoVice-President from 13 December 2009. Sworn into House of Assembly on 29 March 2011, transferring from Senate. Died 17 January 2013.

Senate

Composition of the Senate

The Senate is made up of 93 members, as well as the presiding officer, known as the President of the Senate, who is elected at the Senate's first sitting. A Senator who is elected as President of the Senate ceases to be a Senator, and the vacant seat must be filled in accordance with the Electoral Law.

Following the signing of the Global Political Agreement between ZANU-PF, MDC-T and MDC-M, six extra seats were added to the Senate under the Constitution of Zimbabwe Amendment (No. 19) Act, 2009. These additional seats were to balance the five existing seats allocated to ZANU-PF members appointed by the President and would be distributed so that four would be nominated by MDC-T and two by MDC-M.

MembersAt opening of Parliament in August 2008At dissolution in June 2013Constituency Maps[[File:Zimbabwe Senate Results 2008.svg200px]][[File:Zimbabwe 7th Senate at Dissolution 2013.svg200px]]Senate composition[[File:Senate of Zimbabwe 2008 Westminster.svg]][[File:Senate of Zimbabwe at Dissolution 2013 Westminster.svg]]AffiliationElected MembersProvincial GovernorsPresidential AppointeesTotalElected MembersProvincial GovernorsPresidential AppointeesTotalChange45382423681816Total78105936591185014President of the Senate11
3010524957
240019041
6006022
Chiefs18162
8
Vacant000131014

Elected Constituency Senators

60 members of the Senate were elected by secret ballot from the 60 senatorial constituencies into which Zimbabwe is divided. The following members were gazetted as having won seats during the General Election in March 2008.

ConstituencyParty of incumbent
at previous electionMember returnedParty of incumbent
after electionNotesBulawayo ProvinceHarare ProvinceManicaland ProvinceMashonaland Central ProvinceMashonaland East ProvinceMashonaland West ProvinceMasvingo ProvinceMatabeleland North ProvinceMatabeleland South ProvinceMidlands Province
Emganwini}}"New constituencySiphiwe NcubeMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Gwabalanda}}"New constituencyAgnes SibandaMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Khumalo}}"New constituencyDavid ColtartMovement for Democratic Change – Mutambara}}"MDC
Mabuthweni}}"New constituencyGladys Tambudzo DubeMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-TDied 26 December 2011
Masotsha Ndlovu}}"New constituencyEnna ChitsaMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-TDied 2 March 2012
Mzilikazi}}"New constituencyMatson Mpofu HlaloMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Chikomo}}"New constituencyMorgan FemaiMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Chisipite}}"New constituencyObert Chaurura GutuMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
ChitungwizaZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFJames MakoreMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Chizhanje}}"New constituencySekai Masikana HollandMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Hwata}}"New constituencyRorana MuchihwaMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Mvurachena}}"New constituencyCephas MakuyanaMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Buhera}}"New constituencyTsungirirai Samuel MuzerengwaMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Chimanimani}}"New constituencyMonica MutsvangwaZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Chipinge}}"New constituencyJosiah Mukayi RimbiMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-TDied 24 September 2012
Makoni}}"New constituencyStanley Urayayi SakupwanyaZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
MutareZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFKeresensia ChabukaMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Mutasa-Nyanga}}"New constituencyPatrick ChitakaMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Bindura-ShamvaZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFMisheck ChandoZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFDied 23 October 2009
Guruve-Mbire}}"New constituencyGethide ChibaguZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
MazoweZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFAgnes Angelina DeteZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFReelected
Mount Darwin}}"New constituencyAlice ChimbudziZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFRepresented Mount Darwin-Muzarabani in previous Parliament
Muzarabani}}"New constituencyJenia ManyerukeZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Rushinga}}"New constituencyDamian MumvuriZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Chikomba-Seke}}"New constituencyGladys MabhizaZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Marondera-Wedza}}"New constituencySydney Tigere SekeramayiZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Goromonzi}}"New constituencyHerbert Muchemwa MurerwaZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Murewa}}"New constituencyTendayi MakundeZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
MutokoZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFEdmond JacobZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFReelected
Uzumba Maramba Pfungwe-Mudzi}}"New constituencyOriah KabayanjiriZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Chegutu}}"New constituencyEdna MadzongweZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFElected President of the Senate on 25 August 2008; seat automatically declared vacant.
Hurungwe}}"New constituencyReuben MarumahokoZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Kadoma}}"New constituencyChiratidzo GavaZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFDied 30 July 2010
Kariba}}"New constituencyJohn MasabaMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Makonde}}"New constituencyVirginia KatyamaenzaZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
ZvimbaZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFVirginia MuchenjeZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFReelected
Bikita}}"New constituencyKokerai RugaraMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Chiredzi}}"New constituencyTitus Hatlani MalulekeZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFAppointed Provincial Governor of Masvingo on 25 August 2008. Seat automatically vacated.
GutuZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFEmpire Kufachikati MakamureMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
MasvingoZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFMinah Imelda Nachi MandabaZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Mwenezi-ChiviZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFJosaya Dunira HungweZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Zaka}}"New constituencyMisheck MaravaMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
BingaMovement for Democratic Change}}"MDCHerbert Madolo SinampandeMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Bubi-UmguzaZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFLot MbamboZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Hwange}}"New constituencyJabulani NdlovuMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-TDied 1 December 2010
Lupane}}"New constituencyDalumuzi KhumaloMovement for Democratic Change – Mutambara}}"MDC
Nkayi}}"New constituencyRabson Robert MakhulaMovement for Democratic Change – Mutambara}}"MDC
Tsholotsho}}"New constituencyBelieve GauleMovement for Democratic Change – Mutambara}}"MDC
BeitbridgeZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFTambudzani Budagi MohadiZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFReelected
Bulilima-MangweZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFLutho Addington TapelaMovement for Democratic Change – Mutambara}}"MDC
GwandaZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFJaphet DubeZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
InsizaZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFNaison NdlovuZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFReelected. Elected Deputy President of the Senate on 25 August 2008.
Matobo}}"New constituencySithembile MlotshwaMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Umzingwane}}"New constituencyKembo DubeMovement for Democratic Change – Mutambara}}"MDC
Gweru-Chirumanzu}}"New constituencyPatrick KombayiMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-TDied 20 June 2009
Gokwe North}}"New constituencyTariro MtingwendeZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Gokwe South}}"New constituencyJaison Max Kokerai MachayaZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFAppointed Provincial Governor of Midlands on 25 August 2008. Seat automatically vacated.
Kwekwe}}"New constituencyHenry MadzoreraMovement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Mberengwa}}"New constituencyRichard HoveZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFRepresented Mberengwa-Zvishavane in previous Parliament. Died 21 August 2009.
Shurugwi-Zvishavane}}"New constituencySimbarashe MumbengegwiZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF

Provincial Governors

Chapter 5, Part 2, §34(b) of the Constitution of Zimbabwe reserved 10 seats in the Senate for Provincial Governors, one from each of the ten Provinces, appointed by the President.

The appointment of Provincial Governors emerged as a significant source of contention, underscoring the asymmetrical power dynamics within the power-sharing framework established by the GPA. Under the provisions of the Constitution of Zimbabwe (as amended), President Robert Mugabe held the exclusive authority to appoint the ten Provincial Governors — one for each of the ten provinces — who served ex officio as non-constituency members of the Senate, thereby affording the executive considerable influence over upper-house proceedings despite the opposition's parliamentary gains. Mugabe, exercising this prerogative with minimal consultation, systematically appointed loyalists from ZANU–PF to these positions, often extending or renewing incumbents from prior terms and installing new figures aligned with the party's hardline faction, in a manner that contravened the GPA's stipulation for inter-party consensus on senior appointments to promote inclusivity and reconciliation. Notable appointments included the re-endorsement of David Karimanzira for Harare, a veteran ZANU–PF mobiliser with roots in the liberation struggle; Christopher Mushohwe for Manicaland, known for his role in party provincial structures; Cain Mathema for Bulawayo, a long-standing ideologue whose tenure evoked historical ethnic sensitivities.

In response to Mugabe's unilateralism, the MDC–T and MDC–M advanced their own slates of nominees for the gubernatorial posts, framing these as reflective of their electoral mandate and essential for equitable provincial administration in a context of economic collapse and service delivery failures. In March 2011, following the death of ZANU–PF’s David Karimanzira, the Harare provincial governorship fell vacant. Under the GPA, the MDC formations were entitled to five of the ten governorships, and MDC–T promptly nominated James Makore – a former ZANU–PF member turned trade-unionist, long-serving aide to Prime Minister Morgan Tsvangirai, and the sitting MDC–T senator for Chitungwiza – to fill the Harare post. Despite repeated demands from MDC–T spokesman Douglas Mwonzora that Makore be sworn in immediately, Mugabe refused, insisting that governors remained a presidential prerogative and linking any MDC appointments to the prior removal of targeted Western sanctions. Makore was never installed; the post remained vacant until the end of the GNU in 2013. Nominees for other provinces included Lucia Matibenga for Masvingo, Julius Magaramombe for Manicaland, Seiso Moyo for Bulawayo, and Tose Sansole for Matabeleland North. Throughout the Parliament, they remained notionally reserved but unsworn—exacerbating perceptions of ZANU–PF's deliberate sabotage of devolutionary reforms amid Harare's mounting sanitation crises and infrastructural decay.

PartyProvinceProvincial GovernorNotes
ZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFBulawayoCain Mathema
ZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFHarareDavid Ishemunyoro Karimanzira
ZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFManicalandChristopher Mushohwe
ZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFMashonaland CentralMartin Dinha
ZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFMashonaland EastAeneas Chigwedere
ZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFMashonaland WestFaber Chidarikire
ZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFMasvingoTitus Maluleke
ZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFMatabeleland NorthThokozile Mathuthu
ZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFMatabeleland SouthAngeline Masuku
ZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFMidlandsJaison Machaya

Chiefs' seats

Chapter 5, Part 2, §34(d) and (d) of the Constitution of Zimbabwe reserved 16 seats in the Senate for Chiefs, of whom two are elected by the provincial assembly of Chiefs from each of the provinces, other than the metropolitan provinces, and two for the President and Deputy President of the National Council of Chiefs.

Elected by Provincial Assembly of Chiefs forTraditional Chief's NameName of ChiefNotes
President of the Council of Chiefs (ex officio)Fortune Charumbira
Deputy President of the Council of Chiefs (ex officio)Lucas Mtshane Khumalo
ManicalandChidukuRivai Mbaimbai
ChimombeGeorge ChimombeDied 26 January 2011.
Mashonaland CentralChisungaDaster Chisunga
NembireClemence Nyabvunzi
Mashonaland EastMusarurwaEnos Masakwa
NyamukohoSamson Katsande
Mashonaland WestDandawaTry Manyepa
NebiriWilson Nebiri
MasvingoChitangaFelani Chauke
MabikaJ.T.
Matabeleland NorthGampuAshel Gampu Sithole
ShanaZondani Jonah Neluswi
Matabeleland SouthBidiBidi NdiweniDied 2009
MasenduSiandalizwe Dube
MidlandsNgungumbaneZama Nthua Mkwananzi
NtabeniMilton Ntabeni

Presidential appointees

Chapter 5, Part 2, §34(e) of the Constitution of Zimbabwe reserved 5 seats in the Senate for members directly appointed by the President of Zimbabwe.

Party of memberAppointeeOther role(s)NotesReplacement Appointees
ZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFJoseph MsikaSecond Vice-President of ZimbabweAppointed 25 August 2008. Died 4 August 2009.
ZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFJohn Landa NkomoFrom 13 December 2009 Second Vice-President of ZimbabweAppointed 25 August 2008. Transferred to House of Assembly on 29 March 2011.
ZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFPatrick ChinamasaMinister of Justice and Legal AffairsAppointed 25 August 2008
ZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFJoseph MadeMinister of Agriculture, Mechanisation and Irrigation DevelopmentAppointed 4 November 2008
ZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFAguy GeorgiasDeputy Minister of Public WorksSworn in April 2009
ZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFRugare GumboSworn in 29 March 2011. Replacing Joseph Msika.
ZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PFSimon Khaya MoyoSworn in 31 March 2011. Unsuccessfully bid to become Speaker of the House of Assembly. Replacing John Nkomo.

Senators appointed in accord with the Constitution of Zimbabwe Amendment (No. 19) Act, 2009

Following the signing of the Global Political Agreement between ZANU-PF, MDC-T and MDC-M, six extra seats were added to the Senate under the Constitution of Zimbabwe Amendment (No. 19) Act, 2009. These additional seats were to balance the five existing seats allocated to ZANU-PF members appointed by the President and would be distributed so that four would be nominated by MDC-T and two by MDC-M.

Party of memberMemberNotesReplacement Appointees
Movement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-TTichaona MudzingwaDeputy Minister of Transport and Infrastructural Development. Died 10 April 2009.
Movement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-TSesel ZvidzaiDeputy Minister of Local Government and Urban Development
Movement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-TRoy BennettDesignated Deputy Minister of Agriculture by Prime Minister Morgan Tsvangirai but President Robert Mugabe refused to swear him into ministerial office. Sworn in as Senator, however.
Movement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-TMorgan KomichiFrom 28 November 2012 Deputy Minister of Transport and Infrastructural Development
Movement for Democratic Change – Mutambara}}"MDC-MWelshman NcubeMinister of Industry and Commerce
Movement for Democratic Change – Mutambara}}"MDC-MPriscilla Misihairabwi-MushongaMinister of Regional Integration and International Cooperation
Movement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-TSibusisiwe MasaraSworn in 29 November 2012, replacing Tichaona Mudzingwa.

By-elections, replacements and recalls

Under the terms of the GPA, the principal parties of ZANU–PF, MDC–T, MDC–M reached an informal understanding to refrain from contesting parliamentary seats against one another during the lifespan of the Parliament, thereby preserving the fragile balance of power within the Government of National Unity. This arrangement, while aimed at averting potential flashpoints of electoral violence akin to those that marred the 2008 polls, effectively led to the systematic postponement and de facto abolition of by-elections to fill vacancies in the House of Assembly arising from deaths, resignations, or disqualifications between 2009 and 2013. The Zimbabwe Electoral Commission (ZEC), tasked with overseeing electoral processes, cited resource constraints, logistical challenges, and the overarching need for political stability as justifications for these deferrals, though critics contended that the decisions were politically motivated to shield the coalition's equilibrium from disruption. By the end of 2012, 18 Assembly seats remained vacant. These gaps eroded parliamentary representation for affected districts, particularly in urban opposition strongholds, exacerbating perceptions of democratic deficit.

The deferments ignited fierce controversies, with MDC formations accusing ZANU–PF of exploiting the GPA's ambiguities to entrench its influence and suppress opposition gains in potential by-elections. MDC–T spokesperson Douglas Mwonzora decried the policy as "a deliberate strangulation of democracy," arguing that it contravened section 67 of the Constitution (as amended in 2009), which mandated the filling of vacancies within six months to ensure "regular, fair, and reliable elections." ZANU–PF countered that the GPA's spirit prioritised national healing over "needless politicking," with spokesperson Rugare Gumbo asserting in 2011 that by-elections risked reigniting the "anarchy of 2008," including the deaths of over 200 supporters and displacement of 5,000 families. Civil society organisations, including the Zimbabwe Election Support Network (ZESN), amplified these debates, reporting in their 2012 annual review that the absences distorted legislative oversight, particularly on GNU-mandated reforms like security sector alignment, where opposition voices were underrepresented. International observers, such as the European Union, echoed these concerns, linking the deferrals to broader GPA implementation failures, including stalled media liberalisation and security force partisanship, which Human Rights Watch documented as fostering a "climate of fear" that deterred voter participation in any hypothetical contests.

Judicial interventions sought to compel the ZEC to honour constitutional timelines, yielding mixed outcomes amid allegations of judicial capture. In a landmark 2010 High Court application, MDC–T MP Nelson Chamisa and others petitioned for by-elections in three vacant Harare seats, invoking section 39 of the Electoral Act [Chapter 2:13] and arguing that deferrals violated citizens' rights to representation under the African Charter on Democracy, Elections and Governance, ratified by Zimbabwe in 2009. Justice Tendai Uchena dismissed the suit in Chamisa v. Zimbabwe Electoral Commission (HC 4567/10), ruling that GPA-mediated consensus superseded statutory deadlines, a decision critics lambasted as "executive overreach" given Uchena's prior ZANU–PF affiliations. An appeal to the Supreme Court in 2011 fared no better; Chief Justice Luke Chidyausiku upheld the deferral in a 2–1 split, with Justice Paddington Garwe dissenting on grounds that "electoral moratoriums undermine the rule of law," but the majority deferred to the GPA's "stabilising intent." A subsequent 2012 challenge by civic group Crisis in Zimbabwe Coalition (CiZic) in the High Court (HC 8921/12) sought declaratory relief against ZEC's "indefinite postponements," but Justice Charles Hungwe ruled the matter moot post-GPA roadmap announcements, prompting CiZic to decry the judiciary's "complicity in electoral sabotage." These rulings, observers noted, reflected ZANU–PF's leverage over judicial appointments, as per the GPA's unfulfilled security sector reforms, and contributed to SADC's tepid 2012 summit communiqué urging "expeditious vacancy fillings" without enforceable timelines. By the GNU's dissolution in July 2013, the deferrals had entrenched a de facto electoral vacuum, fuelling MDC–T's boycott threats and underscoring the coalition's prioritisation of stasis over democratic renewal.

Constituency vacancies

ConstituencyDate of vacancyParty of incumbent
before vacancyOutgoing memberReason for vacancy
Gokwe GumunyuMIDBetween the election in March and the first sitting of Parliament in August 2008ZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Matobo NorthMBS25 August 2008Movement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Guruve NorthMSC26 September 2008ZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Bindura NorthMSC6 December 2008ZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Mutare NorthMCL17 July 2009ZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Lupane EastMBN22 July 2009Movement for Democratic Change – Mutambara}}"MDC
Nkayi SouthMBN22 July 2009Movement for Democratic Change – Mutambara}}"MDC
Bulilima EastMBS22 July 2009Movement for Democratic Change – Mutambara}}"MDC
Emakhandeni–EntumbaneBYO15 August 2009Movement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Makoni CentralMCL8 November 2009Movement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Mabvuku-TafaraHRE2 June 2010Movement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Gutu SouthMVG5 August 2011Movement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Marondera EastMSE31 August 2011ZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Shamva SouthMSC17 December 2011ZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Mwenezi WestMVGLate 2011ZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Mount Darwin EastMSC11 January 2012ZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Masvingo NorthMVG4 October 2012ZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Mberengwa NorthMID30 November 2012ZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF

Senate vacancies

ConstituencyDate of vacancyParty of incumbent
before vacancyOutgoing memberReason for vacancy
ChegutuMSW25 August 2008ZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
ChiredziMVG25 August 2008ZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Gokwe SouthMID25 August 2008ZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
Gweru-ChirumanzuMID20 June 2009Movement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Bindura-ShamvaMSC23 October 2009ZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
MberengwaMID21 August 2009ZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
ChiefMBS2009Independent}}"Bidi
KadomaMSW30 July 2010ZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
HwangeMBN1 December 2010Movement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
ChiefMCL26 January 2011Independent}}"Chimombe
Provincial Governor of HarareHRE24 March 2011ZANU-PF}}"ZANU-PF
MabuthweniBYO26 December 2011Movement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
Masotsha NdlovuBYO2 March 2012Movement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T
ChipingeMCL24 September 2012Movement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai}}"MDC-T

Notes

References

References

  1. Cris Chinaka, [http://www.iht.com/articles/reuters/2008/08/20/africa/OUKWD-UK-ZIMBABWE-CRISIS.php "MDC says Mugabe parliament plans endanger talks"], Reuters (''International Herald Tribune''), 20 August 2008.
  2. [http://allafrica.com/stories/200808250158.html "President Appoints Ministers"], ''The Herald'' (allAfrica.com), 25 August 2008.
  3. Dumisani Muleya, [http://allafrica.com/stories/200808260017.html "Zimbabwe: Mugabe Bid to Wangle Speaker Post Backfires"], ''Business Day'', Johannesburg (allAfrica.com), 25 August 2008.
  4. [http://allafrica.com/stories/200808251079.html "Zimbabwe: Tsvangirai Wins Parliamentary Vote"], allAfrica.com, 25 August 2008.
  5. Celia W. Dugger, [http://www.iht.com/articles/2008/08/25/africa/zimbabwe.php "Zimbabwe opposition gains a key position"], ''International Herald Tribune'', 25 August 2008.
  6. [https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/7580366.stm "MDC wins Zimbabwe parliament vote"], BBC News, 25 August 2008.
  7. Also on 25 August, two MDC–T MPs, [[Shuwa Mudiwa]] and [[Eliah Jembere]], were arrested. Mudiwa was released later in the day and was sworn in as an MP. Wayne Bvudzijena, a police spokesman, said that the police questioned Mudiwa with regard to political violence, while Jembere was being held over rape charges.[http://allafrica.com/stories/200808260457.html "MDC-T MP for Epworth Arrested"], ''The Herald'' (allAfrica.com), 26 August 2008.
  8. link. (2006-06-15 , ''The Star'' (''IOL''), 25 August 2008, page 3.)
  9. [http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2008/08/26/africa/AF-Zimbabwe.php "Zimbabwe leader jeered at parliament opening"], Associated Press (''International Herald Tribune''), 26 August 2008.
  10. Cris Chinaka, [http://www.iht.com/articles/reuters/2008/08/26/africa/OUKWD-UK-ZIMBABWE-CRISIS.php "Mugabe opens parliament"]{{Dead link. (August 2021)
  11. [http://allafrica.com/stories/200808270468.html "MDC-T MPs' Behaviour Disgraceful"], ''The Herald'' (allAfrica.com), 27 August 2008.
  12. [https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/7580366.stm "MDC wins Zimbabwe parliament vote"], BBC News
  13. Kitsepile Nyathi and agencies, [http://allafrica.com/stories/200808260081.html "Zimbabwe: Mugabe Party Loses Election for Speaker"], ''The Nation'', 25 August 2008.
  14. link. (2006-06-15 , ''Cape Times'', 26 August 2008, page 1.)
  15. [https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7581439.stm "Speaker hope for new Zimbabwe era"], BBC News, 26 August 2008.
  16. [http://www.newzimbabwe.com/pages/parly45.18666.html "Madzongwe wins Senate presidency"] {{webarchive. link. (2008-08-29 , Newzimbabwe.com, 26 August 2008.)
  17. Tichaona Sibanda, {{usurped
  18. [http://allafrica.com/stories/200809170858.html "House to deal with constitutional changes next month"], ''The Herald'', 17 September 2008.
  19. {{cite constitution. (2009). link
  20. {{cite constitution. (2007). link
  21. {{cite constitution. (2009). link
  22. {{cite constitution. (2009). link
  23. {{cite constitution. (2007). link
  24. {{cite constitution. (2007). link
  25. (8 April 2003). "Fate of 8 Provincial Governors Uncertain". Voice of America.
  26. (25 August 2008). "Mugabe appoints 3 senators, 7 governors". TalkZimbabwe.
  27. (26 September 2011). "Swear in Makore, demands MDC". The Zimbabwean.
  28. (26 September 2011). "Swear in Makore, demands MDC". The Zimbabwean.
  29. (26 September 2011). "Swear in Makore, demands MDC". The Zimbabwean.
  30. (26 September 2011). "Swear in Makore, demands MDC". The Zimbabwean.
  31. {{cite constitution. (2007). link
  32. {{cite constitution. (2007). link
  33. {{cite constitution. (2009). link
  34. (2012-12-01). "GNU II?". The Zimbabwean.
  35. (2013-01-20). "World Report 2013: Zimbabwe". Human Rights Watch.
  36. (2013-07-01). "In brief: Zimbabwe - 2013 elections". House of Commons Library.
  37. Muzondidya, James. (2013-12-01). "The 2013 Elections in Zimbabwe: The End of an Era". Journal of Southern African Studies.
  38. (2020-05-13). "The efficacy of governments of national unity in Zimbabwe and Lesotho". ACCORD.
  39. (2013-07-01). "ZESN 2013 Advance Harmonised Election Report". Veritas Zimbabwe.
  40. (2013-01-20). "World Report 2013: Zimbabwe". Human Rights Watch.
  41. (2025-07-29). "Understanding the evolution and state of democracy in Zimbabwe: When a coup is not called a coup". Brookings Institution.
  42. (2011-01-01). "Supreme Court of Zimbabwe Judgments". Zimbabwe Legal Information Institute.
  43. (2013-01-01). "Four Years into Zimbabwe's Government of National Unity". AJOL.
  44. (2013-01-20). "World Report 2013: Zimbabwe". Human Rights Watch.
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