From Surf Wiki (app.surf) — the open knowledge base

3-Aminoisobutyric acid

Product of thymine metabolism

Summary

Product of thymine metabolism

3-Aminoisobutyric acid (also known as β-aminoisobutyric acid or BAIBA) is a product formed by the catabolism of thymine and valine.

During exercise, the increase of PGC-1α protein triggers the secretion of BAIBA from exercising muscles into the blood (concentration in human serum). When BAIBA reaches white fat tissue, it activates the expression of thermogenic genes via PPARα receptors, resulting in browning of white fat cells. One of the consequences of BAIBA activity is increased background metabolism of BAIBA target cells.

BAIBA is thought to play a number of roles in cell metabolism, regulation of fat burning, and regulation of insulin, blood triglycerides, and total cholesterol.

BAIBA is found as a normal metabolite of skeletal muscle (myokine). Its plasma concentrations are increased by exercise. The increased production is likely a result of enhanced mitochondrial activity, as this increase is also observed in muscle of PGC-1a overexpression mice. BAIBA is a proposed protective factor against metabolic disorders since it can induce brown fat function. But healthy diet with exercise is better.

References

(2023). "Signaling metabolite β-aminoisobutyric acid as a metabolic regulator, biomarker, and potential exercise pill". Frontiers in Endocrinology.
(7 January 2014). "β-Aminoisobutyric acid induces browning of white fat and hepatic β-oxidation and is inversely correlated with cardiometabolic risk factors". Cell Metabolism.
(June 2010). "Effects of β-aminoisobutyric acid on leptin production and lipid homeostasis: mechanisms and possible relevance for the prevention of obesity". Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology.
(June 2017). "Myobolites: muscle-derived metabolites with paracrine and systemic effects". Current Opinion in Pharmacology.
(February 2019). "Beta-Aminoisobutyric Acid as a Novel Regulator of Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism". Nutrients.
(2017-11-01). "Skeletal Muscle as an Endocrine Organ: The Role of Myokines in Exercise Adaptations". Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine.
(2022-12-27). "Alpha-Asarone modulates kynurenine disposal in muscle and mediates resilience to stress-induced depression via PGC-1α induction". CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics.
(2025-05-16). "High-Fat Diet and Metabolic Diseases: A Comparative Analysis of Sex-Dependent Responses and Mechanisms". International Journal of Molecular Sciences.
(January 2025). "Global consensus on optimal exercise recommendations for enhancing healthy longevity in older adults (ICFSR)". The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging.
(2021-10-08). "Energy deficiency impairs resistance training gains in lean mass but not strength: A meta-analysis and meta-regression". Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports.
(2023-11-20). "Nutrition and Mental Well-Being: Exploring Connections and Holistic Approaches". Journal of Clinical Medicine.
(2025-05-13). "The Interplay Between Psychological and Neurobiological Predictors of Weight Regain: A Narrative Review". Nutrients.

Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

beta-amino-acids exercise-biochemistry

Want to explore this topic further?

Ask Mako anything about 3-Aminoisobutyric acid — get instant answers, deeper analysis, and related topics.

Research with Mako

Free with your Surf account

Content sourced from Wikipedia, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This content may have been generated or modified by AI. CloudSurf Software LLC is not responsible for the accuracy, completeness, or reliability of AI-generated content. Always verify important information from primary sources.

Report