2312 (novel)

Plot summary

The novel is set in the year 2312, in the great city of Terminator on Mercury, which is built on gigantic tracks in order to constantly stay in the planet's habitable zone near the terminator. Swan Er Hong, an artist and former asteroid terrarium designer, is grieving over the sudden death of her step-grandmother, Alex, who was very influential among the inhabitants of Terminator. After the funeral procession, a conference is held among the family and the close friends of Alex, some of whom Swan has never heard of. This includes Fitz Wahram, a native of the moon Titan, and Jean Genette, a police detective who has been exiled from Mars. Following the conference, Swan decides to head out to Io to visit another friend of Alex's, called Wang, who has designed one of the largest qubes, or quantum computers. While Swan is visiting Wang on Io, an apparent attack of some sort fails. An attack on Terminator shortly follows; a meteorite of artificial origin destroys the city's tracks, stopping the city and exposing it to sun, essentially cooking it. As Swan travels, she learns more of the mystery surrounding her grandmother's death and the destruction of her home-city of Terminator. With Wahram and Genette, Swan travels throughout the Solar System and investigates an escalating series of conspiracies.

Inspector Genette eventually discovers how the artificial meteorite that destroyed Terminator was created: someone launched a large number of smaller objects on trajectories that would eventually cause them to coalesce above Mercury, but low enough that the planet's defense system could not destroy the now large object in time. The complexity of the attack leads Genette to determine that quantum computers must have been used.

Meanwhile, Swan and Wahram become involved in restoring and rewilding the climate-change-ravaged Earth by returning thousands of species from space-based temporary environments to their home environments on the Earth. Swan and Wahram fall in love over the course of the novel, marrying at the end.

Characters

• Swan Er Hong: an artist and former asteroid terrarium designer
• Fitz Wahram: diplomat from the moon Titan
• Jean Genette: a "small" who was a close friend to Alex
• Alex: influential and deceased scientist and diplomat; also Swan's step-grandmother
• Mqaret: a scientist and Alex's partner
• Kiran: a young Earth boy who saves Swan from trouble in his slum-like hometown; in gratitude, Swan gives him a job off-planet

Themes

Science and technology

In the world of the novel, the planets Mercury, Venus, and Mars are inhabited by humans, as are the moons of Saturn and Jupiter. Humans have a presence (or are building one) on all the inhabitable surfaces (including moons and satellites) within the Solar System. Almost all the Solar System's largest asteroids have been hollowed out to form "terrariums", which include an interior artificial environment designed to mimic various biomes (or combinations of these) found on earth. Some terrariums serve as animal reserves or farms for endangered or under-produced flora and fauna. Humans take shuttles to these asteroids and use them as transportation around the system. Some terrariums fail, such as one where a programming error leads to the near-destruction of the asteroid; in another terrarium, a small crack in the ice wall destroys most of its population.

In the novel, scientific and technological advances—such as human enhancement, settlements on other planets, and terraforming—have opened gateways to an extraordinary future. A major innovation is qubes, which are quantum computers possessing artificial intelligence (AI), often small enough that the wearer can have one implanted into their head or attached to their body (as one might wear a watch or carry a phone). Digital AI is still in use, but it is being supplanted by the smaller and more powerful qubes.

Capitalism has generally been replaced by a planned economy that is based on the mondragon (a Spanish cooperative federation) and controlled by quantum computers, but remnants of the market system persist on Earth.

Sex, sexuality and gender

Gender and sexuality in this universe are fluid and expansive, with gender and sexuality including many categories: feminine, masculine, androgynous, ambisexual, bisexual, neuter, eunuch, nonsexual, undifferentiated, gay, lesbian, queer, invert, homosexual, polymorphous, poly, labile, berdache, hijra, and two-spirit.

As part of a process for extending the human lifespan, many people exhibit intersex or "gynandromorphous" sex characteristics, including both penises and vaginas.

Development

Robinson has said that the novel began with the idea of a romance between two characters from Mercury and Saturn ("mercurial" and "saturnine" in temperament, respectively), with the broader setting being developed later.

Terminator, a city that slowly drives around Mercury to avoid direct light from the Sun, first appeared in Robinson's earlier novel The Memory of Whiteness, in addition to a brief mention in his Mars Trilogy. The city is also briefly mentioned in his 2015 novel Aurora.

Reception

Critical reception for 2312 has been mixed to positive, with Strange Horizons magazine writing that "readers must make up their own minds".

*Slate Magazine *and the *Guardian *both reviewed 2312, with Slate praising the book as "brilliant", while the *Guardian *criticized the book's ending as "contrived". Writing for the Los Angeles Times, Jeff VanderMeer called the book a "treasured gift to fans of passionate storytelling", writing that the book's "audacity" was an asset. James Nicoll, however, called it a "dreadful" book, in which the "science is so terrible as to be painful to read", and he stated that he was "astonished that [it] was not intended as parody".

The book won or was nominated for the following awards:

• won the 2013 Nebula Award for Best Novel
• was nominated for the 2013 Hugo Award for Best Novel
• was shortlisted for the 2012 BSFA Award for Best Novel
• was shortlisted for the 2013 Arthur C. Clarke Award
• was honor listed for the 2012 James Tiptree, Jr. Award
• was nominated for the 2012 Goodreads Choice Award for science fiction

References

References

1. "[http://www.locusmag.com/News/2013/05/2012-nebula-awards-winners/ 2012 Nebula Award Winners]," Locus Magazine, May 18, 2013.
2. Martín, Sara. "A Celebration of Mature Love: Posthuman Sexuality, Gender, and Romance in Kim Stanley Robinson's 2312." Science Fiction Studies, vol. 49 no. 3, 2022, p. 459-475. Project MUSE, https://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sfs.2022.0047.
3. Geek's Guide to the Galaxy. (June 13, 2012). "Kim Stanley Robinson Sees Humans Colonizing the Solar System in 2312". [[Wired News.
4. Kaveney, Roz. (June 12, 2012). "2312, By Kim Stanley Robinson". [[The Independent]].
5. Canavan, Gerry. (June 14, 2012). "Struggle Forever".
6. Yanarella, Ernest J.. (June 4, 2012). "''2312'' by Kim Stanley Robinson". Strange Horizons.
7. M John Harrison. (June 14, 2012). "2312 by Kim Stanley Robinson – review". [[The Guardian]].
8. Sicha, Choire. (June 1, 2012). "What Will Be". [[Slate (magazine).
9. VanderMeer, Jeff. "Review: Kim Stanley Robinson's '2312' a masterful, moving vision". [[Los Angeles Times]].
10. [https://jamesdavisnicoll.com/review/heard-it-all-before Heard It All Before], by [[James Nicoll]], at James Nicoll Reviews; published February 18, 2025; retrieved March 19, 2025
11. (March 31, 2013). "Hugo Award Finalists". LoneStarCon.
12. (January 18, 2013). "BSFA Shortlist Announced". British Science Fiction Association.
13. (April 4, 2013). "2013 Shortlist". Serendip.
14. (March 5, 2013). "Kiernan and Salaam Win Tiptree Awards". Locus Magazine.
15. "Best Science Fiction 2012 — Goodreads Choice Awards".