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2019 in spaceflight
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| Field | Value | |
|---|---|---|
| year | 2019 | |
| image | {{Photomontage | |
| photo1a | ChangE-4,_Yutu-2_(cropped).pngYutu-2 rover on the far side of the Moon | |
| photo2a | Crew Dragon at the ISS for Demo Mission 1 (cropped).jpgA Crew Dragon capsule approaches the International Space Station | |
| photo2b | LightSail 2 with deployed solar sail.pngLightSail 2 in flight above Earth | |
| photo3a | Ascent Abort-2 Liftoff.jpgA boilerplate Orion spacecraft launching from Spaceport Florida LC-46 | |
| size | 250 | |
| spacing | 3 | |
| color | transparent | |
| color_border | transparent | |
| caption | Highlights from spaceflight in 2019 | |
| first | 10 January | |
| last | 27 December | |
| total | 102 | |
| success | 97 | |
| failed | 5 | |
| catalogued | 97 | |
| firstflight | {{plainlist | |
| firstsat | {{plainlist | |
| firsttrav | {{plainlist | |
| maidens | {{plainlist | |
| retired | {{plainlist | |
| orbital | 3 | |
| suborbital | 1 (private) | |
| totalcrew | 12 (3 suborbital) | |
| EVAs | 11 |
- (first payload)
- Atlas V N22
- Hyperbola-1
- Jielong 1
- OneSpace OS-M1
- PSLV-DL
- PSLV-QL
- Antares 230+
- Antares 230
- Delta IV M+(5,4)
- Delta IV M+(4,2)
- Rokot
- Safir
- Soyuz-FG
This article documents notable spaceflight events during the year 2019.
Overview
Astronomy and astrophysics
The Russian-German X-ray observing satellite Spektr-RG was launched on 13 July.
Lunar exploration
The Chinese probe Chang'e 4 made humanity's first soft landing on the far side of the Moon on 3 January and released its Yutu 2 rover to explore the lunar surface on the far side for the first time in human history.
Israel's SpaceIL, one of the participants in the expired Google Lunar X Prize, launched the first private mission to the Moon in February. The Beresheet lander from SpaceIL made the landing attempt in April, but crashed onto the Moon. India launched the delayed Chandrayaan-2 lunar orbiter/lander/rover in July; the orbiter reached lunar orbit in September, but the Vikram lander crashed onto the lunar surface.
Exploration of the Solar System
The probe New Horizons encountered the Kuiper belt object 486958 Arrokoth on 1 January. This is the farthest object from the Sun ever to have a close encounter with a spacecraft. The Japanese asteroid exploration mission Hayabusa2 made a second touchdown with 162173 Ryugu to collect samples, and departed for Earth on 12 November. NASA declared the Mars rover ''Opportunity'''s mission over on 13 February. The InSight lander observed the first recorded Marsquake in April.
Human spaceflight
The first Commercial Crew Development test missions flew this year, aiming to restore United States human spaceflight capability following Space Shuttle retirement in 2011. In an uncrewed test flight, SpaceX SpaceX Dragon 2 successfully flew on a Falcon 9 to the International Space Station on 3 March 2019; the crewed mission was delayed when the recovered capsule exploded during testing on 20 April. Boeing's CST-100 Starliner launched a similar uncrewed test flight on an Atlas V on 20 December, but an anomaly during launch meant that it could not reach the ISS and had to land only 2 days later.
Rocket innovation
At the beginning of the year, around 100 small satellite launchers were in active use, in development, or were recently cancelled or stalled. Three Chinese manufacturers launched their first orbital rocket in 2019: The maiden flight of OS-M1 in March failed to reach orbit, the maiden flights of Hyperbola-1 in July and of Jielong 1 in August were successful. The PSLV-DL and PSLV-QL variants of the Indian PSLV first flew in January and April respectively.
SpaceX began testing of the SpaceX Starship in 2019, with an uncrewed prototype "Starhopper" flying 150m in the air in a suborbital test flight on 27 August. The heavy-lift Long March 5 made its return to flight in December, more than two years after the July 2017 launch failure that grounded the vehicle and forced an engine redesign.
The "single stick" Delta IV was retired in August, and the analog-controlled Soyuz-FG was retired in September. Due to Ukraine banning control system exports to Russia, Rokot was retired after a final flight in December.
Orbital and suborbital launches
Main article: List of spaceflight launches in January–June 2019, List of spaceflight launches in July–December 2019
| Month | Num. of successes | Num. of failures | Total | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| January | 7 | 1 | |||||
| February | 5 | 1 | |||||
| March | 8 | 1 | |||||
| April | 7 | 0 | |||||
| May | 8 | 1 | |||||
| June | 6 | 0 | |||||
| July | 11 | 1 | |||||
| August | 12 | 0 | |||||
| September | 6 | 0 | |||||
| October | 5 | 0 | |||||
| November | 12 | 0 | |||||
| December | 15 | 0 |
Deep-space rendezvous
| Date (UTC) | Spacecraft | Event | Remarks | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 January | New Horizons | Flyby of Kuiper belt object 486958 Arrokoth | The observed planetesimal, consisting of two spheroid pieces, was initially nicknamed Ultima Thule. | |
| 3 January | Chang'e 4 | Landing at Von Kármán crater | First landing on the far side of the Moon, coordinates . | |
| 12 February | Juno | 18th perijove of Jupiter | ||
| 21 February | Hayabusa2 | First sample collection from asteroid Ryugu | ||
| 4 April | nowrap | Parker Solar Probe | Second perihelion | |
| 4 April | Beresheet | Lunar orbital insertion | ||
| 5 April | Hayabusa2 | Release of Small Carry-On Impactor (SCI) on the surface of Ryugu | SCI created a crater for further investigation. A dedicated DCAM-3 camera was deployed to observe the impact. | |
| 6 April | Juno | 19th perijove | ||
| 11 April | Beresheet | Lunar landing | Crashed due to gyroscope failure | |
| 29 May | Juno | 20th perijove | ||
| 11 July | Hayabusa2 | Second sample collection from Ryugu | ||
| 21 July | Juno | 21st perijove | ||
| 20 August | nowrap | Chandrayaan-2 | Lunar orbital insertion | |
| 1 September | Parker Solar Probe | Third perihelion | ||
| 6 September | Chandrayaan-2 | Lunar landing | Vikram lander crashed after it lost attitude and contact at an altitude of 2.3 km. | |
| nowrap | 12 September | Juno | 22nd perijove | |
| 2 October | Hayabusa2 | Deployment of ROVER-2 (MINERVA-II-2) | Rover failed before deployment, it was deployed in orbit around the asteroid to perform gravitational measurements before it impacted on 8 October. | |
| 3 November | Juno | 23rd perijove | ||
| 13 November | Hayabusa2 | Departure from Ryugu | ||
| 26 December | Parker Solar Probe | Second gravity assist at Venus | ||
| 26 December | Juno | 24th perijove |
Extravehicular activities (EVAs)
| Start date/time | Duration | End time | Spacecraft | Crew | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 22 March 12:01 | 6 hours | 18:40 | Expedition 59 | Anne McClain | |
| 29 March 11:42 | 6 hours | 18:27 | Expedition 59 | Nick Hague | |
| 8 April 11:31 | 6 hours 29 minutes | 18:00 | Expedition 59 | Anne McClain | |
| 29 May 15:42 | 6 hours 1 minute | 21:43 | Expedition 59 | Oleg Kononenko | |
| 21 August 12:27 | 6 hours 32 minutes | 18:59 | Expedition 60 | Nick Hague | |
| 6 October 11:39 | 7 hours 01 minutes | 18:40 | Expedition 61 | Christina Koch | |
| 11 October 11:38 | 6 hours 45 minutes | 18:23 | Expedition 61 | Andrew R. Morgan | |
| 18 October | 7 hours 17 minutes | 18:55 | Expedition 61 | Christina Koch | |
| 15 November | 6 hours 39 minutes | 18:18 | Expedition 61 | Luca Parmitano | |
| 22 November | 6 hours 33 minutes | 16:35 | Expedition 61 | Luca Parmitano | |
| 2 December | 6 hours 2 minutes | 17:33 | Expedition 61 | Luca Parmitano |
Space debris events
| Date/Time (UTC) | Pieces tracked | Remarks | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 27 March | nowrap | Microsat-R (suspected) | |||
| and kinetic kill vehicle | nowrap | 2019 Indian anti-satellite missile test | |||
| Early April | nowrap | A Centaur 3 upper stage | |||
| (previously International Designator 2018-079B) | nowrap | Unknown{{Cite web | url=https://orbitaldebris.jsc.nasa.gov/quarterly-news/pdfs/odqnv23i3.pdf | title=Orbital Debris Quarterly News | last=National Aeronautics and Space Administration |
| 7 May | nowrap | Titan IIIC Transtage rocket body | nowrap | Titan IIIC Transtage rocket body | |
| 13 August | nowrap | Ariane 42P third stage rocket body | nowrap | Unknown | |
| 19 August | nowrap | SOZ (Sistema Obespecheniya Zapuska) ullage motor | nowrap | Proton Block DM fourth stage |
Orbital launch statistics
By country
For the purposes of this section, the yearly tally of orbital launches by country assigns each flight to the country of origin of the rocket, not to the launch services provider or the spaceport. For example, Soyuz launches by Arianespace in Kourou are counted under Russia because Soyuz-2 is a Russian rocket.
| Country | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| failures | style="text-align:left;" | style="text-align:left;" | style="text-align:left;" | style="text-align:left;" | style="text-align:left;" | style="text-align:left;" | style="text-align:left;" | style="text-align:left;" | style="text-align:left;" | World | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 34 | 32 | 2 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 25 | 25 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 21 | 21 | 0 | 0 |
By rocket
By family
| Family | Country | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antares | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Ariane | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Atlas | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Delta | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Electron | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Epsilon | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Falcon | 13 | 13 | 0 | 0 | ||
| GLSV Mk III | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
| H-II | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Hyperbola | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight | |
| Jielong | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight | |
| Kuaizhou | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Long March | 26 | 25 | 1 | 0 | ||
| Pegasus | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
| OneSpace | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Maiden flight | |
| PSLV | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | ||
| R-7 | 18 | 18 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Safir | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | ||
| Simorgh | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | ||
| Universal Rocket | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Vega | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
By type
| Rocket | Country | Family | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antares 200 | Antares | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Ariane 5 | Ariane | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Atlas V | Atlas | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Delta IV | Delta | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Electron | Electron | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Epsilon | Epsilon | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Falcon 9 | Falcon | 13 | 13 | 0 | 0 | ||
| GLSV Mk III | GLSV Mk III | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
| H-IIB | H-II | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Hyperbola-1 | Hyperbola | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight | |
| Jielong 1 | Jielong | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight | |
| Kuaizhou-1 | Kuaizhou | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Long March 2 | Long March | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Long March 3 | Long March | 12 | 12 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Long March 4 | Long March | 7 | 6 | 1 | 0 | ||
| Long March 5 | Long March | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Long March 6 | Long March | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Long March 11 | Long March | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | ||
| OS-M1 | OneSpace | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Maiden flight | |
| Pegasus XL | Pegasus | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Proton | Universal Rocket | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | ||
| PSLV | PSLV | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Safir | Safir | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Final flight | |
| Simorgh | Simorgh | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | ||
| Soyuz | R-7 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | Final flight | |
| Soyuz-2 | R-7 | 15 | 15 | 0 | 0 | ||
| UR-100 | Universal Rocket | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | Final flight | |
| Vega | Vega | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
By configuration
| Rocket | Country | Type | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antares 230 | Antares 200 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Final flight | |
| Antares 230+ | Antares 200 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight | |
| Ariane 5 ECA | Ariane 5 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Atlas V 401 | Atlas V | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Atlas V 411 | Atlas V | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Atlas V 531 | Atlas V | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Atlas V 551 | Atlas V | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Atlas V N22 | Atlas V | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight | |
| Delta IV Medium+ (4,2) | Delta IV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Final flight | |
| Delta IV Medium+ (5,4) | Delta IV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Final flight | |
| Delta IV Heavy | Delta IV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Epsilon | Epsilon | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Electron | Electron | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Falcon 9 Block 5 | Falcon 9 | 11 | 11 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Falcon Heavy | Falcon 9 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | ||
| GSLV Mk III | GSLV Mk III | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
| H-IIB | H-IIB | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Hyperbola-1 | Hyperbola-1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight | |
| Jielong 1 | Jielong 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight | |
| Kuaizhou-1A | Kuaizhou-1 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Long March 2C | Long March 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Long March 2D | Long March 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Long March 3B/E | Long March 3 | 8 | 8 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Long March 3B/E / YZ-1 | Long March 3 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Long March 3C/E | Long March 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Long March 4B | Long March 4 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Long March 4C | Long March 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| Long March 5 | Long March 5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Long March 6 | Long March 6 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Long March 11 | Long March 11 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | ||
| OS-M1 | OneSpace | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Maiden flight | |
| Pegasus XL | Pegasus XL | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Proton-M / Briz-M or DM-03 | Proton | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Proton-M / Blok DM-03 | Proton | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | ||
| PSLV-CA | PSLV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
| PLSV-DL | PSLV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight | |
| PLSV-QL | PSLV | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight | |
| PLSV-XL | PSLV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Rokot / Briz-KM | UR-100 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | Final flight | |
| Safir | Safir | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Final flight | |
| Simorgh | Simorgh | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | ||
| Soyuz-FG | Soyuz | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | Final flight | |
| Soyuz-2.1a or ST-A | Soyuz-2 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Soyuz-2.1a or ST-A / Fregat-M | Soyuz-2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Soyuz-2.1b or ST-B / Fregat-M | Soyuz-2 | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Soyuz-2-1v / Volga | Soyuz-2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Vega | Vega | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
By spaceport
| Site | Country | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks | Total | 102 | 97 | 5 | 0 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baikonur | 13 | 13 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||
| Cape Canaveral | 13 | 13 | 0 | 0 | Includes the 11 October Pegasus XL launch whose carrier aircraft took flight from Cape Canaveral | ||||||||||||
| Jiuquan | 9 | 8 | 1 | 0 | |||||||||||||
| Kennedy | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||
| Kourou | 9 | 8 | 1 | 0 | |||||||||||||
| Mahia | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||
| MARS | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||
| Palmachim | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||
| Plesetsk | 8 | 8 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||
| Satish Dhawan | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||
| Semnan | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | Additionally, one rocket exploded on the launch pad during a ground test. | ||||||||||||
| Sohae | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||
| Taiyuan | 10 | 9 | 1 | 0 | |||||||||||||
| Tanegashima | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||
| Uchinoura | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||
| Vandenberg | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||
| Vostochny | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||
| Wenchang | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||
| Xichang | 13 | 13 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||
| Yellow Sea | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
By orbit
| Orbital regime | Launches | Achieved | Not achieved | Accidentally | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| achieved | Remarks | Total | 102 | 97 | 5 | 0 | ||||||
| Transatmospheric | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
| Low Earth / Sun-synchronous | 66 | 61 | 5 | 0 | ||||||||
| Medium Earth | 9 | 9 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
| Geosynchronous / GTO | 24 | 24 | 0 | 0 | Includes two inclined GSO orbits (IGSO) | |||||||
| High Earth / Lunar transfer | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
| Heliocentric / Planetary transfer | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Notes
References
References
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