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2012 in spaceflight

none

Field	Value
year	2012
image	COTS2Dragon.2..jpg
caption	The Dragon spacecraft (pictured) conducted the first COTS demonstration logistics flight in May 2012, becoming the first commercial spacecraft to rendezvous with the International Space Station.
first	9 January
last	19 December
total	77
success	72
failed	2
partial	3
catalogued	75
maidens	{{plainlist
retired	{{plainlist
firstlaunch
firstsat

orbital	5
totalcrew	15
EVAs	5

Delta IV-M+ (5,2)
Unha-3
Vega
Long March 3B
Long March 3C
Proton-K

The year 2012 saw a number of significant events in spaceflight. In May and October, the first Commercial Orbital Transportation Services resupply missions took place, during which the SpaceX Dragon became the first private spacecraft to dock with the International Space Station (ISS). In June, China launched the crewed Shenzhou 9 orbital mission, and North Korea achieved its first successful orbital launch in December. 2012 also saw China's first successful asteroid exploration mission, and the landing of NASA's Curiosity rover on Mars. The Vega and Unha-3 rockets made their maiden flights in 2012, while the Proton-K made its last.

A total of 77 orbital launches were attempted in 2012, of which 72 were successful, three were partially successful and two were failures. Five crewed orbital missions were conducted over the course of the year, all successfully, carrying a total of 15 individuals into orbit. The year also saw five EVAs by ISS astronauts. The majority of the year's orbital launches were conducted by Russia, China and the United States, with 29, 19 and 13 launches respectively. A total of 139 payloads were launched during the year, including communication and navigation satellites, logistics spacecraft and scientific probes. Additionally, a large number of suborbital sounding rockets and ballistic missiles were launched by scientific and military organisations.

Overview of orbital spaceflight

A total of 77 orbital launches were attempted in 2012, with 72 being reported as successful, and a total of 139 payloads launched. The three most prolific spacefaring nations were Russia, with 29 launches and 27 successes; China, with 19 launches, all of which succeeded; and the United States, with 13 launches, of which 12 succeeded and one was a partial failure. European nations conducted eight orbital launches, all successfully, while India and Japan conducted two each, also successfully. Iran and North Korea both achieved one successful orbital launch during 2012, but Iran also suffered one launch failures, while North Korea suffered one.

Crewed spaceflight

Five crewed orbital launches were conducted during 2012, all successfully, carrying a total of 15 astronauts into orbit. Four of these missions were flown using Russian Soyuz spacecraft, while the fifth was a Chinese Shenzhou launch. All of the year's crewed missions rendezvoused with space stations – the four Soyuz missions docked with the International Space Station (ISS), while China's Shenzhou 9 docked with the Tiangong-1 orbital laboratory. Five spacewalks were also undertaken in 2012, all by ISS crewmembers.

Robotic exploration

Numerous significant milestones in robotic spaceflight occurred in 2012, including the landing of NASA's Curiosity rover on Mars in August, and the first commercial resupply missions to the ISS in May and October. The latter also marked the first fully operational use of SpaceX's Dragon spacecraft. Elsewhere in the Solar System, NASA's Dawn spacecraft completed its mission to 4 Vesta in September 2012, while China achieved its first asteroid flyby in December.

Orbital launches

January

|- |d-date = 27 October 2016

|d-date = 28 April |d-time = 13:46

February

|- |d-date = 1 April

March

|- |d-date = 3 October |d-time = 01:23

April

|d-date = 12 April

|d-date = 20 August 2012

May

|d-date = 3 November 2014

|d-date = 17 September |d-time = 02:53

|d-date = 24 September

Amateur radio

ISS logistics |d-date = 31 May |d-time = 16:42 |d-date = 27 June

|d-date = 23 May

June

|d-date = 29 June |d-time = 02:01 |d-date = 2 December

July

|d-date = 19 November |d-time = 01:56

Earth observation |d-date = 18 November 2022

Technology demonstration

August

|- |d-date = 9 February 2013 |d-date = 24 November

Achieved: Medium Earth |o-span = 2 |d-date = 5 February 2021 Achieved: Medium Earth |o-span = inherit |d-date = In orbit

September

|- Technology demonstration

October

|d-date = 28 October |d-time = 19:22 |d-date = 10 October

|d-date = 16 March 2013 |d-time = 03:06

|d-date = 21 April 2013

November

|d-date = 1 March 2023 |d-date = 5 October 2019 |d-date = 11 January 2024 |d-date = 11 January 2024

December

|d-date = 17 October 2014

satellite reached orbit but malfunctioned thereafter.

|d-date = 14 May 2013 |d-time = 02:31

Suborbital flights

|d-date = 11 January

|d-date = 24 January

|d-date = 10 February

|d-date = 13 February

|d-date = 19 February

|d-date = 22 February

|d-date = 25 February

|d-date = 22 March

|d-date = 27 March

|d-date = 5 April

|d-date = 14 April

|d-date = 16 April

|d-date = 19 April

|d-time = 23 April

|d-date = 25 April

|d-date = 10 May

|d-date = 23 May

|d-date = 7 June

|d-date = 21 June

|d-date = 22 June

|d-date = 23 June

|d-date = 27 June

|d-date = 3 July

|d-date = 5 July

|d-date = 11 July

|d-date = 13 July

|d-date = 23 July

|d-date = 24 July

|d-date = 7 August

|d-date = 9 August

|d-date = 12 September

|d-date = 13 September

|d-time = 13 September

|d-date = 19 September

|d-date = 21 September

|d-date = 22 September

|d-date = 4 October

|d-date = 5 October

|d-date = 19 October

|d-date = 23 October

|d-date = 24 October

|d-date = 25 October

|d-date = 2 November

|d-date= 14 November

|d-date = 21 November

|d-date = 23 November

|d-date = 25 November

|d-date=28 November

|d-date = 8 December

|d-date = 13 December

|d-date = 17 December

|d-date = 20 December

Deep space rendezvous

Date (UTC)	Spacecraft	Event	Remarks
1 January	GRAIL-B	Lunar orbit insertion	Joined its twin, GRAIL-A, which entered lunar orbit on 31 December 2011.
2 January	Cassini	80th flyby of Titan	Closest approach: 29415 km.
30 January	Cassini	81st flyby of Titan	Closest approach: 31131 km.
19 February	Cassini	82nd flyby of Titan	Closest approach: 3803 km.
9 March	Cassini	Flyby of Enceladus	Closest approach: 9000 km.
27 March	Cassini	17th flyby of Enceladus	Closest approach: 74 km.
14 April	Cassini	18th flyby of Enceladus
Flyby of Tethys	Closest approach to Enceladus: 74 km.
Closest approach to Tethys: 9000 km.
2 May	Cassini	20th flyby of Enceladus
Flyby of Dione	Closest approach to Enceladus: 74 km.
Closest approach to Dione: 8000 km.
20 May	Cassini	Flyby of Methone
Flyby of Telesto	Closest approach to Methone: 2000 km.
Closest approach to Telesto: 11000 km.
21 May	Cassini	83rd flyby of Titan	Closest approach: 955 km.
6 June	Cassini	84th flyby of Titan	Closest approach: 959 km.
24 July	Cassini	85th flyby of Titan	Closest approach: 1012 km.
6 August	Curiosity	Landing on Mars in Gale Crater	Used the Sky Crane soft landing system. Successful landing at 05:14 UTC at coordinates .
url=https://www.space.com/17119-nasa-dawn-asteroid-spacecraft-vesta.html	title=NASA's Dawn Spacecraft Hits Snag on Trip to 2 Asteroids	work=Space.com	date=15 August 2012	access-date=27 August 2012}}	Dawn	Leaving Vestiocentric orbit	Headed for Ceres, which it reached on 6 March 2015.
26 September	Cassini	86th flyby of Titan	Closest approach: 956 km.
13 November	Cassini	87th flyby of Titan	Closest approach: 973 km.
29 November	Cassini	88th flyby of Titan	Closest approach to Titan: 1014 km.
13 December	Chang'e 2	Flyby of 4179 Toutatis	First Chinese asteroid flyby. Closest approach to 4179 Toutatis: less than 1 km (770 metres).
17 December	GRAIL	Lunar impact at "Sally K. Ride" site	Both GRAIL satellites concluded their mission by impacting the Moon's surface.
22 December	Cassini	Distant flyby of Titan
Flyby of Rhea	Closest approach to Titan: 715000 km.
Closest approach to Rhea: 23000 km.

EVAs

Start Date/Time	Duration	End Time	Spacecraft	Crew	Remarks
url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2012/02/cosmonaut-duo-conduct-russian-spacewalk-iss/	author= Pete Harding	publisher=NASASpaceflight.com	title=Cosmonaut duo complete Russian spacewalk outside ISS	date=16 February 2012	access-date=19 February 2012}}	6 hours
15 minutes	20:46	Expedition 29/30	RUS Oleg Kononenko	Moved Strela 1 crane from ISS Pirs module to Poisk module, installed four materials experiments on the exterior of the ISS, and installed supporting struts on the EVA ladder on Pirs.
url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/space/9489676/Russian-cosmonauts-perform-six-hour-spacewalk-outside-International-Space-Station.html	archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120823232437/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/space/9489676/Russian-cosmonauts-perform-six-hour-spacewalk-outside-International-Space-Station.html	url-status=dead	archive-date=23 August 2012	title=Russian cosmonauts perform six-hour spacewalk outside International Space Station	work=The Daily Telegraph	date=21 August 2012	access-date=27 August 2012}}	5 hours
51 minutes	22:28	Expedition 31/32	RUS Gennady Padalka	Relocated Strela 2 telescoping boom from Pirs docking compartment to Zarya control module, in preparation for undocking of Pirs, which will pave the way for arrival of the Russian Multipurpose Laboratory Module in 2013. Also installed micrometeoroid debris shields on Zvezda service module, retrieved two experiments from Pirs' exterior, installed two support struts for hatch ladder and deployed two small tracking satellites.
30 August
12:16	8 hours
17 minutes	20:33	Expedition 31/32	USA Sunita Williams	url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2012/08/astronaut-perform-first-post-shuttle-spacewalk-iss/	title=Astronaut duo complete challenging first post-Shuttle US spacewalk on ISS	author=Pete Harding	publisher=NASASpaceflight	date=30 August 2012	access-date=4 September 2012}}
5 September
11:06	6 hours
28 minutes	17:34	Expedition 31/32	USA Sunita Williams	Installed the new MBSU unit, working around difficulty with one of the bolts; replaced one of the cameras mounted on the Canadarm2. During this spacewalk, Sunita Williams broke Peggy Whitson's 2007 record for most total time spacewalking by a woman.
1 November
12:29	6 hours
38 minutes	19:07	Expedition 32/33	USA Sunita Williams	Reconfigured and isolated a leak in the ammonia cooling system of power channel 2B on the P6 truss by bypassing a leaking cooling loop and re-connecting jumpers to an unused loop of the Early External Thermal Control System (EETCS), and by redeploying the trailing Thermal Control Radiator of the system.

Orbital launch statistics

By country

For the purposes of this section, the yearly tally of orbital launches by country assigns each flight to the country of origin of the rocket, not to the launch services provider or the spaceport. For example, Soyuz launches by Arianespace in Kourou are counted under Russia because Soyuz-2 is a Russian rocket.

| [ {"value":260, "color":"#a52a2a", "label": "Russia: 26 (33.76%)"}, {"value":190, "color":"#ff0000", "label": "China: 19 (24.67%)"}, {"value":120, "color":"#484785", "label": "United States: 12 (16.88%)"}, {"value":70, "color":"#318ce7", "label": "France: 7 (9.09%)"}, {"value":30, "color":"#ffd700", "label": "Ukraine: 3 (3.90%)"}, {"value":20, "color":"#ffffff", "label": "Japan: 2 (2.60%)"}, {"value":20, "color":"#ff9933", "label": "India: 2 (2.60%)"}, {"value":20, "color":"#239f40", "label": "Iran: 2 (2.60%)"}, {"value":20, "color":"#ffc0cb", "label": "North Korea: 2 (2.60%)"}, {"value":9, "color":"#808000", "label": "Italy: 1 (1.30%)"}, ]

Country	Launches	Successes	Failures
failures			style="text-align:left;"	style="text-align:left;"	style="text-align:left;"	style="text-align:left;"	style="text-align:left;"	style="text-align:left;"	style="text-align:left;"	style="text-align:left;"	style="text-align:left;"	style="text-align:left;"	World
19	19	0	0
7	7	0	0
2	2	0	0
2	1	1	0
1	1	0	0
2	2	0	0
2	1	1	0
26	24	1	1
3	3	0	0
13	12	0	1

By rocket

By family

Family	Launches	Successes	Failures	Partial failures	Remarks
Ariane	7	7	0	0
Atlas	6	6	0	0
Delta	4	4	0	0
Falcon	2	1	0	1	8 October rocket failure only affected one of two payloads
H-II	2	2	0	0
Long March	19	19	0	0
Pegasus	1	1	0	0
PSLV	2	2	0	0
R-7	14	14	0	0
Safir	2	1	1	0
Unha	2	1	1	0	First successful launch
Universal Rocket	12	10	1	1
Vega	1	1	0	0	Maiden flight
Zenit	3	3	0	0

By type

Rocket	Family	Launches	Successes	Failures	Partial failures	Remarks
Ariane 5	Ariane	7	7	0	0
Atlas V	Atlas	6	6	0	0
Delta IV	Delta	4	4	0	0
Falcon 9	Falcon	2	1	0	1	Failure only affected one of two payloads
H-IIA	H-II	1	1	0	0
H-IIB	H-II	1	1	0	0
Long March 2	Long March	6	6	0	0
Long March 3	Long March	9	9	0	0
Long March 4	Long March	4	4	0	0
Pegasus	Pegasus	1	1	0	0
PSLV	PSLV	2	2	0	0
Proton	Universal Rocket	11	9	1	1
Safir	Safir	2	1	1	0
Soyuz	R-7	10	10	0	0
Soyuz-2	R-7	4	4	0	0
Unha	Unha	2	1	1	0	First successful launch
UR-100	Universal Rocket	1	1	0	0
Vega	Vega	1	1	0	0	Maiden flight
Zenit	Zenit	3	3	0	0

By configuration

Rocket	Type	Launches	Successes	Failures	Partial failures	Remarks
Ariane 5 ECA	Ariane 5	6	6	0	0
Ariane 5 ES	Ariane 5	1	1	0	0
Atlas V 401	Atlas V	3	3	0	0
Atlas V 501	Atlas V	1	1	0	0
Atlas V 531	Atlas V	1	1	0	0
Atlas V 551	Atlas V	1	1	0	0
Delta IV Medium+ (4,2)	Delta IV	1	1	0	0
Delta IV Medium+ (5,2)	Delta IV	1	1	0	0	Maiden flight
Delta IV Medium+ (5,4)	Delta IV	1	1	0	0
Delta IV Heavy	Delta IV	1	1	0	0
Falcon 9 v1.0	Falcon 9	2	1	0	1	Failure only affected one of two payloads
H-IIA 202	H-IIA	1	1	0	0
H-IIB	H-IIB	1	1	0	0
Long March 2C	Long March 2	2	2	0	0
Long March 2D	Long March 2	3	3	0	0
Long March 2F	Long March 2	1	1	0	0
Long March 3A	Long March 3	1	1	0	0
Long March 3B	Long March 3	1	1	0	0	Final flight
Long March 3B/E	Long March 3	4	4	0	0
Long March 3C	Long March 3	3	3	0	0	Final flight
Long March 4B	Long March 4	2	2	0	0
Long March 4C	Long March 4	2	2	0	0
Pegasus XL	Pegasus	1	1	0	0
PSLV-CA	PSLV	1	1	0	0
PSLV-XL	PSLV	1	1	0	0
Proton-K / Block DM-2	Proton	1	1	0	0	Final flight
Proton-M / Briz-M	Proton	10	8	1	1
Rokot / Briz-KM	UR-100	1	1	0	0
Safir-1B	Safir	2	1	1	0
Soyuz-2.1a / Fregat-M	Soyuz-2	2	2	0	0
Soyuz ST-A / Fregat	Soyuz-2	1	1	0	0
Soyuz ST-B / Fregat-MT	Soyuz-2	1	1	0	0
Soyuz-FG	Soyuz	4	4	0	0
Soyuz-FG / Fregat	Soyuz	1	1	0	0
Soyuz-U	Soyuz	5	5	0	0
Unha-3	Unha	2	1	1	0	Maiden flight
Vega	Vega	1	1	0	0	Maiden flight
Zenit-3SL	Zenit	3	3	0	0

By spaceport

Site	Country	Launches	Successes	Failures	Partial failures
Baikonur		21	19	1	1
Cape Canaveral		10	9	0	1
Kourou		10	10	0	0
Jiuquan		5	5	0	0
Kwajalein		1	1	0	0
Ocean Odyssey	UN International waters	3	3	0	0
Plesetsk		3	3	0	0
Satish Dhawan		2	2	0	0
Semnan		2	1	1	0
Sohae		2	1	1	0
Tanegashima		2	2	0	0
Taiyuan		5	5	0	0
Vandenberg		2	2	0	0
Xichang		9	9	0	0

By orbit

(transfer) : Inclined GSO : High Earth : Heliocentric

Orbital regime	Launches	Successes	Failures	Accidentally
achieved	Remarks	Total	77	74	3	1
Transatmospheric	0	0	0	0
Low Earth	39	37	2	0	12 to ISS, 1 to Tiangong-1
Medium Earth / Molniya	5	5	0	1
Geosynchronous / GTO	32	31	1	0
High Earth / Lunar transfer	1	1	0	0
Heliocentric / Planetary transfer	0	0	0	0

Notes

References

Footnotes

References

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