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2002 Costa Rican general election

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Field	Value
country	Costa Rica
flag_year	state
previous_election	1998 Costa Rican general election
previous_year	1998
election_date
(second round)
next_election	2006 Costa Rican general election
next_year	2006
module	{{Infobox election
embed	yes
election_name	Presidential election
type	presidential
registered	2,279,851
turnout	68.84% (first round) 1.15pp
60.22% (second round)
image1	Defense.gov News Photo 050511-D-9880W-053 (cropped).jpg
nominee1	Abel Pacheco
running_mate1	Lineth Saborío
Luis Fishman
party1	Social Christian Unity Party
popular_vote1	776,278
percentage1	57.95%
image2	Rolando_Araya_cropped.jpg
nominee2	Rolando Araya
running_mate2	Fernando Naranjo
Sandra Piszk
party2	National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)
popular_vote2	563,202
percentage2	42.05%
map	{{Switcher
Second round results by district	default	2
map_caption	Pacheco:
Araya:
Solís:
Tie:
title	President
before_election	Miguel Ángel Rodríguez
before_party	Social Christian Unity Party
after_election	Abel Pacheco
after_party	Social Christian Unity Party
module	{{Infobox legislative election
embed	yes
election_name	Legislative election
seats_for_election	All 57 seats in the Legislative Assembly
majority_seats	29
turnout	68.84% ( 1.08pp)
party1	Social Christian Unity Party
leader1	Abel Pacheco
percentage1	29.78
seats1	19
last_election1	27
party2	National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)
leader2	Rolando Araya Monge
percentage2	27.10
seats2	17
last_election2	23
party3	Citizens' Action Party (Costa Rica)
leader3	Ottón Solís
percentage3	21.96
seats3	14
last_election3	New
party4	Libertarian Movement (Costa Rica)
leader4	Otto Guevara
percentage4	9.34
seats4	6
last_election4	1
party5	Costa Rican Renovation Party
leader5	Justo Orozco
percentage5	3.59
seats5	1
last_election5	1
map	Elecciones legislativas de Costa Rica de 2002 - Diputados por Provincia.svg
map_caption	Results by province

(second round)

60.22% (second round)

Luis Fishman

Sandra Piszk

| [[File:Elección Presidencial de Costa Rica (2002) (Primera Ronda) (Distritos Administrativos).svg|300px]] | First round results by district | [[File:Elección Presidencial de Costa Rica (2002) (Segunda Ronda) (Distritos Administrativos).svg|300px]] | Second round results by district|default=2 Araya:
Solís:
Tie:

General elections were held in Costa Rica on 3 February 2002. For the first time in the country's history, no candidate in the presidential election passed the 40% threshold. This meant a second round of voting had to be held on 7 April which saw Abel Pacheco of the Social Christian Unity Party defeat the National Liberation Party's Rolando Araya Monge.

Many analysts consider this election the beginning of the end of Costa Rica's decades-long two party system. For the first time in many years alternative political forces become really relevant in the Parliament and the plenary had three large party groups; PUSC (19), PLN (17) and PAC (14).

While PUSC won the presidential election and the majority in Congress, PLN became the primal opposition force in Parliament. Centre-left PAC with a progressive proposal seem to had gravely affected traditional third forces at the left of the spectrum like Democratic Force that fail to win any seat on that election even when for some years was Costa Rica's main third party. Right-wing Libertarian Movement also increases its representation from one to six deputies while conservative Costa Rican Renewal Party won one seat as usual.

It was the first time in Costa Rica an evangelical Christian party, the Christian National Alliance, nominated a catholic, biologist and professor Marvin Calvo Montoya, as its presidential candidate. It was also the last presidential election of the Christian National Alliance.

Despite the close contest, voter turnout was only 69% on 3 February the lowest since the 1958 elections. For the second round of the presidential elections it fell to 60%, the lowest since 1949.

Background

Before the election, the country's Supreme Electoral Tribinal attempted to make several reforms to the electoral system. These included allowing independents to run in local elections, using electronic voting machines, allowing Costa Ricans living abroad to vote, and allowing voters to choose the top two places on parliamentary lists. However, the changes were rejected by the Legislative Assembly, which noted that independent candidature was incompatible with the constitution, and that electronic voting could not be guaranteed to be secure or transparent.

Results

President

By province

First round

Province %	PUSC %	PLN %	PAC %	ML %	PRC %	PIN %	FD %	Other %	Social Christian Unity Party}}"
San José	Social Christian Unity Party}}; color:white;"	36.6	28.5	31.1	1.6	0.8	0.6	0.2	0.7
Alajuela	Social Christian Unity Party}}; color:white;"	37.8	34.1	24.7	1.4	0.9	0.3	0.2	0.6
Cartago	Social Christian Unity Party}}; color:white;"	35.4	31.8	28.4	1.9	0.7	0.5	0.4	1.0
Heredia	Social Christian Unity Party}}; color:white;"	36.1	26.8	33.2	1.6	1.1	0.4	0.2	0.7
Puntarenas	Social Christian Unity Party}}; color:white;"	45.0	33.8	15.8	2.5	1.7	0.2	0.3	0.9
Limón	Social Christian Unity Party}}; color:white;"	48.6	28.4	14.9	2.8	3.1	0.3	0.4	1.5
Guanacaste	Social Christian Unity Party}}; color:white;"	44.3	40.6	12.1	0.9	1.2	0.2	0.2	0.8
Total	Social Christian Unity Party}}; color:white;"	38.6	31.1	26.2	1.7	1.1	0.4	0.3	0.9

Second round

Province	PUSC %	PLN %	Social Christian Unity Party}}"
San José	Social Christian Unity Party}}; color:white;"	57.7	42.3
Alajuela	Social Christian Unity Party}}; color:white;"	56.1	43.9
Cartago	Social Christian Unity Party}}; color:white;"	55.6	44.4
Heredia	Social Christian Unity Party}}; color:white;"	58.1	41.9
Puntarenas	Social Christian Unity Party}}; color:white;"	59.7	40.3
Limón	Social Christian Unity Party}}; color:white;"	67.0	33.0
Guanacaste	Social Christian Unity Party}}; color:white;"	57.1	42.9
Total	Social Christian Unity Party}}; color:white;"	58.0	42.0

Parliament

By constituency

Constituency	PUSC	PLN	PAC	ML	PRC	FD	PIN	Other	Social Christian Unity Party}}"		National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)}}"		Citizens' Action Party (Costa Rica)}}"		Libertarian Movement (Costa Rica)}}"		Costa Rican Renovation Party}}"
San José	Social Christian Unity Party}}; color:white;"	27.1	6	24.2	5	27.0	6	11.8	2	3.6	1	1.7	0	1.8	0	2.8	0
Alajuela	30.2	4	National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)}}; color:white;"	30.5	4	20.7	2	7.5	1	2.8	0	1.3	0	1.4	0	5.4	0
Cartago	Social Christian Unity Party}}; color:white;"	25.7	2	25.4	2	20.8	2	7.3	1	2.0	0	3.7	0	4.5	0	10.4	0
Heredia	27.5	1	24.3	1	27.6	2	10.7	1	3.5	0	2.3	0	1.0	0	3.0	0
Puntarenas	Social Christian Unity Party}}; color:white;"	37.8	2	29.8	1	12.9	1	10.0	1	4.2	0	1.8	0	0.4	0	3.2	0
Limón	Social Christian Unity Party}}; color:white;"	37.3	2	26.2	2	12.7	1	8.1	1	5.6	0	2.7	0	0.8	0	9.4	0
Guanacaste	37.9	2	National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)}}; color:white;"	39.1	2	10.3	0	2.8	0	6.2	0	1.2	0	0.4	0	2.2	0
Total	Social Christian Unity Party}}; color:white;"	29.8	19	27.1	17	22.0	14	9.3	6	3.6	1	2.0	0	1.7	0	4.6	0

References

[[Dieter Nohlen]] (2005) ''Elections in the Americas: A data handbook, Volume I'', p155 {{ISBN. 978-0-19-928357-6
Nohlen, p. 150.
(1 September 2006). "Election profile: Costa Rica". International Foundation for Electoral Systems.
(20 March 2014). "Political Handbook of the World 2014".
(2 April 2012). "Political Handbook of the World 2012".
"Elecciones legislativas de Costa Rica de 2002". Frommer's Central America.
"5 February 2002 Legislative Assembly Election Results - Costa Rica Totals".
(July 18, 2013). "Civic Groups Move Against Gay Marriage in Costa Rica".
Nohlen, pp. 156–157.

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