2001 Japanese House of Councillors election

Background

The electoral reform enacted in 2000 became effective for the first time. The number of Councillors per election was reduced by five, by two in the nationwide proportional representation and by one each in Okayama, Kumamoto and Kagoshima. In addition, preference voting was introduced. Instead of a party name, voters could now write the name of a single PR candidate on the ballot. The vote then counts for the party as well as the candidate; the total number of votes for a party list or its candidates determines the number of PR seats a party receives while the candidate votes determine who takes those seats for the party.

As a result of the party realignments of the 1990s, several two-member districts were represented by two Councillors from the same party before the 2001 election. Some of these Councillors lost the official nomination of their party (e.g. in Niigata), others retired (Hokkaidō, Tochigi). Most of these district split seats between ruling coalition and opposition again, in the case of both incumbents seeking re-election resulting in one of the two losing their seat (Nagano, Shizuoka).

Results

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Proportional representation results

The 2001 election was the first to use an open list system (非拘束名簿式) to elect proportional representation seats in the House. Under this system, voters may vote for either a political party or a specific candidate. The proportional seats are distributed among the parties by D'Hondt method according to their overall proportional votes, including candidate votes. The ranking of candidates on each party list is then determined by the candidate votes.

The results for the major parties were as follows (decimals omitted):

1. Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) (LDP): 21,114,727 (party: 14,925,437, candidates: 6,189,290), 38.6%, 20 seats
2. Democratic Party (DPJ): 8,990,524 (party: 6,082,694, candidates: 2,907,830), 16.4%, 8 seats
3. New Komeito (NK): 8,187,804 (party: 1,865,797, candidates: 6,322,007), 15.0%, 8 seats
4. Japan Communist Party (JCP): 4,329,210 (party: 4,065,047, candidates: 264,163), 7.9%, 4 seats
5. Liberal Party (LP): 4,227,148 (party: 3,642,884, candidates: 584,264), 7.7%, 4 seats
6. Social Democratic Party of Japan (SDP): 3,628,635 (party: 2,298,104, candidates: 1,330,531), 6.6%, 3 seats
7. Conservative Party of Japan (CP): 1,275,002 (party: 609,382, candidates: 665,620), 2.3%, 1 seat
8. Other parties (aggregate): 2.988.442, 5.5%, no seat

The final ranking of PR candidates and their individual vote counts were as follows:

Prefectural races

Elected candidates in bold

Compiled from JANJAN's "The Senkyo" and Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications official election results.

Notes:

• All incumbents not running for re-election in their prefectural electoral district are counted as retirements even if they ran in the nationwide proportional representation.
• In a multi-member district, there is no difference between Councillors elected with the highest and lower vote shares. Yet, "top tōsen", i.e. being elected with the highest vote, is considered a special achievement and thus noted where changed from the previous election for the same class of Councillors (1995).
• In the results column, independents are counted towards the party they joined in the first Diet session after the election.

Party abbreviations used:

• Ruling coalition
  • LDP Liberal Democratic Party
  • Kōmeitō "Justice Party"
  • CP Conservative Party
• Opposition
  • DPJ Democratic Party
  • JCP Japanese Communist Party
  • SDP Social Democratic Party
  • LP Liberal Party
• I Independent
• Minor parties: IA "Independent Assembly", Dainiin Dainiin Club, LL Liberal League, Ishin Ishin Seitō Shinpū, WP Women's Party, NSP New Socialist Party, Kibō "New Party Freedom and Hope"

References

• Mahendra Prakash (2004), Coalition Experience in Japanese Politics: 1993-2003, New Delhi: JNU.

References

1. [http://www.stat.go.jp/data/chouki/zuhyou/27-13.xls Table 13: Persons Elected and Votes Polled by Political Parties - Ordinary Elections for the House of Councillors (1947–2004)] {{Webarchive. link. (2011-03-23 [[Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications]])
2. "27-11 Allotted Number, Candidates, Eligible Voters as of Election Day, Voters and Voting Percentages of Ordinary Elections for the House of Councillors (1947-2004)".
3. Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications: [http://www.soumu.go.jp/senkyo/senkyo_s/data/sangiin19/sangiin19_3_3.html 比例代表党派別得票数]
4. Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications: [http://www.soumu.go.jp/senkyo/senkyo_s/data/sangiin19/sangiin19_3_10.html 比例代表党派別名簿登載者別得票数、当選人数]
5. [http://www.senkyo.janjan.jp/election/2001/99/00002009.html Results of the 19th House of Councillors election] {{webarchive. link. (2010-01-22)
6. MIC: [http://www.soumu.go.jp/senkyo/senkyo_s/data/sangiin19/index.html Results of the 19th regular House of Councillors election]
7. "Welcome to Jawaharlal Nehru University".