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1996 in spaceflight
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| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| year | 1996 |
| image | Intelsat708 3cropped.jpg |
| caption | The first Long March 3B, carrying Intelsat 708, goes off-course immediately after launch. |
| first | 11 January |
| last | 24 December |
| total | 77 |
| success | 69 |
| failed | 4 |
| partial | 4 |
| catalogued | 73 |
| firstsat | |
| maidens | Ariane 5G |
| J-I | |
| Long March 3B | |
| orbital | 9 |
| totalcrew | 49 |
J-I Long March 3B
This article outlines notable events occurring in 1996 in spaceflight, including major launches and EVAs.
Intelsat 708 launch failure
Orbital launches
January
|- Retrieved Space Flyer Unit |o-span=2 |d-date=20 January |d-time=07:41 |d-span=2 |o-span=inherit |d-span=inherit Operational: Geosynchronous
February
|- |D-Date=2011 Loss of control at T+2 seconds, exploded 20 seconds later; Six to hundred fatalities on the ground |d-time=+22 seconds Final contact received on 28 February 2001, and unsuccessfully attempted on 10 December 2002 via Heliocentric |d-date=12 February 2001 |d-time=20:01 Actual: Geosynchronous transfer |d-date=2 September |d-time=07:41 TSS-1R tether snapped during deployment; Intended to be returned to Earth by Columbia, but could not be recovered |d-date=9 March |d-time=13:58 |d-date=19 March |d-date=9 March |d-time=13:58
March
|- |d-date=11 June |o-span=2 |d-date=31 March |d-time=13:28 |d-span=2 |o-span=inherit |d-span=inherit
April
|- |d-date=23 March 2001 |d-time=05:50 |d-date=28 January 2005 |d-date=30 April 2003
May
|- |d-date=1 August |d-time=20:33 |d-time=+ 49 seconds |d-date=11 December 1997 SPARTAN used to deploy the IAE satellite on 20 May; PAMS deployed on 22 May |o-span=3 |d-date=29 May |d-time=11:10 |d-span=3 |o-span=inherit |d-span=inherit |o-span=inherit |d-span=inherit |d-date=22 May |d-date=26 October
June
|- Programming error led to rocket going off course |o-span=4 |d-time=+37 seconds |d-span=4 |o-span=inherit |d-span=inherit |o-span=inherit |d-span=inherit |o-span=inherit |d-span=inherit |o-span=3 |d-date=7 July |d-time=12:36 |d-span=3 |o-span=inherit |d-span=inherit |o-span=inherit |d-span=inherit |d-time=+50 seconds
July
|- |d-date=20 November |d-time=22:42
August
|- |d-date = 7 April 2012 |d-date=2 March 1997 |d-time=06:44 Actual: High Earth (elliptical) |d-date=12 November 1999
September
|- |o-span=2 |d-date=26 September |d-time=12:13 |d-span=2 |o-span=inherit |d-span=inherit
October
|- |d-date=4 November |d-date=18 October 2007 |d-time=03:51
November
|- |o-span=2 |d-date=7 April 2002 |d-span=2 |o-span=inherit |d-span=inherit Actual: Low Earth |d-date=17 November Story Musgrave becomes the only American astronaut to fly on all five Space Shuttle orbiters ORFEUS-SPAS deployed on 20 November and retrieved on 4 December; WSF deployed on 22 November and retrieved on 26 November |o-span=4 |d-date=7 December |d-time=11:49 |d-span=4 |o-span=inherit |d-span=inherit |o-span=inherit |d-span=inherit |o-span=inherit |d-span=inherit |d-date=12 March 1997 |d-time=03:23
December
|- Final contact with Sojourner received on 27 September 1997 and the mission was terminated on 10 March 1998 |o-span=2 |d-date=4 July 1997 |d-time=16:57 |d-span=2 |o-span=inherit |d-span=inherit |d-date=1 January 1999 |d-date=7 January 1997 |}
Suborbital launches
January-March
|- |d-date=10 January |d-date=27 January
|d-date=11 February |d-date=11 February |d-date=23 February |d-date=23 February
|d-date=2 March |d-date=6 March |d-date=6 March |d-date=22 March |d-date=22 March
April-June
|- |d-date=3 April |d-date=17 April |d-date=21 April |d-date=21 April
|d-date=3 May |d-date=8 May |d-date=16 May |d-date=16 May |d-date=16 May |d-date=16 May |d-date=30 May
|d-date=4 June |d-date=6 June |d-date=6 June |d-date=17 June |d-date=20 June |d-date=26 June |d-date=26 June |d-date=26 June |d-date=28 June |d-date=28 June |d-date=28 June
July-September
|- |d-date=9 July |d-date=14 July |d-date=15 July |d-date=15 July |d-date=15 July |d-date=15 July |d-date=15 July |d-date=19 July |d-date=19 July |d-date=25 July |d-date=26 July
|d-date=12 August |d-date=20 August |d-date=20 August |d-date=26 August |d-date=29 August |d-date=31 August
|d-date=11 September |d-date=24 September |d-date=27 September
October-December
|- |d-date=2 October |d-date=3 October |d-date=3 October |d-date=9 October |d-date=9 October |d-date=16 October |d-date=16 October |d-date=21 October |d-date=28 October |d-date=28 October |d-date=29 October
|d-date=6 November |d-date=9 November |d-date=13 November |d-date=17 November |d-date=24 November |d-date=29 November
|d-date=28 December
|}
Deep-space rendezvous
| Date (GMT) | Spacecraft | Event | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| 27 June | Galileo | 1st flyby of Ganymede | |
| 6 September | Galileo | 2nd flyby of Ganymede | |
| 4 November | Galileo | 1st flyby of Callisto | |
| 19 December | Galileo | 1st flyby of Europa |
EVAs
| Start date/time | Duration | End time | Spacecraft | Crew | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15 January | |||||
| 05:35 | 6 hours | ||||
| 9 minutes | 11:44 | STS-72 | |||
| USALeroy Chiao | |||||
| USADaniel T. Barry | Practiced construction techniques for the upcoming International Space Station. The activities included installing a cable tray, hooking up cables and fluid lines, handling small screws and bolts in the screw, and grappling large objects at the end of the robotic arm. | ||||
| 17 January | |||||
| 05:40 | 6 hours | ||||
| 54 minutes | 12:34 | STS-72 | |||
| Endeavour | USALeroy Chiao | ||||
| USAWinston E. Scott | Continued testing of construction techniques with utility boxes, slidewires and a portable work stanchion attached to the robotic arm. Scott also tested the heating capabilities of his spacesuit by riding the robotic arm into a cold night zone while Endeavours payload bay was oriented toward space. | ||||
| 8 February | |||||
| 14:03 | 3 hours | ||||
| 5 minutes | 17:08 | Mir EO-20 | |||
| Kvant-2 | GERThomas Reiter | ||||
| RUSYuri Gidzenko | Moved a YMK maneuvering unit from the Kvant-2 airlock and secured it on the module exterior. Then collected experiments deployed earlier on the ESEF. The team was unable to remove an antenna from Kristall when they were unable to loosen some bolts on the antenna. | ||||
| 15 March | |||||
| 01:04 | 5 hours | ||||
| 51 minutes | 06:55 | Mir EO-21 | |||
| Kvant-2 | RUSYury Onufriyenko | ||||
| RUSYury Usachov | To improve access to the outside of the Kristall module, Onufriyenko and Usachev installed a second Strela boom on the Mir base block. Also prepared cables and connectors for the future installation of the Mir Cooperative Solar Array. | ||||
| 27 March | |||||
| 06:34 | 6 hours | ||||
| 2 minutes | 12:36 | STS-76 | |||
| Mir | USAMichael R. Clifford | ||||
| USALinda M. Godwin | Added four canisters of experiments, called the Mir Environmental Effects Payload (MEEP), to the outside of docking module. Also tested new tethers and foot restraints for future use on Mir and the upcoming ISS assembly. First Shuttle-Mir EVA and EVA performed from a Space Shuttle docked at a space station. | ||||
| 20 May | |||||
| 22:50 | 6 hours | ||||
| 20 minutes | 21 May | ||||
| 04:10 | Mir EO-21 | ||||
| Kvant-2 | RUSYury Onufriyenko | ||||
| RUSYury Usachov | Moved the Mir Cooperative Solar Array (MCSA) from its stowage position on Kristal to a final location on Kvant-1, and prepared the array for complete deployment. Also released a balloon shaped like a large Pepsi can, and filmed it for a television commercial. | ||||
| 24 May | |||||
| 20:47 | 6 hours | ||||
| 43 minutes | 25 May | ||||
| 02:30 | Mir EO-21 | ||||
| Kvant-2 | RUSYury Onufriyenko | ||||
| RUSYury Usachov | Completed deployment of the Mir Cooperative Solar Array (MCSA) on the Kvant-1 module. | ||||
| 30 May | |||||
| 18:20 | 4 hours | ||||
| 20 minutes | 22:40 | Mir EO-21 | |||
| Kvant-2 | RUSYury Onufriyenko | ||||
| RUSYury Usachov | Installed the German made Modular Optoelectronic Multispectral Scanner (MOMS) camera to the exterior of the Priroda module. Also installed a new handrail on the exterior of Kvant-2 to aid future spacewalks. | ||||
| 6 June | |||||
| 16:56 | 3 hours | ||||
| 34 minutes | 20:30 | Mir EO-21 | |||
| Kvant-2 | RUSYury Onufriyenko | ||||
| RUSYury Usachov | Installed two American micrometeoroid detector experiments to the exterior of Kvant-2. Also replaced a cassette for the Komza experiment of the surface of Spektr. | ||||
| 13 June | |||||
| 12:45 | 5 hours | ||||
| 42 minutes | 18:27 | Mir EO-21 | |||
| Kvant-2 | RUSYury Onufriyenko | ||||
| RUSYury Usachov | Installed the Rapana girder to the exterior of Kvant-1 in anticipation of mounting future experiments to the girder. Also manually deployed the Travers radar on the surface of Priroda. | ||||
| 2 December | |||||
| 15:54 | 5 hours | ||||
| 58 minutes | 21:52 | Mir EO-22 | |||
| Kvant-2 | RUSValery Korzun | ||||
| RUSAleksandr Kaleri | Successfully connected electrical cables to the solar panels on surface installed on Kvant-1. | ||||
| 9 December | |||||
| 13:50 | 6 hours | ||||
| 38 minutes | 20:28 | Mir EO-22 | |||
| Kvant-2 | RUSValery Korzun | ||||
| RUSAleksandr Kaleri | Completed the construction of the Rapana truss structure and the installed the Kurs docking antenna. Also fixed an amateur radio antenna that had loosened. |
References
References
- Bergin, Chris. (16 July 2008). "Sea Launch lofts EchoStar 11 – EchoStar 2 dies on orbit". NASASpaceflight.com.
- (11 March 2008). "CNN Student News One-Sheet: Space Shuttle Facts". CNN.
- [http://www.spacestory.com/storyf.htm Story Musgrave 6-time Space Shuttle Astronaut simulates Space Flight. Hubble Space Telescope. Space Exploration. Space Story] {{webarchive. link. (30 September 2011)
- Sims, Brent A.. (1997). "STARS MDT-II Targets Mission". Sandia National Laboratories.
- Dumoulin, Jim. (2001). "STS-72 Day 5 Highlights". NASA.
- Dumoulin, Jim. (2001). "STS-72 Day 7 Highlights". NASA.
- van der Berg, Chris. (3 December 1996). "MIRNEWS 3 DECEMBER 1996 (337)". SpaceOnLine.
- van der Berg, Chris. (10 December 1996). "MIRNEWS 10 DECEMBER 1996 (338)". SpaceOnLine.
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