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1994 Costa Rican general election
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| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| country | Costa Rica |
| flag_year | state |
| previous_election | 1990 Costa Rican general election |
| previous_year | 1990 |
| election_date | |
| next_election | Costa Rican general election, 1998 |
| next_year | 1998 |
| module | {{Infobox election |
| embed | yes |
| election_name | Presidential election |
| type | presidential |
| registered | 1,881,348 |
| turnout | 81.11% ( 0.70pp) |
| image1 | Jose maria figueres olsen.jpg |
| nominee1 | José María Figueres |
| running_mate1 | Rodrigo Oreamuno |
| Rebeca Grynspan | |
| party1 | National Liberation Party (Costa Rica) |
| popular_vote1 | 739,339 |
| percentage1 | 49.62% |
| image2 | Miguel Ángel Rodríguez Echeverría.jpg |
| nominee2 | Miguel Ángel Rodríguez |
| running_mate2 | Abel Pacheco |
| Mabel Nieto | |
| party2 | Social Christian Unity Party |
| popular_vote2 | 711,328 |
| percentage2 | 47.74% |
| map_image | Elección Presidencial de Costa Rica (1994) (Distritos Administrativos).svg |
| map_caption | Results by district |
| Figueres: | |
| Rodríguez: | |
| title | President |
| before_election | Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier |
| before_party | Social Christian Unity Party |
| after_election | José María Figueres |
| after_party | National Liberation Party (Costa Rica) |
| module | {{Infobox legislative election |
| embed | yes |
| election_name | Legislative election |
| seats_for_election | All 57 seats in the Legislative Assembly |
| majority_seats | 29 |
| turnout | 81.09% ( 0.70pp) |
| party1 | National Liberation Party (Costa Rica) |
| leader1 | José María Figueres |
| percentage1 | 44.61 |
| seats1 | 28 |
| last_election1 | 25 |
| party2 | Social Christian Unity Party |
| leader2 | Miguel Ángel Rodríguez |
| percentage2 | 40.38 |
| seats2 | 25 |
| last_election2 | 29 |
| party3 | Democratic Force (Costa Rica) |
| leader3 | |
| percentage3 | 5.32 |
| seats3 | 2 |
| last_election3 | 0 |
| party4 | Cartago Agrarian Union Party |
| leader4 | |
| percentage4 | 1.11 |
| seats4 | 1 |
| last_election4 | 1 |
| party5 | National Agrarian Party (Costa Rica) |
| leader5 | Víctor Hugo Núñez Torres |
| percentage5 | 0.92 |
| seats5 | 1 |
| last_election5 | 0 |
| map | Elecciones legislativas de Costa Rica de 1994 - Diputados por Provincia.svg |
| map_caption | Results by province |
Rebeca Grynspan
Mabel Nieto
Figueres:
Rodríguez:
General elections were held in Costa Rica on 6 February 1994. José María Figueres of the National Liberation Party won the presidential election, whilst his party also won the parliamentary election. Voter turnout was 81%.
Campaign
The primary election were the main focus of controversy during the campaign, as they were particularly negative. In the case of the Social Christian Unity Party (PUSC), Miguel Ángel Rodríguez Echeverría made a second attempt to earn the nomination running against José Joaquín Trejos Fonseca, son of former president José Joaquín Trejos Fernández. The campaign was very ideological with Trejos accusing Rodríguez of not really being Christian Democrat nor following the ideals of Christian socialism and instead being neoliberal. Rodríguez indeed acknowledged to follow classical liberalism and advocated for small government, but without completely abandon Christian Democracy's ideas.
PLN's primary was more focus on personal attacks. In it José María Figueres Olsen, son of PLN's caudillo and former president José Figueres Ferrer, faced popular anti-corruption and anti-narcotraffic deputy José Miguel Corrales, alongside other candidates like former First Lady Margarita Penón (wife of Óscar Arias) and San José Mayor Rolando Araya (nephew of former president Luis Alberto Monge). Thus, most candidates except Corrales came from important political families. Figueres' image was affected by the "Chemise Case", the allegations that he was involved in the murder of a young drug dealer while in custody during one of his father's governments. Figueres sued the authors of the book accusing him, and won, but the controversy was still used by Corrales in campaign, to no avail as Figueres won the primary election. Corrales did not support him afterward.
The negative campaign continue after the primaries. Rodríguez used the "Chemise Case" too and also accused Figueres of not being Catholic and belonging to the Christian Science cult, of having a military upraising due to his father's past as revolutionary caudillo and the fact that he's a West Point graduate, etc., in order to caused fear of an authoritarian government. Figueres campaign on the other hand tried to show Rodríguez as a cold, heartless entrepreneur with neoliberal ideas as a counterpart to Figueres socialdemocratic ideology.
Results
President
By province
| Province | Figueres % | Rodríguez% | Zúñiga % | Matamoros % | González % | Vargas % | Esquivel % | National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)}}" | Social Christian Unity Party}}" | Democratic Force (Costa Rica)}}" | National Independent Party (Costa Rica)}}" | General Union Party}}" | Independent Party (Costa Rica)}}" | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| San José | National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)}}; color:white;" | 49.63 | 47.29 | 2.39 | 0.28 | 0.16 | 0.17 | 0.08 | |||||||||||
| Alajuela | National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)}}; color:white;" | 50.30 | 47.41 | 1.71 | 0.29 | 0.13 | 0.08 | 0.09 | |||||||||||
| Cartago | National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)}}; color:white;" | 50.33 | 46.81 | 2.03 | 0.35 | 0.20 | 0.16 | 0.12 | |||||||||||
| Heredia | National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)}}; color:white;" | 49.89 | 46.91 | 2.57 | 0.27 | 0.14 | 0.13 | 0.08 | |||||||||||
| Guanacaste | National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)}}; color:white;" | 50.03 | 48.66 | 0.62 | 0.26 | 0.14 | 0.08 | 0.20 | |||||||||||
| Puntarenas | 49.06 | Social Christian Unity Party}}; color:white;" | 49.09 | 0.75 | 0.59 | 0.19 | 0.21 | 0.12 | |||||||||||
| Limón | 46.26 | Social Christian Unity Party}}; color:white;" | 51.27 | 1.26 | 0.56 | 0.23 | 0.17 | 0.25 | |||||||||||
| Total | National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)}}; color:white;" | 49.62 | 47.74 | 1.90 | 0.33 | 0.16 | 0.14 | 0.11 |
Legislative Assembly
By province
| Province | PLN | PUSC | FD | PUGEN | ANC | PVP | PNI | Others | National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)}}" | Social Christian Unity Party}}" | Democratic Force (Costa Rica)}}" | General Union Party}}" | National Independent Party (Costa Rica)}}" | % | S | % | S | % | S | % | S | % | S | % | S | % | S | % | S | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| San José | National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)}}; color:white;" | 44.21 | 10 | 39.76 | 9 | 8.30 | 2 | 2.34 | 0 | 1.53 | 0 | 1.84 | 0 | 1.50 | 0 | 0.52 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||
| Alajuela | National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)}}; color:white;" | 46.36 | 5 | 41.26 | 5 | 3.43 | 0 | 0.40 | 0 | 1.15 | 0 | 0.62 | 0 | 0.35 | 0 | 6.43 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||
| Cartago | National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)}}; color:white;" | 43.93 | 3 | 37.73 | 2 | 3.39 | 0 | 2.47 | 0 | 0.88 | 0 | 0.66 | 0 | 0.61 | 0 | 10.33 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||
| Heredia | National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)}}; color:white;" | 45.93 | 3 | 40.93 | 2 | 7.86 | 0 | 1.73 | 0 | 1.18 | 0 | 1.28 | 0 | 0.51 | 0 | 0.58 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||
| Guanacaste | National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)}}; color:white;" | 47.23 | 3 | 44.02 | 2 | 1.88 | 0 | 0.73 | 0 | 0.61 | 0 | - | - | 0.43 | 0 | 5.09 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||
| Puntarenas | National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)}}; color:white;" | 45.81 | 3 | 43.63 | 3 | 1.85 | 0 | 2.49 | 0 | 3.33 | 0 | 2.04 | 0 | 0.55 | 0 | 0.30 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||
| Limón | 36.85 | 1 | Social Christian Unity Party}}; color:white;" | 37.14 | 2 | 0.96 | 0 | 0.46 | 0 | 1.28 | 0 | 2.51 | 0 | 0.36 | 0 | 20.44 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total | National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)}}; color:white;" | 44.61 | 28 | 40.38 | 25 | 5.32 | 2 | 1.72 | 0 | 1.43 | 0 | 1.36 | 0 | 0.87 | 0 | 4.31 | 2 |
Local governments
syndics|seattype4=+/–
References
References
- [[Dieter Nohlen]] (2005) ''Elections in the Americas: A data handbook, Volume I'', p155 {{ISBN. 978-0-19-928357-6
- Lehoucq, Fabrice Edouard. (1995). "The Costa Rican general elections of 6 February 1994". Electoral Studies.
- Nohlen, p157
- "Proceso de selección de candid atos a presidente y diputados en el PLN y el PUSC (1990-2006)". Proyecto OIR/OPAL.
- "Elecciones Regidurías 1994". Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones.
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