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1992 Kenyan general election

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Field	Value
country	Kenya
previous_election	1988 Kenyan general election
previous_year	1988
election_date
next_election	1997 Kenyan general election
next_year	1997
module	{{Infobox election
embed	yes
type	presidential
election_name	Presidential election
image1	Daniel arap Moi in 1979 (cropped).jpg
nominee1	Daniel arap Moi
party1	Kenya African National Union
popular_vote1	1,962,866
percentage1	36.35%
colour2	008000
nominee2	Kenneth Matiba
party2	Forum for the Restoration of Democracy – Asili
popular_vote2	1,404,266
percentage2	26.00%
image4	Mwai Kibaki, October 2003.jpg
nominee4	Mwai Kibaki
party4	Democratic Party (Kenya)
popular_vote4	1,050,617
percentage4	19.45%
image5	Jaramogi Oginga Odinga face.jpg
nominee5	Jaramogi Oginga Odinga
party5	Forum for the Restoration of Democracy – Kenya
popular_vote5	944,197
percentage5	17.48%
map_image	1992 Kenyan presidential election - Results by province.svg
map_caption	Results by province
title	President
before_election	Daniel arap Moi
before_party	Kenya African National Union
after_election	Daniel arap Moi
after_party	Kenya African National Union
module	{{Infobox legislative election
embed	yes
election_name	Parliamentary election
first_election	yes
nopercentage	yes
party1	Kenya African National Union
leader1	Daniel Arap Moi
seats1	100
last_election1	188
party2	Forum for the Restoration of Democracy – Asili
leader2	Kenneth Matiba
seats2	31
last_election2	new
party3	Democratic Party (Kenya)
leader3	Mwai Kibaki
seats3	23
last_election3	new
party4	FORD–Kenya
colour4
leader4	Jaramogi Oginga Odinga
seats4	31
last_election4	new
party5	KNC
colour5	black
leader5	Chibule wa Tsuma
seats5	1
last_election5	new
party6	PICK
leader6	John Harun Mwau
seats6	1
last_election6	new
party7	KSC
leader7	George Anyona
seats7	1
last_election7	new
before_election	Jonathan Kimetet arap Ng'eno
before_party	Kenya African National Union
after_election	Francis ole Kaparo
after_party	Kenya African National Union
title	Speaker of the National Assembly

General elections were held in Kenya on 29 December 1992 to elect the president and members of the National Assembly. They were the first multi-party general elections in Kenya since independence and the first to feature a direct vote for the president, who had been elected by the National Assembly in 1964 and been automatically declared the winner of uncontested elections held alongside parliamentary elections in 1969, 1974, 1979, 1983 and 1988 following a 1969 constitutional amendment.

The results were marred by irregularities, including allegations of large-scale intimidation of opponents, harassment of election officials and ballot-box stuffing, as well as targeted ethnic violence in the Rift Valley Province. Human Rights Watch accused several prominent Kenyan politicians, including President Daniel arap Moi and then-VP George Saitoti of inciting and co-ordinating the violence. Voter turnout was 69%.

The election failed to dislodge Moi from power but were still described as a watershed for Kenya's democratic transition.

Background

In 1991, Kenya transitioned to a multiparty political system after 26 years of single-party rule under KANU. On 28 October 1992, president Moi dissolved parliament, five months before the end of his term. As a result, preparations began for all elective seats in parliament as well as the president. The elections were scheduled to take place on 7 December 1992, but delays led to its postponement to 29 December the same year.

Results

President

By province

Province	Moi	Matiba	Kibaki	Odinga	Others	Total	Votes	%	Votes	%	Votes
Central	21,918	2.1	630,194	60.4	373,147	35.8	10,668	1.0	6,945	0.7	1,042,872
Coast	188,296	62.1	33,399	11.0	32,201	10.6	42,796	14.1	6,653	2.2	303,345
Eastern	290,372	37.0	79,436	10.1	392,481	50.0	13,673	1.7	8,819	1.1	784,781
North Eastern	46,420	74.8	7,188	11.6	3,259	5.3	5,084	8.2	73	0.1	62,024
Nairobi	62,410	16.6	165,553	44.1	69,715	18.6	75,888	20.2	1,944	0.5	375,510
Nyanza	117,554	15.2	10,299	1.3	51,998	6.7	581,490	75.4	9,807	1.3	771,148
Rift Valley	981,488	71.5	214,727	15.6	98,302	7.2	75,465	5.5	3,535	0.3	1,373,517
Western	219,187	39.3	214,060	38.4	14,404	2.6	98,822	17.7	10,846	1.9	557,319
Total	1,927,645	36.6	1,354,856	25.7	1,035,507	19.6	903,886	17.1	48,622	0.9	5,270,516
Source: Nohlen et al.

National Assembly

Following the elections, Moi nominated a further 12 KANU members to the National Assembly.

Aftermath

In the aftermath of the election, Kenya suffered an economic crisis propagated by ethnic violence as the president was accused of rigging electoral results to retain power. In the next five years, many political alliances were formed in preparation for the next elections. In 1994, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga died and several coalitions joined his FORD Kenya party to form a new party called United National Democratic Alliance. However, this party was plagued with disagreements. In 1996, KANU revised the constitution to allow Moi to remain president for another term.

In 1993 Kenneth Matiba filed a petition against the election results. However, his failure to personally sign the petition resulted in the petition being struck out by Justice Riaga Omolo. Matiba, was physically incapacitated and had given his wife power of attorney. In 2012, Justice Omolo was declared unfit to serve in the judiciary by the Judges and Magistrates Vetting Board over this decision.

References

Human Rights Watch (1993) ''Divide and Rule: State Sponsored Ethnic Violence in Kenya''
[http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/2167_92.htm Elections held in 1992] Inter-Parliamentary Union
[[Dieter Nohlen]], Michael Krennerich & Bernhard Thibaut (1999) ''Elections in Africa: A data handbook'', p486 {{ISBN. 0-19-829645-2
Barkan, Joel D.. (1993). "Kenya: Lessons From a Flawed Election". Journal of Democracy.
[https://africanelections.tripod.com/ke.html Elections in Kenya] African Elections Database
Keith., Kyle. (1999). "Politics of the independence of Kenya". Macmillan.
[https://web.archive.org/web/20130115045603/http://www.the-star.co.ke/news/article-102535/why-election-may-be-won-courts Why this election may be won in courts] The Star, 12 January 2013

Info: Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

elections-in-kenya 1992-in-kenya 1992-elections-in-africa national-assembly-(kenya) presidential-elections-in-kenya election-and-referendum-articles-with-incomplete-results december-1992-in-africa

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