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1991 in spaceflight

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FieldValue
year1991
image1991_s37_GRO_copy.jpg
captionThe crew of STS-37 deploys the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory.
first8 January
last28 December
total91
success86
failed3
partial2
maidensAriane 4 44P
Atlas II
retiredVostok-2M
orbital8
totalcrew36
firsttrav

This was the final year of the Soviet Union, and thus the end of the Cold War competition between the two space superpowers. The number of launches subsequently declined in the 1990s, and 2018 was the first year since 1990 to have more than 100 orbital launches. Atlas II

Orbital and suborbital launches

Main article: 1991 in spaceflight (January–June), 1991 in spaceflight (July–December)

Deep Space Rendezvous in 1991

Date (GMT)SpacecraftEventRemarks
29 OctoberGalileoFirst flyby of asteroid - 951 GaspraClosest approach: 1600 km

EVAs

Start date/timeDurationEnd timeSpacecraftCrewRemarks
7 January
17:035 hours
18 minutes22:21Mir EO-8USSRViktor Afanasyev
USSRMusa ManarovSuccessfully repaired the damaged hatch on the Kvant-2 airlock and also positioned equipment for installation in a later EVA.
23 January
10:595 hours
33 minutes16:32Mir EO-8
Kvant-2USSRViktor Afanasyev
USSRMusa ManarovInstalled the new Stela boom on the base block.
26 January
09:006 hours
20 minutes15:20Mir EO-8
Kvant-2USSRViktor Afanasyev
USSRMusa ManarovInstalled supports on Kvant-1 to hold the solar arrays installed on Kristall.
7 April4 hours
26 minutesSTS-37
USAJerry L. Ross
USAJerome AptWhen the boom antenna on the GRO satellite would not extend, Ross and Apt exited the shuttle on an unplanned EVA to extend the boom to prepare for final release into orbit.
8 April5 hours
47 minutesSTS-37
AtlantisUSAJerry L. Ross
USAJerome AptInstalled and tested several monorail-type mobility tools for future space station construction.
25 April
20:293 hours
34 minutes26 April
00:03Mir EO-8
Kvant-2USSRViktor Afanasyev
USSRMusa ManarovInspected and filmed the Kurs antenna on Kvant-1, finding that one of the antenna dishes was missing and then re-installed the camera on Kvant-2 that was removed and repaired.
24 June
21:114 hours
58 minutes25 June
02:09Mir EO-9
Kvant-2USSRAnatoly Artsebarsky
USSRSergei KrikalyovReplaced the damaged Kurs antenna on Kvant-1 and performed assembly tests on an experimental structural joint.
28 June
19:023 hours
24 minutes22:26Mir EO-9
Kvant-2USSRAnatoly Artsebarsky
USSRSergei KrikalyovAttached TREK, a type of cosmic ray detector developed at the University of California, to the outside of Mir.
15 July
11:455 hours
56 minutes17:41Mir EO-9
Kvant-2USSRAnatoly Artsebarsky
USSRSergei KrikalyovMoved ladders and the base platform parts for the Sofora girder using the Strela boom from the airlock at Kvant-2 and installed them on Kvant-1.
19 July
11:105 hours
28 minutes16:38Mir EO-9
Kvant-2USSRAnatoly Artsebarsky
USSRSergei KrikalyovStarted construction of the Sofora girder by installing three of 20 structural pieces.
23 July
09:155 hours
42 minutes14:57Mir EO-9
Kvant-2USSRAnatoly Artsebarsky
USSRSergei KrikalyovContinued the construction of the Sofora girder by installing eleven more of the 20 girder pieces.
27 July
08:446 hours
49 minutes15:33Mir EO-9
Kvant-2USSRAnatoly Artsebarsky
USSRSergei KrikalyovCompleted assembly of the Sofora girder and mounted a small Russian flag on top of the structure. Artsebarsky had trouble with fogging on his visor, due to overexertion, but Krikalyov was able to lead him back to the airlock.

References

Footnotes

References

  1. (2008). "Space Shuttle Flight 39 (STS-37)". National Space Society.
  2. (1992). "TREK: A cosmic-ray experiment on the Russian space station MIR". Astrophysics and Space Science.
Info: Wikipedia Source

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