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1986 Costa Rican general election
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| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| country | Costa Rica |
| flag_year | state |
| previous_election | 1982 Costa Rican general election |
| previous_year | 1982 |
| election_date | |
| next_election | 1990 Costa Rican general election |
| next_year | 1990 |
| module | {{Infobox election |
| embed | yes |
| election_name | Presidential election |
| type | presidential |
| registered | 1,486,474 |
| turnout | 81.82% (3.19pp) |
| image1 | OscarArias.jpg |
| nominee1 | Óscar Arias |
| running_mate1 | Jorge Manuel Dengo |
| Victoria Garrón | |
| party1 | National Liberation Party (Costa Rica) |
| popular_vote1 | 620,314 |
| percentage1 | 52.34% |
| image2 | Felipe González en rueda de prensa con el presidente de Costa Rica. Pool Moncloa. 27 de enero de 1993 (cropped).png |
| nominee2 | Rafael Ángel Calderón |
| running_mate2 | Ramón Aguilar |
| Jaime Gutiérrez | |
| party2 | Social Christian Unity Party |
| popular_vote2 | 542,434 |
| percentage2 | 45.77% |
| map_image | Elección Presidencial de Costa Rica (1986) (Distritos Administrativos).svg |
| map_caption | Results by district |
| Arias: | |
| module | {{Infobox legislative election |
| embed | yes |
| election_name | Legislative election |
| seats_for_election | All 57 seats in the Legislative Assembly |
| majority_seats | 29 |
| turnout | 81.81% ( 3.18pp) |
| party1 | National Liberation Party (Costa Rica) |
| leader1 | Óscar Arias |
| percentage1 | 47.83 |
| seats1 | 29 |
| last_election1 | 33 |
| party2 | Social Christian Unity Party |
| leader2 | Rafael Ángel Calderón |
| percentage2 | 41.45 |
| seats2 | 25 |
| last_election2 | 18 |
| party3 | United People (Costa Rica) |
| leader3 | |
| percentage3 | 2.70 |
| seats3 | 1 |
| last_election3 | 4 |
| party4 | People's Alliance (Costa Rica) |
| leader4 | |
| percentage4 | 2.40 |
| seats4 | 1 |
| last_election4 | New |
| party5 | Cartago Agrarian Union Party |
| leader5 | |
| percentage5 | 1.16 |
| seats5 | 1 |
| last_election5 | 0 |
| map | Elecciones legislativas de Costa Rica de 1986 - Diputados por Provincia.svg |
| map_caption | Results by province |
| title | President |
| before_election | Luis Alberto Monge |
| before_party | National Liberation Party (Costa Rica) |
| after_election | Óscar Arias |
| after_party | National Liberation Party (Costa Rica) |
Victoria Garrón
Jaime Gutiérrez
Arias:
Calderón:
Tie:
General elections were held in Costa Rica on 2 February 1986. Óscar Arias of the National Liberation Party won the presidential election, whilst his party also won the parliamentary election. Voter turnout was 82%.
Costa Rica was under a strong two-party system at the time. The country was undergoing military tensions with neighboring Nicaragua due to the recently happened Sandinista Revolution and Nicaragua's dictator Daniel Ortega's fighting of the right-wing Nicaraguan Contras in its southern border disregarding the official limits and confronting Costa Rica's police and security forces. Such skirmishes left one policeman's death and several wounded and both countries at the edge of war. Whilst some people blamed former president Rodrigo Carazo for allowing the FSLN to operate in the Costa Rican northern territory against then dictator Anastasio Somoza, others resented President Luis Alberto Monge's hawkish behavior toward Sandinista Nicaragua and his support of the Contras.
Former minister and deputy Oscar Arias faced former vice president Carlos Manuel Castillo in closed primaries. Castillo had the support of PLN's traditional leadership including former presidents and party's founders José Figueres Ferrer, Daniel Oduber Quirós and Luis Alberto Monge. Arias was seen as a young, alternative candidate and the "underdog" in the election, but managed to earn the majority of votes and popular support.
On the other side of the two-party system former Foreign Minister (under Carazo's administration) Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier, son of historical leader of Calderonismo Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia, was nominated by the Social Christian Unity Party, then main opposition force. This was Calderón's second attempt to win the Presidency.
During the campaign the topic of peace was central. Calderón tried to present himself as a hawk who felt no quarrels in facing Nicaragua militarily. Arias on the contrary tried to show himself as a man of peace and negotiator who would pacified the region. His slogan was "Paz para mi gente" (Peace for my People). In fact, some analysts also saw Arias' position as a strong criticism of Monge, of his own party, and his hardline position. Monge and Arias would be political enemies ever since.
PLN campaign also focused in showing Calderón as a man of war and remembering old historical periods, blaming Calderonism for the 1948 Civil War and the 1955 Somoza-endorsed Calderonistas' invasion attempt. The party even went so far as to show Calderón in a cartoon as a spoil kid ready for war wearing the clothing of Quico, a popular character from El Chavo del Ocho.
Results
President
The People's Alliance was a coalition of the People's Vanguard Party and the Broad Democratic Front.
By province
| Province | Arias % | Calderón % | Gutiérrez % | Montero % | Madrigal % | Jiménez % | National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)}}" | Social Christian Unity Party}}" | United People (Costa Rica)}}" | People's Alliance (Costa Rica)}}" | Independent Party (Costa Rica)}}" | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| San José | National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)}}; color:white;" | 54.2 | 43.8 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.1 | |||||||||
| Alajuela | National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)}}; color:white;" | 53.0 | 45.8 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.1 | |||||||||
| Cartago | National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)}}; color:white;" | 54.1 | 44.3 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.1 | |||||||||
| Heredia | National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)}}; color:white;" | 52.8 | 45.2 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.1 | |||||||||
| Puntarenas | 48.2 | Social Christian Unity Party}}; color:white;" | 49.2 | 1.2 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.1 | |||||||||
| Limón | 42.4 | Social Christian Unity Party}}; color:white;" | 54.0 | 1.7 | 1.1 | 0.7 | 0.1 | |||||||||
| Guanacaste | National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)}}; color:white;" | 50.1 | 48.7 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.1 | |||||||||
| Total | National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)}}; color:white;" | 52.3 | 45.8 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.1 |
Legislative Assembly
By province
| Province | PLN | PUSC | PU | AP | ANC | PRNI | PUG | Others | National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)}}" | Social Christian Unity Party}}" | United People (Costa Rica)}}" | People's Alliance (Costa Rica)}}" | National Republican Party (Costa Rica)}}" | General Union Party}}" | % | S | % | S | % | S | % | S | % | S | % | S | % | S | % | S | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| San José | National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)}}; color:white;" | 49.5 | 10 | 40.3 | 9 | 3.4 | 1 | 2.9 | 1 | 1.9 | 0 | 0.8 | 0 | 0.6 | 0 | 0.6 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Alajuela | National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)}}; color:white;" | 49.9 | 5 | 42.0 | 5 | 1.2 | 0 | 1.3 | 0 | 1.1 | 0 | 0.6 | 0 | 0.1 | 0 | 3.9 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Cartago | National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)}}; color:white;" | 46.6 | 3 | 37.5 | 2 | 1.7 | 0 | 1.7 | 0 | 1.3 | 0 | 0.6 | 0 | 0.1 | 0 | 10.5 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Heredia | National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)}}; color:white;" | 48.3 | 3 | 42.1 | 2 | 4.1 | 0 | 2.5 | 0 | 2.1 | 0 | 0.8 | 0 | 0.1 | 0 | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||
| Puntarenas | National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)}}; color:white;" | 45.1 | 3 | 44.2 | 3 | 2.2 | 1 | 3.1 | 0 | 1.7 | 0 | 1.5 | 0 | 0.3 | 0 | 2.0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Limón | 34.9 | 2 | Social Christian Unity Party}}; color:white;" | 44.6 | 2 | 4.8 | 1 | 5.5 | 0 | 1.7 | 0 | 1.4 | 0 | 0.9 | 0 | 6.2 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Guanacaste | National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)}}; color:white;" | 47.6 | 3 | 45.6 | 2 | 1.4 | 0 | 0.8 | 0 | 2.5 | 0 | 1.7 | 0 | 0.3 | 0 | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total | National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)}}; color:white;" | 47.8 | 29 | 41.4 | 25 | 2.7 | 1 | 2.4 | 1 | 1.7 | 0 | 0.9 | 0 | 0.4 | 0 | 2.7 | 1 |
Local governments
syndics|seattype4=+/–
References
References
- [[Dieter Nohlen]] (2005) ''Elections in the Americas: A data handbook, Volume I'', p155 {{ISBN. 978-0-19-928357-6
- Nohlen, p157
- (2004). "Costa Rica en el siglo veinte". [[Universidad Estatal a Distancia.
- "Proceso de selección de candid atos a presidente y diputados en el PLN y el PUSC (1990-2006)". Proyecto OIR/OPAL.
- (2004). "Cien años de política costarricense: 1902-2002, de Ascensión Esquivel a Abel Pacheco.". [[Universidad Estatal a Distancia.
- "Elecciones Regidurías 1982". Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones.
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