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1978 in spaceflight
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| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| year | 1978 |
| image | Atlas Centaur with Pioneer Venus Orbiter.jpg |
| caption | The Pioneer Venus Orbiter atop an Atlas-Centaur before launch |
| first | 6 January |
| last | 28 December |
| total | 128 |
| success | |
| failed | |
| partial | |
| catalogued | 124 |
| retired | Atlas-Agena |
| Mu-3H | |
| firsttrav | |
| DDR | |
| orbital | 5 |
| totalcrew | 10 |
Mu-3H
DDR
1978 saw the launch of the Pioneer Venus missions launched by the United States, on 20 May and 8 August. The Pioneer Venus Multiprobe landed four spacecraft on the planet, one of which transmitted data for 67 minutes before being destroyed by atmospheric pressure. ISEE-C, which was launched on 8 December, flew past comet 21P/Giacobini–Zinner in 1985, and Halley's Comet in 1986.
Launches
January
|-
|d-date = 16 March |d-time = 11:18
|d-date=8 February |d-time=02:00
|d-date = 30 January
|d-time =
|d-span =
|o-span =
February
|- |d-date = |d-time = |d-span = |o-span =
March
|- |d-date = 10 March |d-time = 11:24
May
|- |d-date=22 October 1992
June
|- |d-date = 31 September |d-time = 11:40 |d-date = 5 July |d-time = 13:30
August
|- |d-date=9 December 1978 20:22:55 |d-date=9 December 1978 19:39:53 |d-date=9 December 1978 19:42:40 |d-date=9 December 1978 19:52:07 |d-date=9 December 1978 20:55:34 |d-date = 2 November |d-time = 11:04
September
|- |d-date =23 April 2018 |d-time = |d-span = |o-span =
October
|- |d-date = 26 October |d-time = 16:28 |}
Deep Space Rendezvous
| Date (GMT) | Spacecraft | Event | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4 December | Pioneer Venus Orbiter | Cytherocentric orbit insertion | |
| 9 December | Pioneer Venus Multiprobe | Venerian atmospheric entry | The bus, one large and three small subprobes |
| 21 December | Venera 12 | Venerian landing | |
| 25 December | Venera 11 | Venerian landing |
EVAs
| Start date/time | Duration | End time | Spacecraft | Crew | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 29 July | |||||
| 04:00 | 2 hours | ||||
| 20 minutes | 06:20 | Salyut 6 | |||
| PE-2 | USSRVladimir Kovalyonok | ||||
| USSRAleksandr Ivanchenkov | Ivanchenkov retrieved samples and experiments attached to the outside of Salyut. Kovalyonok assisted with the retrievals and used a color television camera to transmit EVA images to the ground controllers. |
References
Footnotes
References
- Hughes, J (1996) Larousse Desk Reference Encloypedia London RD Press
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