1957 Paris NATO summit

Background

At the time of the 1957 summit, NATO countries were at what The New York Times and others labeled as a crucial "crossroads" in their relationship. The summit was designed as "a reconsideration of the relationship of the strategy for the defense of Western Europe", particularly in light of fading US nuclear superiority with regard to the Soviet Union. The summit was considered to be the main American diplomatic response to the Russian launch of the orbiting Sputnik satellite.

The unanimous agreement in principle to deploy intermediate range ballistic missiles (IRBMs) in Europe was counterbalanced by the decision to emphasize diplomatic negotiations with the Soviets. The ratification of this two-pronged strategy was one of the summit's accomplishments. British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan was the leader of those pushing for a "dual-track" approach in dealing with threats to international stability. He argued in favor of two separate, but parallel agendas—one military and the other political.

The summit discussions resulted in a dilution of the defiant posture the Americans had argued for NATO to adopt.

Agenda

The general discussions focused on the need for cooperation in order to mitigate conflict in international policies and in order to further encourage economic collaboration, including:

• Reaffirming of the principle purposes;
• Confirming the unity of the Atlantic Alliance;
• Improving the coordination and organization of NATO forces;
• Improving the coordination and organization of political consultations; and
• Recognizing the need for closer economic ties;
• Location of tactical nuclear weapons in member states as well as nuclear-free zones.

Notes

References

• Nash, Philip. (1997). The other missiles of October: Eisenhower, Kennedy, and the Jupiters, 1957-1963. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
• Thomas, Ian Q.R. (1997). The promise of alliance: NATO and the political imagination. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield. ;
• White, Brian. (1992). Britain, détente, and changing East-West relations. London: Routledge.

References

1. NATO. "NATO summit meetings".
2. (December 15, 1957). "NATO at the Crossroads". The New York Times.
3. Nash, Philip. (1997). [https://archive.org/details/othermissilesofo00nash/page/17 ''The other missiles of October: Eisenhower, Kennedy, and the Jupiters (or sometimes known as jerichos), 1957-1963,'' p. 17.]
4. Nash, [https://archive.org/details/othermissilesofo00nash/page/17 p. 24.]
5. White, Brian. (1992). [https://books.google.com/books?id=hmpRzBS5mVQC&dq=NATO+and+Paris+summit+1957&pg=PA58 ''Britain, détente, and changing East-West relations,'' pp. 58-59.]
6. Nash, [https://archive.org/details/othermissilesofo00nash/page/17 p. 25.]
7. Nils Ørvik. (1986). "Semialignment and Western security". Taylor & Francis.