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1928 Romanian general election

General election held in Romania (1928)

Field	Value
country	Kingdom of Romania
type	parliamentary
ongoing	no
turnout	77.37%
previous_election	1927 Romanian general election
previous_year	1927
next_election	1931 Romanian general election
next_year	1931
seats_for_election	All 387 seats in the Chamber of Deputies
All 113 seats in the Senate
election_date	12–19 December 1928
image_size	130x130px
image1	Bundesarchiv Bild 183-2000-0518-507, Julius Maniu.jpg
leader1	Iuliu Maniu
leader_since1	10 October 1926
(party foundation)
last_election1	17 S / 54 D
party1	PNȚ-led alliance
popular_vote1	2,208,922 D
percentage1	77.76%
seats1	105 S / 348 D
seat_change1	88 S / 294 D
image2	Vintila Bratianu - Foto01.jpg
leader2	Vintilă Brătianu
leader_since2	24 November 1927
last_election2	92 S / 318 D
party2	National Liberal Party (Romania, 1875)
popular_vote2	185,939 D
percentage2	6.55%
seats2	0 S / 13 D
seat_change2	92 S / 305 D
image3	György_Bethlen.jpg
leader3	György Bethlen
leader_since3	1 April 1926
last_election3	1 S / 15 D
party3	Magyar Party (Romania)
seats3	3 S / 16 D
seat_change3	2 S / 1 D
popular_vote3	172,699 D
percentage3	6.08%
title	Prime Minister
posttitle	Subsequent Prime Minister
before_election	Iuliu Maniu
before_party	National Peasants' Party
after_election	Iuliu Maniu
after_party	National Peasants' Party

All 113 seats in the Senate

(party foundation)

General elections were held in Romania in December 1928. Immediately after acceding to power, the National Peasants' Party (PNȚ) prepared the next elections. The lists were filed before the local Courts before 26 November, while voting took place for the Chamber on 12 December, the Universal College of the Senate on 15 December, the local/county councils (Senate) on 17 December, and the Chamber of Industries and Commerce (Senate) on 19 December.

The elections were strongly contested by the National Liberal Party (PNL). The liberal papers ran articles like "Organised gangs led by those that are supposed to 'organise' the elections, attack people both in towns as in the country, without any fear of authority, on the contrary...". On the other hand, the PNȚ press claimed that "Such elections have not yet been organised in our country. For the first time ever we can see with our own eyes truly free elections. Not a single quarrel, not a single pressure, not a single involvement of the law enforcing officers."

The truth was somewhere in the middle. The Liberals were right in that the PNȚ misused the national budget to sponsor their own electoral campaign, as well as they abusively closed many local and county Councils (for instance, the decision of closing 23 local councils in a single county, Vlașca, was invalidated at the appeal, yet the elections have not been rerun). On the other hand, the PNȚ also had their own piece of truth, in that liberty and peace was granted more than ever before in election times (the reputed historian Nicolae Iorga wrote in his journal, later to be published under the title of Memorii, for the date of 12 December a very short but relevant note: "Lifeless elections"; a similar note under the date of 15: "Dead calm elections for the Senate."), although there have been quite a few scandals, in particular during the campaign.

Results

Chamber of Deputies

Of the 348 Chamber seats won by the National Peasants' Party list, the National Peasants' Party took 326, the Social Democratic Party nine, the German Party eight, the Hungarian People's Party two, while three were given to Jewish candidates. The Social Democratic Party allocated its nine seats to: Ioan Flueraș, Iosif Jumanca, Romulus Dan, Eftimie Gherman, Lothar Rădăceanu, Ion Mirescu, Alexandru Lucian, I. Rusnac and Iacob Pistiner.

Senate

College|seattype2=Local and county councils|seattype3=Total

Notes

References

"Guvern de scurtă durată", ''Mișcarea'', 13 December 1928
"Revolverul în slujba... alegerilor", ''Viitorul'', 7 December 1928
''Alegerile "libere"'', 8 December 1928
"Alegeri în libertate și liniște", ''Foaia poporului'', 16 December 1928
''Monitorul oficial'', no. 1, 1 January January 1929, p44
Iorga: ''Memorii'': "Floarea, member of [[Peasants' Party (Romania). Peasant Party]], came back badly injured at head. Like anyone coming from the '[[Romanian Old Kingdom. Old Kingdom]]', the peasants had him well clubbed before sending him back home. One protopope yelled to him that nothing happened 'as long as he can still stand erect, this is what deserve those not voting for Maniu'." (December 17) or "Those coming from the Old Kingdom are raided in [[Transylvania. Ardeal]]. Poor peasants from Western regions would attack all the 'gentlemen', with no discrimination [of political views]." (November 26); [[Constantin Argetoianu. Argetoianu]]: ''Memorii pentru cei de mâine, Amintiri din vremea celor de ieri'': "We could not get into the country the whole 8 days we spent in [[Giurgiu]]. Whichever village we tried to enter, we have been booed by the people, whereas the [[Ion Mihalache. Mihalache]]'s partisans raised their clubs upon us. [...] They were ugly, having enraged faces like the beasts devoid of any sign of Romanian character, and they continuously yelled 'Long live [[Iuliu Maniu. Maniu]]', 'Long live Mihalache', 'Down with [[Vintilă Brătianu. Brătianu]]'! I still think that I barely escaped a beating only because I was entirely unknown to them, these Bulgarian half-breeds".
[[Dieter Nohlen]] & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', pp1610-1611 {{ISBN. 978-3-8329-5609-7
Constantin-Titel Petrescu (1945) ''Socialismul în România 1835-6 septembrie 1940''
"Tabloul rezumativ de rezultatul alegerilor din 12 Decemvrie 1928 pentru Adunarea Deputaților", ''Monitorul oficial'', no. 283, 19 December 1928
''Monitorul oficial'', no. 285, 21 December 1928

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