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1860 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania

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Field	Value
election_name	1860 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania
country	Pennsylvania
type	presidential
ongoing	no
previous_election	1856 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania
previous_year	1856
next_election	1864 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania
next_year	1864
election_date	November 6, 1860
image_size	200x200px
image1	File:Abraham Lincoln by Alexander Hesler, 1860-restored (3x4 cropped).png
nominee1	Abraham Lincoln
party1	People's
home_state1	Illinois
running_mate1	Hannibal Hamlin
electoral_vote1	27
popular_vote1	268,030
percentage1	56.3%
image2	{{Multiple candidates images
}}{{center	{{eppt	Fusion Party (US)	Fusion	height	100}}}}
nominee2	{{ubl
party2	Fusion Party (United States)
alliance2	Democratic
Southern Democratic
home_state2	{{ubl
running_mate2	{{ubl
electoral_vote2	0
popular_vote2	178,871
percentage2	37.5%
map_image	Pennsylvania Presidential Election Results 1860.svg
map_size	300px
map_caption	County results
title	President
before_election	James Buchanan
before_party	Democratic Party (United States)
after_election	Abraham Lincoln
after_party	Republican Party (United States)

Main article: 1860 United States presidential election

|[[File:John C Breckinridge-04775-restored (3x4 cropped).jpg|100x100px]] |[[File:Senator Stephen A. Douglas (edited).png|100x100px]] |John C. Breckinridge |Stephen A. Douglas Southern Democratic |Kentucky (B) |Illinois (D) |Joseph Lane (B) |Herschel V. Johnson (D) Lincoln Fusion A presidential election was held in Pennsylvania on November 6, 1860, as part of the 1860 United States presidential election. The People's ticket of the former U.S. representative from Illinois's 7th congressional district and the senior U.S. senator from Maine Hannibal Hamlin defeated the Fusion ticket nominated by the Pennsylvania Democratic Party.

Lincoln was nominated by the 1860 Republican National Convention and ran as the candidate of the People's Party in Pennsylvania. Formed in 1858, the party united Pennsylvania Republicans and Know Nothings on a protectionist platform that appealed to antislavery and nativist constituencies in both parties. The Pennsylvania Democratic party selected its state ticket in advance of the 1860 Democratic National Conventions, which resulted in a split between the supporters of Stephen A. Douglas and John C. Breckinridge. The so-called "Reading ticket," named after the city in Pennsylvania where the state convention met, was composed of 15 Breckenridge supporters and 12 Douglas supporters; the electors agreed to vote for whichever candidate stood the best chance of defeating Lincoln in the event the fusion ticket carried the state. A minority of Douglas Democrats in Pennsylvania opposed this arrangement and nominated their own ticket of 27 candidates, including the 12 Douglas electors on the Reading ticket. The split in the Democratic ranks effectively conceded the state to Lincoln, ending fears that the defection of protectionist voters to the Constitutional Union Party could cost Republicans the state's 27 electoral votes.

General election

Results

"Straight" Douglas performance by county margin.{{collapsible list

|{{legend|#E1EFFF|Douglas— | | | | ]] Pennsylvania chose 27 electors on a statewide general ticket. Nineteenth-century election laws required voters to elect each member of the Electoral College individually, rather than as a group. This sometimes resulted in small differences in the number of votes cast for electors pledged to the same presidential candidate, if some voters did not vote for all the electors nominated by a party.

Twelve candidates ran on both the Fusion ("Reading") and the "Straight" Douglas tickets; the official returns compiled by the secretary of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania record the total number of votes for each candidate but do not include a full breakdown by ticket. Joseph Laubach won 194,834 votes as a Fusion–Douglas elector, the highest total for an candidate endorsed on both tickets. John Alexander Ahl received the most votes of any candidate nominated exclusively on the Reading ticket, and his statewide result is shown here as the best approximation of support for the Fusion electors. Similarly, the result shown for the "Straight" Douglas electors reflects the highest total for a candidate nominated exclusively on the Douglas ticket.

Hannibal Hamlin Joseph Lane; Stephen A. Douglas Herschel V. Johnson Herschel V. Johnson Edward Everett

Results by county

County	Abraham Lincoln
Republican	John C. Breckinridge;
Stephen A. Douglas
Fusion	Stephen A. Douglas
Douglas Democratic	John Bell
Constitutional Union	Total	#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%	Total	268,030	56.26%	178,871	37.54%	16,765	3.52%	12,776	2.68%	476,442
	Adams		2,724		50.06%		2,644		48.59%		36		0.66%		38		0.70%		5,442
	Allegheny		16,725		68.15%		6,725		27.40%		523		2.13%		570		2.32%		24,543
	Armstrong		3,355		60.80%		2,108		38.20%		5		0.09%		50		0.91%		5,518
	Beaver		2,824		62.66%		1,621		35.97%		4		0.09%		58		1.29%		4,507
	Bedford		2,505		51.87%		2,224		46.06%		14		0.29%		86		1.78%		4,829
	Berks		6,709		41.64%		8,846		54.91%		420		2.61%		136		0.84%		16,111
	Blair		3,050		61.48%		1,275		25.70%		239		4.82%		397		8.00%		4,961
	Bradford		7,091		76.17%		2,188		23.50%		9		0.10%		22		0.24%		9,310
	Bucks		6,443		52.82%		5,174		42.41%		487		3.99%		95		0.78%		12,199
	Butler		3,640		60.60%		2,332		38.82%		13		0.22%		22		0.37%		6,007
	Cambria		2,277		54.81%		1,643		39.55%		110		2.65%		124		2.99%		4,154
	Carbon		1,758		50.97%		1,301		37.72%		369		10.70%		21		0.61%		3,449
	Centre		3,021		55.07%		2,423		44.17%		26		0.47%		16		0.29%		5,486
	Chester		7,771		58.68%		5,008		37.81%		263		1.99%		202		1.53%		13,244
	Clarion		1,829		46.67%		2,078		53.02%		0		0.00%		12		0.31%		3,919
	Clearfield		1,702		47.80%		1,836		51.56%		0		0.00%		23		0.65%		3,561
	Clinton		1,736		56.88%		1,244		40.76%		72		2.36%		0		0.00%		3,052
	Columbia		1,873		43.17%		2,366		54.53%		86		1.98%		14		0.32%		4,339
	Crawford		5,779		65.49%		2,961		33.56%		62		0.70%		22		0.25%		8,824
	Cumberland		3,593		51.71%		3,183		45.81%		26		0.36%		147		2.12%		6,949
	Dauphin		4,531		62.18%		2,392		32.83%		195		2.68%		169		2.32%		7,287
	Delaware		3,181		62.12%		1,500		29.29%		152		2.97%		288		5.62%		5,121
	Elk		407		43.76%		523		56.24%		0		0.00%		0		0.00%		930
	Erie		6,160		70.02%		2,531		28.77%		17		0.19%		90		1.02%		8,798
	Fayette		3,454		49.82%		3,308		47.71%		24		0.35%		147		2.12%		6,933
	Forest		107		69.48%		47		30.52%		0		0.00%		0		0.00%		154
	Franklin		4,151		56.37%		2,515		34.15%		622		8.45%		76		1.03%		7,364
	Fulton		788		45.05%		911		52.09%		1		0.06%		49		2.80%		1,749
	Greene		1,614		37.34%		2,665		61.66%		26		0.60%		17		0.39%		4,322
	Huntingdon		3,089		64.52%		1,622		33.88%		55		1.15%		22		0.46%		4,788
	Indiana		3,910		74.07%		1,347		25.52%		0		0.00%		22		0.42%		5,279
	Jefferson		1,704		59.81%		1,134		39.80%		6		0.21%		5		0.18%		2,849
	Juniata		1,494		55.23%		1,147		42.40%		2		0.07%		62		2.29%		2,705
	Lancaster		13,352		67.93%		5,135		26.12%		728		3.70%		441		2.24%		19,656
	Lawrence		2,937		77.86%		788		20.89%		16		0.42%		31		0.82%		3,772
	Lebanon		3,868		65.58%		1,917		32.50%		10		0.17%		103		1.75%		5,898
	Lehigh		4,170		49.28%		4,094		48.39%		145		1.71%		52		0.61%		8,461
	Luzerne		7,300		51.76%		6,803		48.24%		0		0.00%		0		0.00%		14,103
	Lycoming		3,494		56.59%		2,402		38.91%		187		3.03%		91		1.47%		6,174
	McKean		1,077		64.49%		591		35.39%		0		0.00%		2		0.12%		1,670
	Mercer		3,855		59.75%		2,546		39.46%		2		0.03%		49		0.76%		6,452
	Mifflin		1,701		56.53%		1,189		39.51%		83		2.76%		36		1.20%		3,009
	Monroe		844		35.21%		1,262		52.65%		291		12.14%		0		0.00%		2,397
	Montgomery		5,826		46.18%		5,590		44.31%		509		4.03%		690		5.47%		12,615
	Montour		1,043		48.65%		786		36.66%		311		14.51%		4		0.19%		2,144
	Northampton		3,839		44.02%		4,597		52.71%		115		1.32%		171		1.96%		8,722
	Northumberland		2,422		49.46%		2,306		47.09%		97		1.98%		72		1.47%		4,897
	Perry		2,371		57.00%		1,743		41.90%		8		0.19%		38		0.91%		4,160
	Philadelphia		39,223		50.78%		21,619		27.99%		9,274		12.01%		7,131		9.23%		77,247
	Pike		381		31.41%		831		68.51%		0		0.00%		1		0.08%		1,213
	Potter		1,545		74.78%		521		25.22%		0		0.00%		0		0.00%		2,066
	Schuylkill		7,568		57.78%		4,968		37.93%		422		3.22%		139		1.06%		13,097
	Snyder		1,678		63.25%		910		34.30%		60		2.26%		5		0.19%		2,653
	Somerset		3,218		73.07%		1,175		26.68%		1		0.02%		10		0.23%		4,404
	Sullivan		429		46.28%		497		53.61%		0		0.00%		1		0.11%		927
	Susquehanna		4,470		63.62%		2,548		36.27%		2		0.03%		6		0.09%		7,026
	Tioga		4,754		78.57%		1,277		21.10%		11		0.18%		9		0.15%		6,051
	Union		1,824		68.31%		812		30.41%		28		1.05%		6		0.22%		2,670
	Venango		2,680		57.96%		1,932		41.78%		6		0.13%		6		0.13%		4,624
	Warren		2,284		67.67%		1,087		32.21%		4		0.12%		0		0.00%		3,375
	Washington		4,724		53.69%		3,975		45.18%		8		0.09%		91		1.03%		8,798
	Wayne		2,857		52.16%		2,618		47.80%		0		0.00%		2		0.04%		5,477
	Westmoreland		4,887		50.33%		4,796		49.40%		13		0.13%		13		0.13%		9,709
	Wyoming		1,286		50.81%		1,237		48.87%		8		0.32%		0		0.00%		2,531
	York		5,128		43.60%		5,497		46.74%		562		4.78%		574		4.88%		11,761

Analysis

Pennsylvania voted for the Republican candidate, Abraham Lincoln, over the fusion ticket. Lincoln won Pennsylvania by a margin of 18.72%. Lincoln's victory was the first of eighteen out of nineteen Republican victories in the state, as Pennsylvania would not vote Democratic again until Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1936, and would not vote for a different candidate again until Theodore Roosevelt’s third-party bid in 1912. Lincoln fashioned his victory in Pennsylvania out of Yankee and some Scots-Irish support.

Pennsylvania in the election was one of the four states that had a fusion ticket for the Democratic Party. The other three states were New Jersey, New York and Rhode Island.

The 1860 presidential election in Pennsylvania began a trend in which the state would vote the same as nearby Michigan in presidential elections, as the two states have voted for president in lockstep with each other on all but three occasions since Lincoln's victory – 1932, 1940, and 1976.

References

Bibliography

Info: Wikipedia Source

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