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1216 papal election

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1216 papal election
Summary

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FieldValue
year1216
notconclavetrue
commonname
dates18 July 1216
locationPerugia
deanNicola de Romanis
camerlengoStefano di Ceccano
protopriestCinzio Cenci
protodeaconGuido Pierleone
candidates
vetoed
pope_electedCencio Savelli
nametakenHonorius III
imageVad-0321 025 Honorius III (cropped).jpg
prevconclave_year1198
prevconclave_link1198 papal election
nextconclave_year1227
nextconclave_link1227 papal election

The 1216 papal election was convoked in Perugia on 18 July 1216 following the death of Pope Innocent III two days earlier. The troubled social and political climate in Italy, including the threat of schism and foreign invasions, led the assembled cardinals to adopt the procedure of , delegating the election to a committee of cardinal-bishops.

The committee, which included Ugolino di Segni (later Pope Gregory IX) and Guido Papareschi, elected Cencio Savelli, aged 68, who took the name Honorius III. Honorius III was both a Roman native and renowned for his diplomatic skills, which would prove essential for navigating the papacy through contemporary challenges such as the Fifth Crusade and ongoing disputes with secular powers.

Seventeen cardinals participated in the election, while eight were absent, including several notable legates active in European affairs. The swift and nearly unanimous outcome of the election was achieved amid uncertainty regarding external pressures and the need for unity during a critical period of Church history.

List of participants

There were 25 cardinals in the College of Cardinals in July 1216, including 23 curial cardinals and two "external cardinals", who did not reside in the papal curia It is known that 17 of them participated in the election:

ElectorTitleElevatedElevatorOther ecclesiastical titlesNotes
Nicola de RomanisBishop of Frascati18 December 1204Innocent IIIDean of the Sacred College of Cardinals
Ugolino di SegniBishop of Ostia e Velletri19 December 1198Innocent IIICommittee member; cardinal-nephew; future Pope Gregory IX
Guido PapareschiBishop of Palestrina22 September 1190Clement IIICommittee member
Pelagio GalvaniBishop of Albanoca. 1206/1207Innocent III
Cinzio CenciPriest of S. Lorenzo in Lucina22 September 1190Clement IIIProtopriest
CencioPriest of SS. Giovanni e Paolo20 February 1193Celestine IIICamerlengo of the Sacred College of CardinalsElected Pope Honorius III; possibly of Savelli family
Giovanni Colonna di CarbognanoDeacon of SS. Cosma e Damiano27 May 1206Innocent III
Gregorio GualganoPriest of S. Anastasia27 May 1206Innocent III
Robert of CoursonPriest of S. Stefano al Monte Celio19 May 1212Innocent III
Peter of BeneventoPriest of S. Lorenzo in Damaso19 May 1212Innocent IIIHis name is often erroneously listed as Pierre Duacensis
Stefano di Ceccano, O.Cist.Priest of SS. XII Apostoli13 April 1213Innocent IIICamerlengo of the Holy Roman Church
Tommaso da CapuaPriest of S. Sabina5 March 1216Innocent IIIVice-Chancellor of the Holy Roman Church
Guido PierleoneDeacon of S. Nicola in Carcere Tulliano18 December 1204Innocent IIIProtodeacon; Archpriest of the patriarchal Vatican Basilica
Ottaviano dei conti di SegniDeacon of SS. Sergio e Bacco27 May 1206Innocent IIICardinal-nephew
Gregorio CrescenziDeacon of S. Teodoro5 March 1216Innocent III
Romano BonaventuraDeacon of S. Maria in Portico5 March 1216Innocent III
Stefano de Normandis dei ContiDeacon of S. Adriano5 March 1216Innocent IIICardinal-nephew

Absentee cardinals

Eight cardinals, including six curial and two "external cardinals", were absent:

ElectorCardinalatial titleElevatedElevatorNotes
BenedettoBishop of Porto e Santa Rufina3 June 1200Innocent III
Ruggiero di San SeverinoCardinal Priest of S. Eusebioca. 1178/80Alexander IIIArchbishop of Benevento 1179-1221 ("external" cardinal)
Leone Brancaleone, C.R.S.F.Priest of S. Croce in Gerusalemme3 June 1200Innocent IIIPapal legate in Lombardy
Guala BicchieriPriest of SS. Silvestro e Martino ai Monti18 December 1204Innocent IIIPapal legate in England
Stephen LangtonS.R.E. cardinalis27 May 1206Innocent IIIArchbishop of Canterbury 1207-1228; resigned this titulus S,. Crisogono after episcopal consecration in 1207; "external" cardinal
Pietro SassoPriest of S. Pudenziana27 May 1206Innocent IIIArchpriest of the patriarchal Liberian Basilica; papal legate in Germany
BertrannusDeacon of S. Giorgio in Velabro19 May 1212Innocent III
Rainiero Capocci, O.Cist.Deacon of S. Maria in Cosmedin5 March 1216Innocent IIIPapal legate in Lombardy

Election of Pope Honorius III

Perugia cityscape (15th century)

The cardinals assembled in Perugia two days after the death of Innocent III. They deliberated in the enclosure, though it is not certain whether voluntarily or under pressure of the local authorities. They decided to elect the new Pope by compromissum, it means, not by the whole Sacred College, but by the committee of few of them, empowered by the rest to appoint the new Pontiff. This time the committee included only two cardinal-bishops: Ugolino of Ostia and Guido of Palestrina. On that same day, they elected Cardinal Cencio, called Camerario, aged 68, who accepted his election and took the name of Honorius III.

Notes

Sources

References

  1. Maleczek, Werner. (1984). "Papst und Kardinalskolleg von 1191 bis 1216". Wien.
  2. "Honorius III".
  3. "Vatican History: Honorius III".
  4. "Papal elections and conclaves by century".
  5. "Pope Honorius III".
  6. Powell, James M.. (1977). "Honorius III and the Leadership of the Crusade". The Catholic Historical Review.
  7. The reconstruction of the Sacred College in July 1216 is based on W. Maleczek, ''Papst und Kardinalskolleg von 1191 bis 1216'', Wien 1984. Maleczek has rectified the earlier reconstructions made by Alphonso Ciacconio in his ''Vitae et res gestae Pontificum Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalium'' (1677) and [[Conrad Eubel]] in his ''Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi'' (1913), which are the main sources for the lists in both electronic accounts listed below.
  8. W. Maleczek, op.cit., p. 357
  9. Pierre Duacensis and Peter of Benevento were actually different persons; Duacensis was never promoted to the cardinalate. See an article by John Wei, [http://www.raco.cat/index.php/Ausa/article/viewFile/16544/16384 TWO LETTERS OF HONORIUS III TO CATALONIA], pp. 84–85 note 6
  10. For this reason, an account on [http://www.vaticanhistory.de/vh/html/honorius_iii_.html Vatican History] {{webarchive. link. (2011-05-27 considers this election the "first [[papal conclave]]")
  11. Ambrogio Piazzoni, ''Historia wyboru papieży'', Wyd. M, Kraków 2003, pp. 181–182
  12. [http://www.vaticanhistory.de/vh/html/honorius_iii_.html Vatican history] {{webarchive. link. (2011-05-27)
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