1 Samuel 2

Text

The original text of this chapter, as with the rest of the Books of Samuel, was written in Hebrew. Since the division of the Bible into chapters in the late medieval period, this chapter is divided into 36 verses.

Textual witnesses

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis (895), Aleppo Codex (10th century), and Codex Leningradensis (1008). Fragments containing parts of this chapter in Hebrew were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls including 4Q51 (4QSam; 100–50 BCE) with extant verses 1–10, 16–36.

There is also a difference into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BCE. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; \mathfrak{G}B; 4th century) and Codex Alexandrinus (A; \mathfrak{G}A; 5th century).

| Israel

Period

• The event in this chapter happened at the end of judges period in Israel, about 1100 BC.

Structure

The New Revised Standard Version organises this chapter as follows:

• = Hannah's Prayer
• = Eli’s Wicked Sons
• = The Child Samuel at Shiloh
• = Prophecy Against Eli’s Household

Prophecy against Eli's household

Verses 22 to 25 introduce a topic dealing with the condemnation of the house of Eli on account of his sons' transgressions. The Masoretic Text of the Hebrew Bible, Targum, and Vulgate translation refer to Hophni and Phinehas' sins including both the misappropriation of food brought to sacrifice at the shrine in Shiloh and also their sexual relations with "the women who assembled at the door of the tabernacle of meeting". The Septuagint and the Dead Sea Scrolls omit the latter issue.

Eli hears of his sons' behaviour and challenges them to reform, but they take no account of his pleading. Then a "man of God" comes to Eli, a prophet of whom, says Donald Spence Jones, "we know nothing".

Notes

References

Bibliography

Commentaries on Samuel

• Shmuel I – Samuel I (Judaica Press) translation with [Rashi's commentary] at Chabad.org

General

References

1. {{bibleverse. 1 Samuel. 2:18. HE
2. (2010). "The Biblical Qumran Scrolls: Transcriptions and Textual Variants". Brill.
3. [https://thewaytoyahuweh.com/dead-sea-scrolls/general-info/#1_samuel Dead sea scrolls - 1 Samuel]
4. Fitzmyer, Joseph A.. (2008). "A Guide to the Dead Sea Scrolls and Related Literature". William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company.
5. [https://www.deadseascrolls.org.il/explore-the-archive/manuscript/4Q51-1 4Q51 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library]
6. {{Catholic Encyclopedia
7. {{bibleverse. 1. Samuel. 2:22. NKJV
8. [http://biblehub.com/sep/1_samuel/2.htm Brenton's Septuagint Translation, 1 Samuel 2]
9. [http://dssenglishbible.com/1%20samuel%202.htm Dead Sea Scrolls Bible Translations: 1 Samuel 2 from Scroll 4Q51 Samuel]
10. Spence, H D M, [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/ellicott/1_samuel/2.htm Ellicott's Commentary for Modern Readers on 1 Samuel 2], accessed 20 April 2017