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1,2,4-Butanetriol trinitrate

1,2,4-Butanetriol trinitrate (BTTN), also called butanetriol trinitrate, is an important military propellant. It is a colorless to brown explosive liquid.

BTTN is used as a propellant in virtually all single-stage missiles used by the United States, including the Hellfire. It is less volatile, less sensitive to shock, and more thermally stable than nitroglycerine, for which it is a promising replacement.

BTTN as a propellant is often used in a mixture with nitroglycerin. The mixture can be made by co-nitration of butanetriol and glycerol. BTTN is also used as a plasticizer in some nitrocellulose-based propellants.

BTTN is manufactured by nitration of 1,2,4-butanetriol. Biotechnological manufacture of butanetriol is under intensive research.

References

References

  1. "1,2,4-Butanetriol, 1,2,4-trinitrate".
  2. Pisacane, Frank J.. (1982). "1,2,4-Butanetriol: Analysis and Synthesis". PN.
  3. (2004-02-02). "Bacteria help make missile fuel".
  4. Varghese, T. L.. (2017-01-03). "The Chemistry and Technology of Solid Rocket Propellants (A Treatise on Solid Propellants)". Allied Publishers.
  5. Bhowmik, D.. (2015). "An Energetic Binder for the Formulation of Advanced Solid Rocket Propellants". Central European Journal of Energetic Materials.
  6. Farncomb, Robert E.. (1987-07-06). "Patent application: Co-Nitration of 1,2,4-Butanetriol and Glycerin".
  7. Sutton, George P.. (2016-11-30). "Rocket Propulsion Elements". John Wiley & Sons.
  8. Gouranlou, Farideh. (2010-06-01). "Synthesis and Characterization of 1,2,4-Butanetrioltrinitrate". Asian Journal of Chemistry.
  9. Cao, Yujin. (2015-12-16). "Biotechnological production of 1,2,4-butanetriol: An efficient process to synthesize energetic material precursor from renewable biomass". Scientific Reports.
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nitrate-esters explosive-chemicals liquid-explosives propellants
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