Treaty of Zürich

The Treaty of Zurich was signed by the Austrian Empire, the French Empire, and the Kingdom of Sardinia on 10 November 1859. The agreement was a reaffirmation of the terms of the preliminary peace of Villafranca, which brought the Austro-Sardinian War to an official close. The treaty actually consisted of three separate treaties – a treaty between France and Austria, which reaffirmed the terms of the preliminary peace, re-established peace between the two emperors, and ceded Lombardy to France. A second treaty, between France and Sardinia, saw France cede Lombardy to Sardinia. The third treaty, signed by all three powers, re-established a state of peace between Austria and Sardinia.

In the French-Austrian treaty, both countries agreed to work towards a confederation of Italian states, including Venice, under the honorary presidency of the Pope (art. 18), which never happened.

• Armistice of Villafranca

• Treaty of Turin (1860)

• Treaty of Vienna (1866)

• Second Italian War of Independence

• The Valtelline (1603-1639) - Chapter II

• Heraldry in Pre-Unification Italy

• Chapter XI - Hungarian Soldiers in Foreign Armies

• Encarta Encyclopedia - Italy

• The Project Gutenberg eBook - The Liberation of Italy by Countess Evelyn Martinengo-Cesaresco