René Ménard

Biography

René Ménard was born in Paris on 2 March 1605. He joined the Jesuits there on 7 September 1624. After the usual course of studies at La Flèche, Bourges, and Orleans, he set out from Dieppe in the beginning of May 1640. Arriving at Québec he was assigned to work among the Hurons, laboring first, however, among the Nippissings. From 1651 to 1656 he was the superior at Trois-Rivières. From 1656 to 1658 he was a missioner to the Cayuga, and later to the Oneida.

In 1660, Ménard was sent west from Montreal with a trading party of Ottawa and the fur traders Radisson and Groseilliers, heading for what is now northern Wisconsin, aiming to establish a mission among the Ottawa. The 55-year-old Ménard didn't expect to return. The night before departure he wrote to a friend,

Leaving Trois-Rivières, Québec at the end of August, they paddled for six weeks up the St. Lawrence, up the Ottawa River, and across Georgian Bay. The party didn't go easy on the frail Ménard. Separated from the French traders and his assistant, he was forced to paddle continuously and carry heavy loads with meager rations. When they passed Sault Ste. Marie into Lake Superior, Ménard had penetrated further into the Great Lakes region than any Western official before. After his party's canoe was destroyed by a falling tree in mid-October, Ménard wintered with some Ottawas at Keweenaw Bay near what is now L'Anse, Michigan. He sheltered in a hut he made of tree branches and at times he subsisted on fish begged from the Indians and boiled moss. Despite the hardships and resistance from many Indians, he baptized and taught the Christian faith.

In the spring he heard that a band of Hurons in the interior was starving, and he set off to minister to them, though he himself had only a bag of sturgeon and some dried meat. He and a fur trader nicknamed L'Esperance walked and canoed down into what is believed to be present-day Taylor County in north central Wisconsin. At a rapids a day's journey from the Huron village, Ménard, now weak with hunger himself, became separated from his companion, and disappeared. His cassock and breviary were later found among the Dakotas.

Bishop François de Laval of Québec wrote of Ménard and the fur traders, "Seven Frenchmen attached themselves to this Apostle, they to catch beavers, he to gain souls."

References

References

1. Kellogg, Louise P., [http://content.wisconsinhistory.org/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/wmh&CISOPTR=2505&REC=1&CISOSHOW=2425 "The First Missionary in Wisconsin"], ''The Wisconsin Magazine of History'', Volume 4, number 4, June 1921.
2. [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10178c.htm Campbell, Thomas. "René Ménard." The Catholic Encyclopedia] Vol. 10. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. 14 January 2018
3. [http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/menard_rene_1E.html Monet, J., "Ménard, René", ''Dictionary of Canadian Biography'', vol. 1, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003–]
4. [https://books.google.com/books?id=VLk8AAAAIAAJ&dq=Ferdinand+Steinmeyer&pg=PA275 Corrigan, Michael. "Register of the Clergy Laboring in the Archdiocese of New York", ''Historical Records and Studies'', Vol. 1, United States Catholic Historical Society, 1899 p. 24]
5. Schmirler, A. A. A., [http://content.wisconsinhistory.org/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/wmh&CISOPTR=22009&CISOSHOW=21949&REC=1 "Wisconsin's Lost Missionary: The Mystery of Father Rene Menard"], ''The Wisconsin Magazine of History'', Volume 45, number 2, winter, 1961-1962.
6. [http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/turningpoints/search.asp?id=53 "A priest journeys to a Wisconsin village of exiled Hurons in 1661."] Wisconsin Historical Society. This page links to translations of Ménard's final letters.
7. (3 August 2012). "The Search for Wisconsin's First Priest".