Our Lady of Ljeviš

Name

Bogorodica ljeviška was the official name in Milutin's era although the church was popularly known as the Church of St. Paraskeva. This is the name by which it is known by both Albanians as Shën Premte and Serbs as Sveta Petka. Consequently, when it became a mosque it was known Cuma Cami (, Џума-џамија), the Friday Mosque, although it was officially known as Fatih Cami, Mehmed Fatih's mosque.

"Ljeviška" (of Ljeviš) is a Serbianized version of the Greek word "Eleusa" (Ελεούσα), meaning "merciful", a type of depiction of the Virgin Mary in icons in which the infant Jesus Christ is nestled against her cheek.

History

The site has been used as a religious and burial site since antiquity. Remains of an altar of the Roman era have been found in the outer walls of the later church. A stone slab which depicts a laurel wreath has also been found within the walls of the church. It may have been part of a public building of the same era in the region of Prizren. These findings are common of medieval times, as parts of older buildings were frequently used as building materials (spolia). They highlight valuable information about the city of Prizren in the Roman period and indicate that it may have been a settlement bigger than a village at that time.

Stefan Milutin, King of Serbia, commissioned its rebuilding and expansion in 1306/7 on the site of a Byzantine basilica of the 11th century. The church was built by master builder Nicholas, according to an inscription in the exonarthex. The previous Byzantine church had three naves to which Milutin added two more. The architecture of the rebuilt church utilized Late Byzantine architecture through the use of five domes, monumental inscriptions in its exterior and the Byzantine belfry. Milutin chose to utilize these elements as a symbol in order to highlight his own partially Byzantine origin and relation to the imperial family. Another aspect of the frescoes of Bogorodica is their depiction of Orthodox councils as a symbol that referred to the challenges the Orthodox Church faced against the Catholic Church, a situation common in the borderlands between Catholicism and Orthodoxy in the Balkans.

The church has an inscription, written in Persian language and incised in Arabic script over the fresco, of a verse composed by the Persian poet Hafez.

In the 15th century, Prizren became part of the expanding Ottoman Empire. In 1455, Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror (Fatih Mehmet) visited Prizren, which at the time had eight Orthodox and two Catholic churches. Sultan Mehmed chose Bogorodica to become a mosque. An inscription in the church describes the event of the conversion. The conversion into a mosque saw the erection of a minaret, which was removed in 1923 after Serbia had annexed Kosovo. In this period, it was formally called Fatih camisi, while popularly it was known as Cuma Cami, which is how the site is known to the local inhabitants. The archival records of the mosque are a valuable source for the history of Ottoman Prizren. In the Great Turkish War, the Austrian army held Prizren briefly. As a plague erupted, imperial general Silvio Piccolomini visited Prizren to meet Catholic Archbishop Pjetër Bogdani. There, a few days later he died as he had contracted the plague and was buried in the graveyard of the church.

In 1948, it was recognized by the Yugoslav government as a protected cultural site and in 1950–52 a large-scale reconstruction and restoration project began. When it was completed, the site was turned into a museum. Further restoration work was done in the 1970s and 1980s. In 1990, Serbia designated it a Monument of Culture of Exceptional Importance. After the Kosovo War, the complex was guarded by KFOR. It was heavily damaged during the 2004 unrest in Kosovo when it was burnt along with other Serbian Orthodox sites. On 13 July 2006, it was placed on UNESCO's World Heritage List as an extension of the Visoki Dečani site (named Medieval Monuments in Kosovo), which, as a whole, was placed on the List of World Heritage in Danger. In 2005–2008, it was restored by the Commission for Implementation of Reconstruction for Serbian Orthodox Church monuments in Kosovo of the European Union. The site is part of the protected cultural heritage of the Kosovo under its Ministry of Culture. In 2020, conservation and restoration of the exterior and churchyard was carried out, under finance of the Serbian Ministry of Culture and Information.

Gallery

Iglesia de Nuestra Señora de Ljevis, Prizren, Kosovo, 2014-04-16, DD 04.JPG|Bell tower. File:St. Barbara, Fresco in church of the Virgin Ljeviska, Prizren, 1310-14, Serbia.jpg|St. Barbara Crkva Bogorodica Ljeviška, freska kralja Milutina pre restauracije.jpg|Fresco of King Milutin before restoration in Church Our Lady of Ljeviš in Prizren. Image:Ljeviska007b.jpg|Bathing of the Christ, destroyed during the 2004 unrest in Kosovo. Image:Ljevis31.jpg|The fresco of King Milutin, Bogorodica Ljeviška. Image:Simeon Ljeviska.jpg|Saint Simeon (Stefan Nemanja), fresco from Mother of God Ljeviška. Image:Ljeviska002.jpg|Fresco "Communion of Apostles", Bogorodica Ljeviška. Image:Prvovencani Ljeviska1.jpg|Stefan Prvovenčani, beginning of the 14th century (1307–1309), fresco from Bogorodica Ljeviška church in Prizren. Image:Saint Sava, Bogorodica Ljeviška.jpg|Saint Sava, beginning of the 14th century (1307–1309), fresco from Bogorodica Ljeviška church in Prizren. Image:Our_Lady_of_Ljeviš%2C_Prizren%2C_2010._View_from_clock_tower.jpg|View of the church in 2010 after restoration.

Sources

References

Bibliography

References

1. (30 August 2017). "BOGORODICE LJEVIŠKA MOLI BOGA ZA NAS Proslavljena hramovna slava Prizrenske svetinje". Srbin.info.
2. (27 April 2019). "Bogorodica Ljeviška nije obnovljena ni posle 15 godina od pogroma". Politika.
3. Bobot, Rajko. (1985). "Socialist Republic of Serbia". Jugoslovenska Revija.
4. Zečević, D.. (17 December 2018). "1.000 GODINA EPARHIJE RAŠKO-PRIZRENSKE: Duhovni bedem srpskog naroda". [[Večernje novosti]].
5. Otašević, Dušan. (2017). "Serbian Artistic Heritage in Kosovo and Metohija: Identity, Significance, Vulnerability". Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts.
6. Vapheiades, Konstantinos. (2019). "The wall-paintings of the Protaton Church revisited". Zograf.
7. {{harvnb. Ćurčić. 2004
8. [https://www.kosovo.net/ljeviska.html The Church of the Holy Virgin of Ljevis in Prizren] Retrieved 25 August 2024.
9. ''The Poems of Hafez''. Trans. Reza Saberi. University Press of America,, 1995 {{ISBN. 0-7618-0075-1 Saberi translated the verse as follows: The portico of my eyes' sight is your nest. (Chapter XXXIV).
10. {{harvnb. Nenadović. 1963
11. "Database of Cultural Heritage of Kosovo". Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Kosovo.
12. "Prizren, OUR LADY OF LJEVIS (XIV century) - burnt inside (PHOTO: 22.3.2004) - Serbian Orthodox Church [Official web site]".
13. "Eighth anniversary of violence against KiM Serbs/OrthoChristian.Com". pravoslavie.ru.
14. "Завршена санација и конзервација звоника на цркви Богородице Љевишке у Призрену".