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Örüg Temür Khan


FieldValue
nameÖrüg Temür Khan
月魯帖木兒汗
titleKhagan of the Mongols
image_size200px
successionKhagan of the Northern Yuan dynasty
reign1402–1408
coronation1402
predecessorGün Temür Khan
successorÖljei Temür Khan
royal houseBorjigin
dynastyNorthern Yuan
death_date1408

月魯帖木兒汗

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Örüg Temür Khan, possibly also known by his nickname as Guiranchi, was a khagan of the Northern Yuan dynasty, reigning from 1402 to 1408. Örüg Temür, in historical materials compiled by the Timurid dynasty, has been a descendant of Ögedei. He might also be descended from either Ariq Böke or Genghis Khan's younger brothers—either Hasar or Temüge.

Elbeg Khan appointed Bahamu (Batula, Mahamu, Muhamud) ruler of the Four Oirats after he had mistakenly executed his father Khuuhai. The Khagan's decision disappointed the Oirat Torguud clan leader Ugechi Khashikha (; , "Khashikha" means prince or duke in the Tungusic languages). Ugetchi Khashikha and Bahamu organized the plot to kill Elbeg and succeeded; the former seized the family and property of the late Khagan. There's a dispute over whether Örüg Temür was the same person as Ugechi Khashikha himself, because the Ming Dynasty recorded fierce battles between Guilichi of Eastern Mongols and Oirat's leaders. Thus, it is still unclear whether he was an Oirat or a Genghisid. The History of Ming recorded that Guilichi became the new khagan in 1402 and abolished the dynastic title of "Great Yuan" (大元) promulgated in 1271 by Kublai; however, the Han-style title had already been abolished in 1388.

Reign

Guilichi appointed Arughtai of the Asud chingsang of the Eastern Mongols. According to Ming annals, he might have nominated a “Tatar” (East Mongols) khan. The Yongle Emperor made overtures to Guilichi and his principal retainer Arughtai to establish a relationship within Ming China's tributary system, but Guilichi and Arughtai rejected it. They also poisoned Engke Temur, Prince of Hami, who had allied with the Ming. However, Guilichi was defeated by Öljei Temür Khan, the Kublaid descent Borjigin monarch, in 1403. In 1408, his former chingsang and noyan Arughtai killed him after a conflict erupted between them.

Notes

References

References

  1. (2000). "15世紀中葉前的北元可汗世系及政局 (Genealogy and political situation of the Northern Yuan Khans of the mid-15th century)". 蒙古史研究 (Mongolian History Research).
  2. 東京外国語大学. アジア・アフリカ言語文化研究所-アジア・アフリカ言語文化研究, Issues 27–30, p. 152.
  3. (1987年). "关于北元汗系". 内蒙古大学学报.
  4. C. P. Atwood-Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, list of heads of Mongolia
  5. [http://sitemaker.umich.edu/mladjov/files/mongolian_rulers.pdf List of Mongolian rulers]
  6. 岡田英弘『モンゴル帝国から大清帝国へ』(藤原書店 p.368)
  7. (2002). "ホトクタイ=セチェン=ホンタイジの研究". 風間書房.
  8. Ed. Denis Crispin Twitchett, John King Fairbank-The Cambridge history of China, Volume 2; Volume 8, p. 227.
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