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Kōhaku Uta Gassen

Japanese New Year's Eve musical television special

Field	Value
alt_name	NHK Kōhaku Uta Gassen
image	NHK Kouhaku logo 2021.png
image_size	220
image_alt	Logo since the 72nd edition (2022)
runtime	4 hours 30 minutes
creator	Tsumoru Kondo
language	Japanese
endtheme	Hotaru no Hikari
num_episodes	76 contests
location	Tokyo Takarazuka Theater (1959–1972)
NHK Hall (1973–2020; 2022 onwards)
Tokyo International Forum (2021)
company	NHK
country	Japan
network	NHK General TV (1953–present)
NHK Radio 1 (1951–present)
NHK World Premium (Worldwide) (1998–present)
first_aired
last_aired	present

Note

NHK Hall (1973–2020; 2022 onwards) Tokyo International Forum (2021) NHK Radio 1 (1951–present) NHK World Premium (Worldwide) (1998–present) NHK Kōhaku Uta Gassen, more commonly known simply as Kōhaku, is an annual New Year's Eve television special produced by Japanese public broadcaster NHK. It is broadcast live simultaneously on television and radio, nationally and internationally by the NHK network and by some overseas (mainly cable) broadcasters who buy the program. The show ends shortly before midnight. Before the show began broadcasting on television in late 1953, the show was held on 3 January and only consisted of a radio broadcast.

The program divides the most popular music artists of the year into competing teams of red and white. The "red" team or akagumi is composed of all female artists (or groups with female vocals), while the "white" team or shirogumi is all male (or groups with male vocals). At the end of the show, judges and the audience vote to decide which group performed better. The honor of performing on Kōhaku is strictly by invitation, so only the most successful singing acts in the Japanese entertainment industry can perform. In addition to the actual music performances, the costumes, hair-styles, makeup, dancing, and lighting are given focus. A performance on the show is regarded as a highlight in singers' careers due to the show's wide reach.

Song selection process

The songs and performers are examined by a selection committee put together by NHK. The basis for selection are record sales and adaptability to the edition's theme.

At the same time, a demographic survey is conducted regarding the most popular singers for each and what kind of music people want to hear. This and the song selection explain the amalgamation of the musical genres and its artists.

There are, however, exceptions to the process. Momoe Yamaguchi chose to sing her favorite song "Hito Natsu no Keiken" (ひと夏の経験) with its suggestive lyrics during the 25th edition, despite NHK's pick of a different song.

Show

When the show was first broadcast on radio in 1951, each team had a few performers, all of whom would perform within an hour. Since 1989, the program goes on for at least four hours as both teams, each having at least 25 performers, perform their songs.

At the end of the show, the audience and a panel of judges—notable celebrities who may or may not have a connection to the music industry—vote to select the winning team. In the past, the audience vote has been composed of a head count of the venue audience members, who could vote for either team (NHK Hall, which has been the venue for most Kōhaku editions since 1971, can seat 3,000 people). This counted as one vote.

As of the 54th (2003) and 55th editions (2004), viewers who watch the program through ISDB-S on NHK BS Hi-vision could vote by having their own head count in their respective households. Although it was still sketchy to determine in the 55th, the audience vote was counted as two votes: one for the venue audience and one for ISDB-S viewers.

The audience vote(s) are added to those of the judges who each have to vote for one team. The team with the most votes wins.

The above process was done differently for the 56th edition (2005). Instead, the NHK Hall head count, the vote count from cellphone users and the vote count from ISDB-S viewers each counted as one vote. As stated above, the team that got at least two votes won.

In the 57th edition (2006), aside from cellphone and ISDB-S viewers and the NHK Hall audience, 1seg users voted. Its format had been reverted to the ball voting system—from the audience head count and the judges' votes.

From the 58th edition (2007) to the 63rd edition (2012) and again in the 65th (2014), 66th (2015), and 68th (2017) through 70th editions (2019), the winner was determined through an overall head count, all from cellphone, ISDB-S viewers, 1seg users, and the NHK Hall Audience (including guests). Voting reverted temporarily to judges plus audience-unit votes in the 64th edition (2013) and 67th (2016) except that viewing audience votes (from internet, cellphone, digital TV, and 1seg voting) during halftime and end of show would each count as one vote and the NHK Hall head count as another single vote. The 71st edition (2020) featured off-venue voting only as there was no live audience in attendance due to concerns that arose from the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan. The 71st edition also saw performances emanating from multiple venues within NHK's studio premises with NHK Hall still the main staging area. The 74th edition (2023) was TV Japan's last broadcast in North America before the network went off the air three months later and would be replaced by the Jme Japanese streaming platform, which aired the 75th edition the following year.

Aside from the performances, there are special performances where certain performers do their act together, the so-called "Ring Show" where performers from both teams take part in a "singing exercise," as well as performances from non-competing artists both in Japan and abroad. At the end of the show, all the performers sing "Hotaru no Hikari" (蛍の光) together. The song is based on the Scottish "Auld Lang Syne" that is commonly sung at New Year parties in the west. In addition, the 50th edition of the show included a "Countdown Special" to welcome the year 2000.

A special celebrating the 100 years of broadcasting is scheduled to air on March 25, 2025. More than 10,000 submissions were received from the public, who shared their favorite and most memorable moments from all broadcasts. Teruyoshi Uchimura, Yo Oizumi, Mone Kamishiraishi, and announcer Maho Kuwako serve as hosts of the special program "100 Years of Broadcasting Project: Everyone's Best Kohaku", airing on March 25, recorded at NHK Hall, Kohaku's venue since 1973. The cast includes Kiyoshi Hikawa, Hiromi Go, Akira Fuse, AI, Nogizaka46, and Golden Bomber. Kazunari Ninomiya is scheduled for a guest appearance. Performers talk about their "Kohaku" memories and sing songs that meet this theme. Previous to the program, a special ** will air on March 13, with guests, including Lady Gaga, commenting about their experiences on Kohaku.

Results

No.	Date	Red team host	White team host	Mediator	Winning
team	Overall record	SHOWA ERA	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31	32	33	34	35	36	37	38	39	HEISEI ERA	40	41	42	43	44	45	46	47	48	49	50	51	52	53	54	55	56	57	58	59	60	61	62	63	64	65	66	67	68	69	REIWA ERA	70	71	72	73	74	75	76	The white team has won 42 of the 76 contests as of 2025.
3 January 1951	Michiko Katō	Shuuichi Fujikura	Masaharu Tanabe	White	1-0
3 January 1952	Kiyoko Tange	Shuuichi Fujikura	Masaharu Tanabe	White	2-0
2 January 1953	Suga Honda	Teru Miyata	Masayori Shimura	White	3-0
31 December 1953	Takiko Mizunoe	Keizo Takahashi	Seigoro Kitade	Red	3-1
31 December 1954	Natsue Fukuji	Keizo Takahashi	Shōzaburō Ishii	Red	3-2
31 December 1955	Teru Miyata	Keizo Takahashi	Shōzaburō Ishii	Red	3-3
31 December 1956	Teru Miyata	Keizo Takahashi	Shōzaburō Ishii	White	4-3
31 December 1957	Takiko Mizunoe	Keizo Takahashi	Shōzaburō Ishii	Red	4-4
31 December 1958	Tetsuko Kuroyanagi	Keizo Takahashi	Shōzaburō Ishii	Red	4-5
31 December 1959	Meiko Nakamura	Keizo Takahashi	Shōzaburō Ishii	Red	4-6
31 December 1960	Meiko Nakamura	Keizo Takahashi	Shōzaburō Ishii	White	5-6
31 December 1961	Meiko Nakamura	Keizo Takahashi	Toshiaki Hosaka	White	6-6
31 December 1962	Mitsuko Mori	Teru Miyata	Shōzaburō Ishii	White	7-6
31 December 1963	Eri Chiemi	Teru Miyata	Shōzaburō Ishii	Red	7-7
31 December 1964	Eri Chiemi	Teru Miyata	Shōzaburō Ishii	White	8-7
31 December 1965	Michiko Hayashi	Teru Miyata	Shōzaburō Ishii	White	9-7
31 December 1966	Peggy Hayama	Teru Miyata	Shōzaburō Ishii	Red	9-8
31 December 1967	Yumiko Kokonoe	Teru Miyata	Shōzaburō Ishii	Red	9-9
31 December 1968	Kiyoko Suizenji	Kyu Sakamoto	Teru Miyata	White	10-9
31 December 1969	Yukari Ito	Kyu Sakamoto	Teru Miyata	Red	10-10
31 December 1970	Hibari Misora	Teru Miyata	Shizuo Yamakawa	Red	10-11
31 December 1971	Kiyoko Suizenji	Teru Miyata	Shizuo Yamakawa	White	11-11
31 December 1972	Naomi Sagara	Teru Miyata	Shizuo Yamakawa	Red	11-12
31 December 1973	Kiyoko Suizenji	Teru Miyata	Shizuo Yamakawa	Red	11-13
31 December 1974	Naomi Sagara	Shizuo Yamakawa	Masao Domon & Yōzō Nakae	Red	11-14
31 December 1975	Naomi Sagara	Shizuo Yamakawa	Hiroshi Aikawa	White	12-14
31 December 1976	Naomi Sagara	Shizuo Yamakawa	Hiroshi Aikawa	Red	12-15
31 December 1977	Naomi Sagara	Shizuo Yamakawa	Hiroshi Aikawa	White	13-15
31 December 1978	Mitsuko Mori	Shizuo Yamakawa	Hiroshi Aikawa	White	14-15
31 December 1979	Kiyoko Suizenji	Shizuo Yamakawa	Yōzō Nakae	Red	14-16
31 December 1980	Tetsuko Kuroyanagi	Shizuo Yamakawa	Yōzō Nakae	Red	14-17
31 December 1981	Tetsuko Kuroyanagi	Shizuo Yamakawa	Keiichi Ubukata	White	15-17
31 December 1982	Tetsuko Kuroyanagi	Shizuo Yamakawa	Keiichi Ubukata	Red	15-18
31 December 1983	Tetsuko Kuroyanagi	Kenji Suzuki	Tamori	White	16-18
31 December 1984	Mitsuko Mori	Kenji Suzuki	Keiichi Ubukata	Red	16-19
31 December 1985	Masako Mori	Kenji Suzuki	Masaho Senda	Red	16-20
31 December 1986	Yuki Saito & Yoriko Mekata	Yūzō Kayama & Masaho Senda	Seiichi Yoshikawa	White	17-20
31 December 1987	Akiko Wada	Yūzō Kayama	Seiichi Yoshikawa	Red	17-21
31 December 1988	Akiko Wada	Yūzō Kayama	Keiko Sugiura	White	18-21
31 December 1989	Yoshiko Mita	Tetsuya Takeda	Sadatomo Matsudaira	Red	18-22
31 December 1990	Yoshiko Mita	Toshiyuki Nishida	Sadatomo Matsudaira	White	19-22
31 December 1991	Yūko Asano	Masaaki Sakai	Shizuo Yamakawa	Red	19-23
31 December 1992	Hikari Ishida	Masaaki Sakai	Shizuo Yamakawa	White	20-23
31 December 1993	Hikari Ishida	Masaaki Sakai	Miyuki Morita	White	21-23
31 December 1994	Emiko Kaminuma	Ichiro Furutachi	Yasuo Miyakawa	Red	21-24
31 December 1995	Emiko Kaminuma	Ichiro Furutachi	Ryūji Miyamoto & Mitsuyo Kusano	White	22-24
31 December 1996	Takako Matsu	Ichiro Furutachi	Ryūji Miyamoto & Mitsuyo Kusano	White	23-24
31 December 1997	Akiko Wada	Masahiro Nakai	Ryūji Miyamoto	White	24-24
31 December 1998	Junko Kubo	Masahiro Nakai	Ryūji Miyamoto	Red	24-25
31 December 1999	Junko Kubo	Nakamura Kankurō V	Ryūji Miyamoto	White	25-25
31 December 2000	Junko Kubo	Motoya Izumi	Ryūji Miyamoto	Red	25-26
31 December 2001	Yumiko Udo	Wataru Abe	Tamio Miyake	White	26-26
31 December 2002	Yumiko Udo	Wataru Abe	Tamio Miyake	Red	26-27
31 December 2003	Yumiko Udo & Takako Zenba	Wataru Abe & Tetsuya Takayama	Tōko Takeuchi	White	27-27
31 December 2004	Fumie Ono	Wataru Abe	Masaaki Horio	Red	27-28
31 December 2005	Yukie Nakama	Koji Yamamoto	Mino Monta and Motoyo Yamane	White	28-28
31 December 2006	Yukie Nakama	Masahiro Nakai	Tamio Miyake & Megumi Kurosaki	White	29-28
31 December 2007	Masahiro Nakai	Shōfukutei Tsurube II	Kazuya Matsumoto & Miki Sumiyoshi	White	30-28
31 December 2008	Yukie Nakama	Masahiro Nakai	Kazuya Matsumoto	White	31-28
31 December 2009	Yukie Nakama	Masahiro Nakai	Wataru Abe	White	32-28
31 December 2010	Nao Matsushita	Arashi	Wataru Abe	White	33-28
31 December 2011	Mao Inoue	Arashi	Wataru Abe	Red	33-29
31 December 2012	Maki Horikita	Arashi	Yumiko Udo	White	34-29
31 December 2013	Haruka Ayase	Arashi	Yumiko Udo	White	35-29
31 December 2014	Yuriko Yoshitaka	Arashi	Yumiko Udo	White	36-29
31 December 2015	Haruka Ayase	Yoshihiko Inohara	Tetsuko Kuroyanagi	Red	36-30
31 December 2016	Kasumi Arimura	Masaki Aiba	Shinichi Takeda	Red	36-31
31 December 2017	Kasumi Arimura	Kazunari Ninomiya	Teruyoshi Uchimura & Maho Kuwako	White	37-31
31 December 2018	Suzu Hirose	Sho Sakurai	Teruyoshi Uchimura & Maho Kuwako	White	38-31
31 December 2019	Haruka Ayase	Sho Sakurai	Teruyoshi Uchimura & Mayuko Wakuda	White	39-31
31 December 2020	Fumi Nikaido	Yo Oizumi	Teruyoshi Uchimura & Maho Kuwako	Red	39-32
31 December 2021	Haruna Kawaguchi, Yo Oizumi, and Mayuko Wakuda	Red	39-33
31 December 2022	Kanna Hashimoto, Yo Oizumi, Sho Sakurai and Maho Kuwako	White	40-33
31 December 2023	Kanna Hashimoto, Hiroiki Ariyoshi, Minami Hamabe and Kozo Takase	Red	40-34
31 December 2024	Kanna Hashimoto, Hiroiki Ariyoshi, Sairi Ito and Naoko Suzuki	White	41-34
31 December 2025	Haruka Ayase, Hiroiki Ariyoshi, Mio Imada and Naoko Suzuki	White	42-34

Popularity

Kōhaku was once the most-watched show on Japanese television of the year. One major factor was that New Year's Eve in Japan is a holiday traditionally spent at home (see Ōmisoka). Over the years, the annual event's popularity has declined from an all-time high of an 81.4 rating in 1963 to a low of 30.6 in the Kantō region for the first part of the 2006 event. The 2021 Kōhaku program set a record low for the second portion of the show with a 34.3 viewership rating in the Kantō region. Despite the drop, Kōhaku is consistently the top-rated musical event each year.

Outside Japan, Taiwan also hosts a similar Kōhaku competition, Super Star (超級巨星紅白藝能大賞), which broadcasts on the eve of Chinese New Year. Similar to Kōhaku, the special is held at a live venue, Taipei Arena. Unlike Kōhaku, Super Star does not have gender-affiliated teams and the special is pre-recorded weeks before airing instead of being a live broadcast. The first special premiered on February 13, 2010, the eve of the 2010's Chinese New Year. The most recent special was set to be broadcast on February 9, 2024.

Notable participants

Japanese entertainers

The following is a list of acts with notable contributions to the Japanese entertainment industry, and have a minimum of five appearances on Kōhaku to their credit (appearance numbers in parentheses are as of the 73rd edition):

Pop, rock, and other contemporary

Ai Otsuka (大塚愛) (6)
Aiko (13)
AKB48 (13)
Akiko Wada (和田アキ子) (39)
Akina Nakamori (中森明菜) (7)
Akira Fuse (布施明) (25)
Angela Aki (安藝聖世美) (6)
Anri (杏里) (22)
Arashi (嵐) (12)
AAA (7)
Aya Matsuura (松浦亜弥) (5)1
Ayaka (絢香) (8)
Ayaka Hirahara (平原綾香) (8)
Ayumi Hamasaki (浜崎あゆみ) (15)
Ayumi Ishida (いしだあゆみ) (10)
Chemistry (5)
Chisato Moritaka (森高千里) (6)
Da Pump (6)
Daichi Miura (三浦大知) (4)
Dreams Come True (15)
E-girls (5)
Every Little Thing (8)
Exile (12)
Four Leaves (7)
Gackt (5)
Gen Hoshino (星野源) (8)
Goro Noguchi (野口五郎) (11)
Gospellers (6)
Hideaki Tokunaga (德永英明) (10)
Hideki Saijō (西城秀樹) (18)
Hikaru Genji (6)
Hinatazaka46 (日向坂46) (4)
Hiroko Moriguchi (森口博子) (6)
Hiromi Go (郷ひろみ) (31)
Hiromi Iwasaki (岩崎宏美) (14)
Hiromi Ōta (太田裕美) (5)
Ikimono-gakari (いきものがかり) (10)
Ikue Sakakibara (榊原郁恵) (6)
Izumi Yukihara (雪村いづみ) (10)
Junko Sakurada (桜田淳子) (9)
Junretsu (純烈) (6)
Kana Nishino (西野カナ) (9)
Kanjani Eight (関ジャニ∞) (11)
Ken Hirai (平井堅) (8)
Kenji Sawada (沢田研二) (17)
Keyakizaka46 (欅坂46) (4)
King & Prince (5)
Kobukuro (コブクロ) (7)
Kome Kome Club (米米CLUB) (5)
Kumi Koda (倖田來未) (8)
Kyōko Koizumi (小泉今日子) (5)
Kyū Sakamoto (坂本九) (11)
L'Arc-en-Ciel (5)
Linda Yamamoto (山本リンダ) (5)
Masaaki Sakai (堺正章) (6)
Masaharu Fukuyama (福山雅治) (15)
Masahiko Kondō (近藤真彦) (10)
Masashi Sada (さだまさし) (19)
Masayuki Suzuki (鈴木雅之) (6)
Mayumi Itsuwa (五輪真弓) (5)
MAX (5)
Mie Nakao (中尾ミエ) (8)
Miho Nakayama (中山美穂) (7)
Mika Nakashima (中島美嘉) (9)
Misia (8)
Mizue Takada (高田みづえ) (7)
Momoe Yamaguchi (山口百恵) (6)
Morning Musume (モーニング娘) (10)
Namie Amuro (安室奈美恵) (9)
Nana Mizuki (水樹奈々) (6)
Naoko Kawai (河合奈保子) (6)
Naoko Ken (研ナオコ) (11)
Naomi Sagara (佐良直美) (13)
Nogizaka46 (乃木坂46) (10)
Perfume (16)
Porno Graffitti (ポルノグラフィティ) (11)
Rumiko Koyanagi (小柳ルミ子) (18)
Ryōko Moriyama (森山良子) (10)
Sakurazaka46 (櫻坂46) (4)
Saori Minami (南沙織) (8)
Sandaime J Soul Brothers (7)
Seiko Matsuda (松田聖子) (22)
Sekai no Owari (6)
Sexy Zone (6)
Shinji Tanimura (谷村新司) (16)
Shizuka Kudo (工藤静香) (9)
Shonentai (8)
SMAP (23)
Speed (4)
Superfly (6)
T.M.Revolution (5)
Tokio (24)
Tomomi Kahara (華原朋美) (5)
Toshihiko Tahara (田原俊彦) (7)
W-inds (6)
X Japan (8)
Yo Hitoto (一青窈) (5)
Yōko Oginome (荻野目洋子) (5)
Yūzō Kayama (加山雄三) (17)
Yuzu (ゆず) (14)

Matsuura has also appeared with DEF.DIVA and GAM. However, NHK does not count those appearances towards her count.

Enka

Aki Yashiro (八代亜紀) (23)
Akira Kobayashi (小林旭) (7)
Aya Shimazu (島津亜矢) (5)
Ayako Fuji (藤あや子) (21)
Chiyoko Shimakura (島倉千代子) (35)
Frank Nagai (フランク永井) (26)
Fuyumi Sakamoto (坂本冬美) (35)
George Yamamoto (山本譲二) (11)
Harumi Miyako (都はるみ) (29)
Haruo Minami (三波春夫) (50)
Hibari Misora (美空ひばり) (18)
Hideo Murata (村田英雄) (27)
Hiromi Go (郷ひろみ) (36)
Hiroshi Itsuki (五木ひろし) (48)
Hiroshi Miyama (三山ひろし) (8)
Ichirō Toba (鳥羽一郎) (20)
Kaori Kozai (香西かおり) (19)
Kaori Mizumori (水森かおり) (21)
Keisuke Yamauchi (山内惠介) (9)
Keiko Fuji (藤圭子) (5)
Kenichi Mikawa (美川憲一) (26)
Kiyoko Suizenji (水前寺清子) (22)
Kiyoshi Hikawa (氷川きよし) (19)
Kiyoshi Maekawa (前川清) (18)
Masako Mori (森昌子) (15)
Masao Sen (千昌夫) (19)
Mina Aoe (青江三奈) (18)
Mitsuko Nakamura (中村美律子) (15)
Miyuki Kawanaka (川中美幸) (24)
Naomi Chiaki (ちあきなおみ) (9)
Natsuko Godai (伍代夏子) (22)
Rimi Natsukawa (夏川りみ) (6)
Ryoko Shinohara (篠原涼子) (2)
Saburō Kitajima (北島三郎) (50)
Sachiko Kobayashi (小林幸子) (33)
Saori Yuki and Sachiko Yasuda (11)1
Sayuri Ishikawa (石川さゆり) (45)
Shinichi Mori (森進一) (48)
Takao Horiuchi (堀内孝雄) (17)
Takashi Hosokawa (細川たかし) (39)
Yōko Nagayama (長山洋子) (14)
Yoshimi Tendo (天童よしみ) (28)
Yutaka Yamakawa (山川豊) (11)

Saori Yuki and Sachiko Yasuda are counted as a duet. Solo appearances by either of the two would not count towards the duet count.

Foreigners

Although Kōhaku is made up of mostly Japanese entertainers, foreign artists (artists who are not Japanese nationals) popular in Japan have competed in the program. Special appearances, supporting musicians or other methods of participation where the artist or group's performance was not accounted for in the overall scoring should not be added to this list. Below is a list of artists or groups who have done so, categorized based on the country of origin (Asian or non-Asian) the person or majority of the members in a group are from, along with the editions:

Asian

South Korea

BoA (53rd through 58th)
Cho Yong-Pil (38th through 41st)
Girls' Generation (62nd)
Ive (73rd)
Kara (62nd)
Kye Eun-sook (39th through 45th)
Lee Jung Hyun (55th)
Le Sserafim (73rd, 74th, and 75th)
Patti Kim (40th)
Ryu (55th)
SEVENTEEN (74th)
Stray Kids (74th)
TVXQ (59th, 60th, and 62nd)
Twice (68th, 69th, 70th, 73rd, and 75th)
Yonja Kim (40th, 45th, and 52nd)
NewJeans (74th)
MiSaMo (74th)
Tomorrow X Together (75th)
ILLIT (75th)

Taiwan

Vivian Hsu (49th)
Chiu Pin-han of AKB48 Team TP (70th)
Judy Ongg (30th and 31st)
Ouyang Feifei (23rd, 24th, and 42nd)
Teresa Teng (36th, 37th, and 42nd)

Philippines

Smokey Mountain (42nd)
Abby Trinidad of MNL48 (70th)
Gary Valenciano (41st)

Hong Kong

Agnes Chan (24th through 26th)
Alan Tam (40th)

Thailand

BNK48 (69th as a whole and 70th through Pimrapat "Mobile" Phadungwatanachok)
Sita Teeradechsakul of CGM48 (70th)

China

Liu Nian of AKB48 Team SH (70th)
Twelve Girls Band (54th)

Other

Khushi "Glory" Dua of DEL48 (India, 70th)
JKT48 (Indonesia, 62nd as a whole and 70th through Shani Indira Natio)
Dick Lee, Lim Hyung-joo, Xu Ke, and Amin (Singapore, South Korea, and China respectively, 56th)
Oyunaa (Mongolia, 41st)
Trần Cát Tường ("Anna") of SGO48 (Vietnam, 70th)

Non-Asian

United States

Leah Dizon (58th)
Chris Hart (64th and 65th)
Jero (59th and 60th)
Cyndi Lauper (41st)
Agnes Lum (28th)
John Ken Nuzzo (53rd and 55th)
James Shigeta (8th and 9th)
Paul Simon (41st)
The Ventures (42nd)
Alyson Williams (41st)
Andy Williams (42nd)

Other

Sarah Brightman (United Kingdom, 42nd and 69th)
Alfredo Casero (Argentina, 53rd)
Alexander Gradsky (Russia, 41st)
Márcia (Brazil, 41st)
Laima Vaikule (Latvia, 42nd)
Rosanna Zambon (Italy, 21st and 22nd)

References

Smith, Alyssa I.. (November 16, 2017). "Twice and Daichi Miura among 10 debuts at this year's 'Kohaku'". [[The Japan Times]].
(January 2, 2016). "NHK sees ratings for 'Kohaku' music show sink to lowest ever". The Japan Times.
"みんなのベスト紅白みなさんの心に残る"ベスト紅白"ソングをキャンペーンと連動してお届け！".
"SONGS".
"3月13日放送NHK総合「SONGS」、放送100年記念した特別企画「みんなのベスト紅白SP」オンエア。中島みゆき、LADY GAGA、郷ひろみ、南こうせつ、THE ALFEEがコメント出演。サザンオールスターズが手掛けたテーマ・ソングも".
(4 March 2025). "NHK『SONGS みんなのベスト紅白SP』3・13に放送中島みゆき、レディー・ガガがコメント出演サザンのテーマソング×特別映像など充実".
"『第73回NHK紅白歌合戦』司会に大泉洋&橋本環奈&櫻井翔&桑子真帆アナ今年のテーマも発表【司会コメントあり】".
"NHK総合「紅白歌合戦」世帯視聴率". Video Research Ltd.
(2 January 2022). "Ratings for NHK's year-end "Kohaku" music show hit record low". Kyodo News.
"視聴率データ｜ビデオリサーチ". videor.co.jp.
葉文正、張瑞振. (2009-10-28). "張小燕哈林彈開9年再合體". [[蘋果日報 (台灣)]].
"【紅白】出場歌手決定初出場はNiziU、ストスノ、瑛人 GReeeeNは特別企画".
link. 昭和の芸能人情報館

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