Kjárr

Origin

In his Skáldskaparmál, Snorri Sturluson lists Kjárr as a descendant of Auði, the founder of the Ödling dynasty:

In the genealogy section of Hversu Noregr byggðist, further information is provided about Auði and Kjarr. It presents Auði as the grandfather of Kjarr and as an early ruler of the Celtic/Romance southerners:

Kjárr and his daughter Ölrún also appear in the Völundarkviða, where she is a Valkyrie who marries the master archer Egil, the brother of Wayland the Smith:

There are two other references which both place Kjarr far back in time as a contemporary of the Huns during the Age of Migrations. One of these is a poem in the Poetic Edda named Atlakviða:

The second reference is in the Hervarar saga which contains a reference to Kíarr in a poem in fornyrðislag which lists the great kings of old:

The few appearances of Kjárr stand out from the general lack of references to the Romans in the literary sources of the Germanic peoples before the arrival of Christianity.

Etymology

Many scholars have suggested that the name is derived from Caesar, but the route it took to Scandinavia is not clear. It may have been transmitted through a West Germanic language, but since Scandinavia and the Goths had close connections, it may also have been borrowed from the Gothic language and ultimately from Greek. The evolution of the name would have been καισαρ → kaisar → *kēsar → Kíarr → Kiárr. A third possibility is that it originates from contacts with Rome beside the probably early borrowing Rúm in words such as Rúmverjar ("Roman soldiers").

A less common theory is that it stems from Old Irish Kíarr or from Cearbhall of Valland (Wales).

References

References

1. 0-521-82992-5. pp. 14-25.
2. [http://www.carlaz.com/phd/cea_phd_chap2.pdf Anderson, Carl Edlund. (1999). ''Formation and Resolution of Ideological Contrast in the Early History of Scandinavia''. Ph.D. thesis, University of Cambridge, Department of Anglo-Saxon, Norse & Celtic (Faculty of English). p. 44.] {{webarchive. link. (2007-03-07)
3. [https://runeberg.org/svetym/1174.html The entry ''Valnöt'' in ''Svensk etymologisk ordbok'' by Elof Hellquist (1922).]
4. [https://www.heimskringla.no/wiki/Skáldskaparmál ''Skáldskaparmál'', at Norrøne Tekster og Kvad, Norway.]
5. [https://www.sacred-texts.com/neu/pre/pre05.htm ''Skáldskaparmál''], in translation by [[Arthur Gilchrist Brodeur]] (1916).
6. [http://wayback.vefsafn.is/wayback/20070508145122/http://www.heimskringla.no/original/flateyjarbok/aettartolur.php ''Ættartölur'', a section of ''Flateyjarbók'' at «Norrøne Tekster og Kvad», Norway.]
7. Translation provided by Wikipedia editors.
8. [http://www.heimskringla.no/original/edda/volundarkvida.php ''Völundarkviða'' at «Norrøne Tekster og Kvad», Norway.] {{webarchive. link. (2007-05-08)
9. [https://www.sacred-texts.com/neu/poe/poe17.htm Henry A. Bellows' translation of ''The Lay of Völund''.]
10. [http://www.heimskringla.no/original/edda/atlakvida.php ''Atlakviða'', at «Norrøne Tekster og Kvad», Norway.] {{webarchive. link. (2007-05-08)
11. [http://www.angelfire.com/on/Wodensharrow/atlakvidha.html ''The Lay of Atli'' Translated by William Morris and Eirikr Magnusson.] {{webarchive. link. (2005-05-27)
12. "The Poem Heiðr 89 at the database "Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages".".
13. "Tunstall's English translation of the Hervarar saga, at Northvegr.".
14. [http://www.carlaz.com/phd/cea_phd_chap2.pdf Anderson, Carl Edlund. (1999). ''Formation and Resolution of Ideological Contrast in the Early History of Scandinavia''. Ph.D. thesis, University of Cambridge, Department of Anglo-Saxon, Norse & Celtic (Faculty of English). p. 45.] {{webarchive. link. (2007-03-07)