Hohenpeißenberg

Geography

The highest point is the peak of the 988 meter high Hoher Peißenberg (high Peißenberg).

Because of the panoramic view from it, it is also called the Bavarian Mount Parnassus or the Bavarian Mount Rigi. It is regarded as the most beautiful panoramic mountain of Bavaria and it is also a favoured destination for excursions.

Formerly it was referred to as the Mount Doctus, due to the scholarliness of the meteorological research taking place at its peak.

The largest part of the areas population is found on the south side of the mountain, a smaller part on the west side (districts of Hetten and Buchschorn); a yet smaller part of the population is found on the north and the east side.

The region is situated on the left bank of the Ammer. The Ammer flows south of the local center in a small ravine called the "Schnalz".

Climate

The climate is oceanic (Köppen: Cfb; Trewartha: Dclo), affected by altitude and proximity to the Alps (especially in precipitation). Registering data continuously since 1781, the Hohenpeißenberg Observatory is the oldest in the world located on a mountain. The station located in the alpine foothills integrates the German Meteorological Network and served for the program Global Atmospheric Watch program (GAW).

The Hohenpeißenberg weather station has recorded the following extreme values:

• Its highest temperature was 33.8 C on 29 July 1947.
• Its lowest temperature was -29.1 C on 11 February 1929.
• Its greatest annual precipitation was 1572.4 mm in 1939.
• Its least annual precipitation was 779.8 mm in 1943.
• The longest annual sunshine was 2,266.4 hours in 2022.
• The shortest annual sunshine was 1,548.2 hours in 1987.

|Jan record high C = 18.1 |Feb record high C = 19.7 |Mar record high C = 23.6 |Apr record high C = 29.4 |May record high C = 29.0 |Jun record high C = 31.8 |Jul record high C = 33.8 |Aug record high C = 33.1 |Sep record high C = 29.6 |Oct record high C = 26.9 |Nov record high C = 22.3 |Dec record high C = 18.6 |year record high C = 33.8 |Jan avg record high C = 11.8 |Feb avg record high C = 13.0 |Mar avg record high C = 17.0 |Apr avg record high C = 21.4 |May avg record high C = 24.6 |Jun avg record high C = 27.3 |Jul avg record high C = 28.6 |Aug avg record high C = 28.0 |Sep avg record high C = 23.8 |Oct avg record high C = 21.1 |Nov avg record high C = 17.4 |Dec avg record high C = 12.6 |year avg record high C = 29.6 |Jan avg record low C = -11.2 |Feb avg record low C = -10.3 |Mar avg record low C = -7.1 |Apr avg record low C = -3.6 |May avg record low C = 1.1 |Jun avg record low C = 4.6 |Jul avg record low C = 7.4 |Aug avg record low C = 7.1 |Sep avg record low C = 3.3 |Oct avg record low C = -1.5 |Nov avg record low C = -5.9 |Dec avg record low C = -10.1 |year avg record low C = -13.7 |Jan record low C = -26.3 |Feb record low C = -29.1 |Mar record low C = -18.8 |Apr record low C = -11.0 |May record low C = -6.6 |Jun record low C = -1.1 |Jul record low C = -0.8 |Aug record low C = 0.2 |Sep record low C = -3.5 |Oct record low C = -10.8 |Nov record low C = -14.9 |Dec record low C = -21.1 |year record low C = -29.1 |Jan snow depth cm = 29.7 |Feb snow depth cm = 34.7 |Mar snow depth cm = 29.0 |Apr snow depth cm = 12.4 |May snow depth cm = 0.6 |Jun snow depth cm = 0 |Jul snow depth cm = 0 |Aug snow depth cm = 0 |Sep snow depth cm = 0.6 |Oct snow depth cm = 6.2 |Nov snow depth cm = 16.3 |Dec snow depth cm = 23.3 |year snow depth cm = 45.9 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20231012155832/https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Germany/CSV/Hohenpeissenberg_10962.csv |archive-date = 12 October 2023 |access-date = 12 October 2023}}{{cite web |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201028083232/ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_VI/DL/10962.TXT |archive-date = 2020-10-28 |url-status = dead |access-date = 18 November 2023}}{{cite web |access-date = 21 October 2024}}

Local History

In 1514 a chapel was built on the Hohen Peißenberg. A carved image of the Mother of God was brought there from the castle chapel in Schongau. The figure soon became renowned as being a figure of mercy and pilgrimage to it began. Because of this, a second church, the Pilgrims church, was added to the chapel. Thus the two churches we know today came to be.

The chapel lies west of the church tower, the pilgrims church lies east. The ensemble lends the peak its unique silhouette.

From 1604 until the secularization in 1803, the augustinian canons regulars in charge of the cloister Rottenbuch also supervised the pilgrimage to the Hohen Peißenberg. The large ceiling fresco by Matthäus Günther inside the chapel of Mercy also depicts the committal of the pilgrimage site to the cloister Rottenbuch.

It was the Augustinian monks who also carried out the first meteorological observations on the site and these have been carried out continuously since 1781, making Hohenpeißenberg Meteorological Observatory the oldest meteorological station in the world. Following the secularization, it was initially the priests and the school teachers who carried on recording and observing meteorological conditions; after World War II the German Meteorological Service took over this duty.

The monks also ran a school on the mountain. The Volksschule was founded by the Augustinian regular Primus Koch (1752-1812) and in April 1802 it first opened its doors to students.

In lieu of the bavarian administrative reform, the community edict gave rise to the local centres as we now know them. Formerly, the district belonged to Peiting. Hohenpeißenberg belonged to the reformation of Munich and to the district of Schongau which in turn is part of the electorate of Bavaria.

The first building section of the former school was built after the monks time there from 1882 until 1883.

Mining

The discovery of pitch coal as the 1600s gave rise to mining activity in the area, mostly on a small scale. State-owned mining began on May 8, 1837 with the inset of the so-called Hauptstollen (main adit) in the area of Brandach, whereby the initial sinking of the Unterbauschacht (Unterbau shaft) took place from the first of July 1889 onwards. A 3.6-kilometer-long cable car, operating from 1898 to 1928, transported coal from the coal washing plant to the Tiefstollen (deep adit) in Peißenberg.

Old adits exist in the region, the Hauptstollen is open to guided tours several times a year. The air shaft at the Hohenpeißenberg train station was sunk from 1937 to 1939. From mid-October 1960 onwards it was the deepest shaft in Bavaria, measuring a depth of 1150 meters. There was also an air shaft in the district of Klausen. Mining in the Peißenberg basin discontinued first in Peiting (in 1968) and in 1971 in Peißenberg. The closure of the Peißenberg pit also marked the end of mining activities in the area.

Until 1972, the border of the administrative districts Schongau and Weilheims ran through the village. Now Hohenpeißenberg is the local center of the new administrative district of Weilheim-Schongau. In 1978 a large part of the former community of Ammerhöfe was added to the area of Hohenpeißenberg, because of the restructuring of the administrative district of Weilheim-Schongau of April 12, 1976.

Transport

The municipality has a railway station, , on the Schongau–Peißenberg line.

Personalities

• Matthäus Günther (1705-1788), important painter of the Rococo; he painted the frescoes in the Gnadenkapelle
• Karl Wilhelm Diefenbach (1851-1913), painter and life-reformer
• Adolf Galland (1912-1996), Luftwaffe general and flying ace, imprisoned here (Aug 1945) after May surrender
• Maximilian Nagl (born 1987), motocross rider

References

References

1. [https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.
2. "Hohenpeissenberg, Germany Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)".
3. "Wetter und Klima - Deutscher Wetterdienst - Observatory Hohenpeissenberg".
4. Hubert Assum, Lepold Mühlegger, Max Biller: ''Schulgeschichte.'' In: Max Biller: ''Hohenpeißenberger Heimat-Lexikon'', page 468
5. Hubert Assum, Lepold Mühlegger, Max Biller: ''Schulgeschichte.'' In: Max Biller: ''Hohenpeißenberger Heimat-Lexikon'', page 471
6. Max Biller, Ludwig Stippel: ''Bergbau und Bergbau-Museum am Hohen Peißenberg'', 3. erweiterte Auflage von 2006, page 28
7. Werksinformation für die Belegschaft des Kohlenbergwerks Peißenberg, Nummer 1, Januar 1961, page 6
8. Max Biller, Ludwig Stippel: ''Bergbau und Bergbau-Museum am Hohen Peißenberg'', 3. erweiterte Auflage von 2006, page 33
9. Max Biller: ''Gemeindegebiet/Gemeindegebietsreform.'' In: Max Biller: ''Hohenpeißenberger Heimat-Lexikon'', page 219
10. 'Weilheimer Tagblatt' ', July 6, 2011, page 1 and page 12 local part