Henry B. González

Early life

González was born in San Antonio, Texas, the son of Mexican-born parents Genoveva (née Barbosa) and Leonides Gonzalez (from Mapimí, Durango), who had immigrated during the Mexican Revolution. After he received an associate's degree from San Antonio College, he earned his undergraduate credentials from the University of Texas at Austin. Later, he received a Juris Doctor from St. Mary's University School of Law, also in San Antonio. Upon graduation, he became a probation officer, and was quickly promoted to the chief office of Bexar County, Texas. In 1945 he quit after a judge refused to allow him to add an African-American probation officer to his staff. In 1950 he was scoutmaster of Troop 90 in San Antonio, of which his son was a member.

Career in local and state politics

González served on the San Antonio City Council from 1953 to 1956. As a city councilmember, González helped desegregate swimming pools and other public accommodations in San Antonio.

In 1956 González defeated Republican candidate Jesse Oppenheimer for a seat in the Texas Senate. In 1960 he defeated another Republican, Ika "Ike" Simpson Kampmann, Jr. (1918-2006), to hold his state Senate seat. He remained in the Senate until 1961 and set the filibuster record in the chamber at the time by speaking for thirty-six straight with the help of fellow state senator Abraham Kazen hours against a set of bills on segregation. Most of the bills were abandoned (eight out of ten).

He ran for governor in 1958 and finished second in the Democratic primary (the real contest for governor in what was then a solidly Democratic state) to Price Daniel. In May 1961 González ran in the special election for the Senate seat that Lyndon B. Johnson vacated to become U.S. Vice President. He finished in sixth place in part because he split the liberal and Hispanic vote with Maury Maverick, Jr., of San Antonio.

House of Representatives

In September 1961 President Kennedy appointed Rep. Paul J. Kilday of Texas's 20th congressional district to the Court of Military Appeals. González entered the special election for the San Antonio-based district in November 1961 and defeated a strong Republican candidate, attorney John W. Goode, whom former U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower flew to San Antonio to endorse. He was unopposed for a full term in 1962 and was reelected seventeen times thereafter. He never faced truly serious or well-funded opposition, having been unopposed in 1970, 1974, 1976, 1978, 1982, and 1984. In fact, the 20th district was (and remains) so heavily Democratic that González faced Republican opposition only five times and handily prevailed whenever challenged.

González became known for his staunchly liberal views. In 1963, Republican U.S. Representative Ed Foreman called González "a communist" and "a pinko" and González confronted him. González was again referred to as "a communist" in 1986 by a man at Earl Abel's restaurant, a popular San Antonio eatery. The 70-year-old representative responded by punching him in the face. González was acquitted of assault for this incident when the restaurant patron dropped the charge.

Unlike many southern politicians at the time, González vocally supported civil rights proposals. He voted in favor of the Civil Rights Acts of 1964 and 1968, and the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

González was in President Kennedy's fateful motorcade through Dallas on November 22, 1963. He recalled rolling down the window as his car neared the Texas School Book Depository, then hearing three distinct shots during the assassination. González's car proceeded to Parkland Memorial Hospital where, upon seeing a blood-soaked bouquet of roses in the rear of the presidential limousine, he initially believed Jackie Kennedy had been shot. There, he saw Lyndon Johnson, Lady Bird Johnson, Mrs. Kennedy, and President Kennedy's sheet covered body. González helped place Kennedy's casket in the hearse that transported Kennedy to Air Force One.

Reported to be unsettled by the effect that the assassinations of John F. Kennedy, Robert F. Kennedy, and Martin Luther King Jr. had on the nation, González pushed in 1975 for a House committee study. In 1976 the United States House Select Committee on Assassinations (HSCA) was created to investigate the deaths of President Kennedy and King, and González succeeded Thomas N. Downing as its chairman in January 1977. After a power struggle with the HSCA's counsel, he resigned as the committee's chairman that same year. Shortly before González chaired the HSCA, Robert P. Gemberling, head of the FBI's investigation of the Kennedy assassination for thirteen years after the release of the Warren Commission's report, said González, as well as Downing, had "preconceived conspiracy theories". According to a 1992 report, González did not rule out the possibility of shots other than the three he heard were fired from a silencer.

Following the United States invasion of Grenada in 1983, González suggested the impeachment of President Ronald Reagan, and he introduced articles of impeachment related to the Iran–Contra scandal and sent them to the House Judiciary Committee in 1987. No further action was taken on said articles. H.Res.111 - A resolution impeaching Ronald W. Reagan, President of the United States, of high crimes and misdemeanors. González later called for the impeachment of President George H. W. Bush for not obtaining Congressional approval before the 1991 Gulf War. Early in the presidency of Bill Clinton, González also blocked hearings into the Whitewater controversy until finally agreeing to hold hearings in 1994. González was an outspoken critic of the Federal Reserve System, and proposed an audit and introduced bills to impeach Paul Volcker and other Governors of the Federal Reserve.

Retirement

In 1997 González fell ill and was unable to return to the House for over a year. Finally, he decided not to run for a 19th full term in 1998. He died in a San Antonio hospital on November 28, 2000.

He had long groomed his son, Charlie, to succeed him. Charlie Gonzalez won easily in 1998 and served through January 2013; between them, father and son served 51 consecutive years in Congress.

Legacy

• National Taco Day is celebrated on González's Birthday, May 3, as a way to celebrate his achievements in Congress.
• On October 24, 2006, it was announced that González's personal notes, correspondence and mementos would become part of the Congressional History Collection at the University of Texas at Austin's Center for American History.
• The Henry B. González Convention Center in San Antonio is named for him.
• There are Henry B. González elementary schools in Edgewood Independent School District, Eagle Pass Independent School District, La Joya Independent School District, and Dallas Independent School District.
• On May 1, 2016, two days before González's 100th birthday, the San Antonio Express-News ran a series of articles reminiscing on his career and legacy.

Notes

References

References

1. May 3, 1916 – November 28, 2000) was an American [[Democratic Party (United States)
2. "GovInfo".
3. "Charlie Gonzalez ancestry".
4. [http://history.house.gov/People/Detail/13906 Henry Gonzalez], ''[[United States House of Representatives. House of Representatives]] History''. Retrieved July 1, 2018.
5. "San Antonio, Troop 90".
6. (June 30, 2010). ["2010 Hispanic Leadership Awards"](<!--).
7. Gonzalez, John W.. (March 19, 2015). "Henry B. Gonzalez: Always the fighter". San Antonio Express-News.
8. Kohout, Martin Donell. "González, Henry Barbosa (1916–2000)".
9. "Bexar County Republican History". bexargop.org.
10. "Hispanic Americans in Congress -- González".
11. Phillips, Camille. (May 11, 2023). "Texas almost approved a school voucher program in the 1950s – to avoid desegregation.".
12. Mexican film star [[Cantinflas]] appeared with Vice President Johnson at [[shopping center]]s and [[supermarket]]s in San Antonio to support González, who would never face another contest nearly that close.Gilbert Garcia, "Castro unlike O'Rourke has much to lose", ''San Antonio Express-News'', March 31, 2017, p. A2.
13. Gonzalez, John W.. (May 1, 2016). "Centennial tributes set for Henry B. Gonzalez". [[San Antonio Express-News]].
14. "H.R. 7152. PASSAGE.".
15. "TO PASS H.R. 2516, A BILL TO ESTABLISH PENALTIES FOR INTERFERENCE WITH CIVIL RIGHTS. INTERFERENCE WITH A PERSON ENGAGED IN ONE OF THE 8 ACTIVITIES PROTECTED UNDER THIS BILL MUST BE RACIALLY MOTIVATED TO INCUR THE BILL'S PENALTIES.".
16. "TO PASS H.R. 6400, THE 1965 VOTING RIGHTS ACT.".
17. Mittelstadt, Michelle. (January 26, 1992). "Assassination questions: Texas congressman in JFK's motorcade wants records opened". The Victoria Advocate.
18. (December 22, 1976). "Chief of Kennedy Probe Convinced No Conspiracy". The Middlesboro Daily News.
19. Danini, Carmina. (November 29, 2000). "Henry B. dies". San Antonio Express-News.
20. (March 6, 1987). "Texan acts for impeachment". The New York Times.
21. ''See'' [https://www.congress.gov/bill/102nd-congress/house-resolution/34 H.Res. 34] and [https://www.congress.gov/bill/102nd-congress/house-resolution/86 H.Res. 86] of the [[102nd United States Congress. 102nd Congress]].
22. Wines, Michael. (March 24, 1994). "A Populist From Texas Who Bows to No One". The New York Times.
23. Rosenbaum, David E.. (July 27, 1994). "As So Often in the Past, A Sideshow in the Offing". The New York Times.
24. Federal Reserve Audit and Accountability Act, introduced as H.R.1160 in the [[105th United States Congress
25. (November 26, 2008). "Henry B. Gonzalez: Early Life and Entry into Politics". Briscoe Center for American History, University of Texas at Austin.
26. Carmina Danini. (January 18, 2017). "Henry B. Gonzalez's widow dies at 99". San Antonio Express-News.
27. (1968). "Congressional Record: Proceedings and Debates of the ... Congress".
28. "History". Henry B. González Convention Center.