From Surf Wiki (app.surf) — the open knowledge base

Gradenigo's syndrome

Field	Value
name	Gradenigo's syndrome
image	File:Apicitis petrosa 85jm - CT axial KF 3 Schichten - 001 - Annotation.jpg
caption	Apicitis petrosa as seen in computed tomography

Gradenigo's syndrome, also called Gradenigo-Lannois syndrome, is a complication of otitis media and mastoiditis involving the apex of the petrous temporal bone. It was first described by Giuseppe Gradenigo in 1904.

Symptoms

Components of the syndrome include:

retroorbital pain due to pain in the area supplied by the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve (fifth cranial nerve),
abducens nerve palsy (sixth cranial nerve)
otitis media Other symptoms can include photophobia, excessive lacrimation, fever, and reduced corneal sensitivity. The syndrome is classically caused by the spread of an infection into the petrous apex of the temporal bone.

Diagnosis

The constellation of symptoms was first described as a consequence of severe, advanced ear infection which has spread to a central portion of the temporal bone of the skull. This type of presentation was common prior to development of antibiotic treatments, and is now a rare complication.

In persons with longstanding ear infection and typical symptoms, medical imaging such as CT or MRI of the head may show changes that confirm disease involvement of the petrous apex of temporal bone.

Treatment

The medical treatment is done with antibiotics: ceftriaxone plus metronidazole (which covers anaerobic bacteria). Depending on the duration of the infection, the severity, and which complications have arisen, it may also be necessary to perform surgery. Due to critical structures that block surgical access, it is not possible to completely remove the petrous apex. The focus is therefore on providing adequate drainage of the affected air cells.

Eponym

It is named after Count Giuseppe Gradenigo, an Italian Otolaryngologist, and Maurice Lannois.

References

(April 1966). "[Some cases of Gradenigo-Lannois syndrome]". Journal de Médecine de Lyon.
(November 1980). "[Cranial osteitis: a report on four cases, including a Gradenigo-Lannois syndrome (author's transl)]". Journal de Radiologie.
(February 2011). "Gradenigo's Syndrome: Beyond the Classical Triad of Diplopia, Facial Pain and Otorrhea". Case Reports in Neurology.
(September 2000). "Gradenigo's syndrome". Postgraduate Medical Journal.
"Cummings Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery".
{{WhoNamedIt. synd. 738

Info: Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

diseases-of-middle-ear-and-mastoid syndromes medical-triads syndromes-affecting-the-nervous-system

Want to explore this topic further?

Ask Mako anything about Gradenigo's syndrome — get instant answers, deeper analysis, and related topics.

Research with Mako

Free with your Surf account

Content sourced from Wikipedia, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This content may have been generated or modified by AI. CloudSurf Software LLC is not responsible for the accuracy, completeness, or reliability of AI-generated content. Always verify important information from primary sources.

Report