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Gävle goat

Straw Christmas goat in Gävle, Sweden

The Gävle Goat (, ) is a traditional Christmas display erected annually at Slottstorget (Castle Square) in central Gävle, Sweden. The display is a giant version of a traditional Swedish Yule goat figure made of straw. It is erected each year by local community groups at the beginning of Advent over a period of two days.

The Gävle Goat has been the subject of repeated arson attacks; despite security measures and a nearby fire station, the goat has been burned to the ground most years since its first appearance in 1966. 43 out of 60 goats have been destroyed or damaged in some way. Burning or otherwise destroying the goat is illegal, and the Svea Court of Appeal has said that the offence normally carries a 3-month prison sentence.

Since 1986, two separate Yule goats have been built in Gävle: the Gävle Goat by the Southern Merchants and the Yule Goat built by the Natural Science Club of the School of Vasa.

History

The Gävle goat after being burned down during a blizzard in 1998

The Gävle Goat is erected every year on the first day of Advent, which according to Western Christian tradition is in late November or early December, depending on the calendar year. In 1966, an advertising consultant, Stig Gavlén (1927–2018), came up with the idea of making a giant version of the traditional Swedish Yule goat and placing it in the square. The design of the first goat was assigned to the then chief of the Gävle fire department, Gavlén's brother Jörgen Gavlén. The construction of the goat was carried out by the fire department, and they erected the goat each year from 1966 to 1970 and from 1986 to 2002. The first goat was financed by Harry Ström. On 1 December 1966, a 13 m tall, 7 m long, 3-tonne goat was erected in the square. On New Year's Eve, the goat was burnt down, and the perpetrator was found and convicted of vandalism. The goat was insured, and Ström got all of his money back.

A group of businessmen known as the Southern Merchants (Söders köpmän) financed the building of the goat in subsequent years. In 1971, the Southern Merchants stopped building the goats. The Natural Science Club (Naturvetenskapliga föreningen) of the School of Vasa (Vasaskolan) began building the structure. Their goat was around 2 m. Due to the positive reaction their Yule Goat received that year, they built another one the following year and from then on. The Southern Merchants began building their own goats again in 1986.

The cost for the 1966 goat was 10,000 Swedish kronor (SEK) (). The price tag for constructing the goat in 2005 was around SEK100,000. The city pays one-third of the cost while the Southern Merchants pay the remaining sum.

Repeated destruction by fire

The display has become notable for being a recurring target for vandalism by arson, and has been destroyed many times since the first goat was erected in 1966. Because the fire station is close to the location of the goat, most of the time the fire can be extinguished before the wooden skeleton is severely damaged. If the goat is burned down before Saint Lucia Day on 13 December, the goat is rebuilt. Its skeleton is then treated and repaired, and the goat reconstructed over it, using straw which the Goat Committee has pre-ordered. four people had been caught or convicted for vandalizing the goat. In 2001, the goat was burned down by a 51-year-old American visitor from Cleveland, Ohio, who spent 18 days in jail and was subsequently convicted and ordered to pay SEK100,000 (US$; ) in damages. The court confiscated his cigarette lighter with the argument that he was not able to handle it. He stated in court that he was no "goat burner", and believed that he was taking part in a completely legal goat-burning tradition. After he was released from jail he returned to the US without paying his fine.

In 1996, the Southern Merchants introduced camera surveillance to monitor the goat 24 hours a day. On 27November 2004, the Gävle Goat's homepage was hacked, and one of the two official webcams changed. In 2003, while security guards were posted around the goat in order to prevent vandalism, the temperature dropped far below freezing. As the guards sheltered in a nearby restaurant to escape the cold, the goat was burned.

During the weekend of 3–4December 2005, a series of attacks on public Yule Goats across Sweden were carried out; the Gävle Goat was burnt on 3December. The Visby goat on Gotland burned down, the Yule Goat in Söderköping, Östergötland was torched, and there was an attack on a goat located in Lycksele, Västerbotten.

The Christmas season of 2006 marked the 40th anniversary of the Gävle Goat, and the city held a large celebration in honor of the goat on 3 December. The Goat Committee fireproofed the goat with "Fiber ProTector Fireproof", a fireproofing substance used in airplanes. In earlier years, when the goat had been fireproofed, the dew had made the liquid drip off the goat. To prevent this from happening, "Fireproof ProTechtor Solvent Base" was applied to the goat.

Despite their efforts, the goat has been damaged or destroyed a total of 43 times. On 27November 2016, an arsonist equipped with petrol burned it down just hours after its inauguration. After a few flame-free years under 24-hour security, the goat was again burned on 17 December 2021. In 2023, it was severely pecked at for grain by jackdaws, due to the straw used to construct the goat containing higher than usual amounts of seeds. In 2025, it was blown over by strong winds from Storm Johannes.

In the years it has been allowed to stand throughout Christmas, the goat has been disassembled a few days before or after New Year's Day, with the straw discarded and the frame structure stored for next year.

Natural Science Club's Yule Goat

The burned Natural Science Club Goat in 2006, with the larger Gävle goat visible in the distance

Since 1986, there have been two Yule Goats built in Gävle: the Gävle Goat by the Southern Merchants and the Yule Goat built by the Natural Science Club of the School of Vasa. Until 1985 the Southern Merchants held the world record for the largest Yule Goat, but over the years the Natural Science Club's goat increased in size, and in 1985 their Yule Goat made it into the Guinness Book of Records with an official height of 12.5 m. The creator of the original 1966 goat, Stig Gavlén, thought that the Natural Science Club's goat had unfairly won the title of the largest Yule Goat because the goat was not as attractive as the Southern Merchants' goat and the neck was excessively long.

The next year there was a Goat war: the Southern Merchants understood the publicity value, and erected a huge goat; the Natural Science Club erected a smaller one in protest. The Southern Merchants had intended that their huge goat would reclaim the world record, but the measurement of the goat showed it fell short. Over the following seven years there were no further attempts on the world record, but there was some hostility between the Natural Science Club and the Southern Merchants, evidenced by the fact that the Natural Science Club put up a sign near their goat wishing a Merry Christmas to everyone, except the Southern Merchants.

In 1993, the Southern Merchants again announced that they were going to attempt the world record. The goat stood 10.5 m when completed. The Natural Science Club's Yule Goat that year measured 14.9 m, which earned them another place in the Guinness Book of Records.

Timeline

1966–1969

Year	Security additions	Date of destruction	Method of destruction	Notes	1966	1967	1968	1969
	Survived}}
Fence added.	Survived}}
Inside of goat protected by chicken-wire netting.

1970–1979

Year	Method of destruction	Notes	1970	1971	1972	1973	1974
	The goat's destruction was blamed on two drunk teenagers. With help from several financial contributors, the goat was reassembled out of lake reed.
	date=4 December 2005	title=Santa torched the giant goat!	url=http://www.sploid.com/news/2005/12/santa_torched_t.php	url-status=dead	archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061117124224/http://www.sploid.com/news/2005/12/santa_torched_t.php	archive-date=17 November 2006	work=Sploid}}
	The goat was stolen by a man, who then placed it in his backyard. He was later sentenced to two years in prison for aggravated theft.
	The goat collapsed under its own weight.
	This year's goat was smaller than the previous ones. A student rammed the hind legs of the goat with a Volvo Amazon, collapsing the structure.
After the first goat was burned, a second was fireproofed.	The goat was burned down before construction even finished. A second goat was constructed and finished, but was later destroyed and broken into pieces.

1980–1989

Year	Security additions	Date of destruction	Method of destruction
	Survived}}
Enclosed by a 2 m metal fence, guarded by Securitas and soldiers from the Gävle I 14 Infantry Regiment.			The 12.5 metre goat of the Natural Science Club was featured in the Guinness Book of Records for the first time.
			The Southern Merchants built their first goat since 1971, and it was burned. From 1986 onwards two goats were built each year, one by the Southern Merchants' and one by the School of Vasa.
Heavily fireproofed.
	Survived}}	Gamblers were for the first time able to gamble on the fate of the goat with English bookmakers.
			Financial contributions from the public were raised to rebuild a goat, and the second goat was burnt down in January. In March 1990 another goat was built, this time for the shooting of a Swedish motion picture called Black Jack.

1990–1999

Year	Security additions	Date of destruction	Method of destruction
The goat was guarded by many volunteers.	Survived}}
			The goat was joined by an advertising sled; that turned out to be illegally built. It was later rebuilt to be taken to Stockholm as a part of a protest campaign against the closing of the I 14 Infantry Regiment.
			Both the Natural Science Club and Southern Merchants' goats burned down on the same night. The latter was rebuilt, and burned down on 20December. The perpetrator of the three attacks was caught and sent to jail. The Goat Committee was founded in 1992.
Guarded by taxis and the Swedish Home Guard	Survived}}	Once more the goat was featured in the Guinness Book of Records, the School of Vasa's goat measured 14.9 m.
	Survived}}	The goat followed the Swedish national hockey team to Italy for the World Championship in hockey.
			A Norwegian was arrested for attempting to burn down the goat. It was rebuilt for the 550th anniversary of Gävleborg County.
Monitored by webcams.	Survived}}
	Survived with damage}}	Damaged by fireworks. The Natural Science Club's goat was attacked too, but survived with minor damage.
			Burned down during a major blizzard, and was rebuilt.
			The Southern Merchants' goat was rebuilt again before Lucia. The Natural Science Club's goat was also burnt down.

2000–2009

Year	Security additions	Date of destruction	Method of destruction	Notes	2000	2001	2002
			In addition to the Southern Merchants' goat being burned, the Natural Science Club's goat was thrown into the Gävle river.
			A visitor from Cleveland, Ohio, in the United States, was arrested for burning the goat. The Natural Science Club's goat was also burnt down.
On Saint Lucy's Day, the goat was guarded by Swedish radio and TV personality Gert Fylking.	Survived with damage}}	A 22 year-old from Stockholm tried to set the Southern Merchants' goat on fire, but failed, the goat receiving only minor damage.
			A second goat was put up a week after the first one burned down. The second goat survived without any known incidents.
			date=27 December 2008	title=Christmas straw goat burnt in Sweden	url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna28399341	access-date=1 December 2009	publisher=NBC News}} Reconstructed on 5December. The hunt for the arsonist responsible for the goat-burning in 2005 was featured on the weekly Swedish live broadcast TV3's "Most Wanted" ("Efterlyst") on 8 December.
	Survived}}	The Southern Merchants' goat survived New Year's Eve and was taken down on 2 January. It is now stored in a secret location. Meanwhile, Natural Science Club's goat was burned.
	Survived}}	The Natural Science Club's goat was toppled on 13December and was burned on the night of 24 December. The Southern Merchants' goat survived.
			10,000 people turned out for the inauguration of one of the goats. No back-up goat was built to replace the main goat should the worst happen, nor was the goat treated with flame repellent. (Anna Östman, spokesperson of the Goat-committee said the repellent made it look ugly in the previous years, like a brown terrier.) On 16December the Natural Science Club's Goat was vandalised and later removed. On 26December there was an attempt to burn down the Southern Merchants' Goat but passers-by extinguished the fire. The following day the goat succumbed to the flames ignited by an unknown assailant at 03:50 CET.
			A person attempted to set the Southern Merchants' goat on fire the night of 7December. An unsuccessful attempt was made to throw the Natural Science Club's goat into the river the weekend of 11December. The culprit then tried, again without success, to set the goat on fire. Someone stole the Natural Science Club's goat using a truck on the night of 14December. On the night of 23December before 04:00a.m. the South Merchant goat was set on fire and was burned to the frame, even though it had a thick layer of snow on its back. The goat had two online webcams which were put out of service by a DoS attack, instigated by computer hackers just before the burning.

2010–2019

Year	Security additions	Date of destruction	Method of destruction	Notes	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018
	Survived}}	On the night of 2December, arsonists made an unsuccessful attempt to burn the Natural Science Club's goat. On 17December, a Swedish news site reported that one of the guards tasked with protecting the Southern Merchants' goat had been offered SEK50,000 to leave his post so that the goat could be stolen via helicopter and transported to Stockholm. Both goats survived, were dismantled and returned to storage in early January 2011.
The goat was sprayed with water to create a coating of ice.			Mild weather resulted in the protective ice melting. The Natural Science Club Goat was also burned.
The goat was again sprayed with water, which froze in the -12 C air.			number=278994337424089088	user=Gavlebocken	title=tack jag har de bara bra här! Hur är det själv?	access-date=21 December 2024	language=sv	trans-title=thanks i'm feeling good! How about you?	url=Gävlebocken skyddas av is}} By 23:56, the goat was on fire. It burned to the ground before emergency services arrived.
The goat was soaked in flame-retardant.			The perpetrators filmed themselves setting the goat on fire.
	Survived}}	At least three arson attempts were made, but the goat survived. In January 2015, the goat was transported to Zhuhai, China until being moved back to Sweden in September. The Natural Science Club goat collapsed.
			A 26 year-old man fleeing the scene with a singed face, smelling of gasoline, and holding a lighter in his hand was arrested. Under questioning, he admitted to committing the offence, adding that he was drunk at the time and that, in retrospect, it was an "extremely bad idea". He was sentenced in January 2018 to probation by an appellate court with a SEK6,000 fine and SEK80,000 in damages. The Natural Science Club goat was also burned.
			date=27 November 2016	title=Gävle Christmas goat burns down on opening day	url=http://www.dt.se/blaljus/brander/gavlebocken-brinner-pa-forsta-dagen	url-status=live	archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161128130847/http://www.dt.se/blaljus/brander/gavlebocken-brinner-pa-forsta-dagen	archive-date=28 November 2016	access-date=28 November 2016	work=Dalaras tidningar}} just hours after its 50th "birthday party". Organizers said they would not rebuild the goat in 2016. The 21 year-old was sentenced to probation by Gävle Tingsrätt and was sentenced to a fine and to pay roughly SEK100,000 in damages. The evidence mainly revolved around a hat that the perpetrator dropped during his escape. The police later DNA-matched it with the 21-year-old local. It was replaced by the smaller Natural Science Club goat built by local high school students. This goat was later hit by a car.
Double fence, cameras, guards	Survived}}	The goat was inaugurated on 3December. No reported attempts to burn the goat were made.
date=1 December 2018	title=Sweden's Gävle Christmas goat ready to return for festive season	url=https://www.thelocal.se/20181201/swedens-gvle-christmas-goat-ready-to-return-for-festive-season	url-status=live	archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181203091533/https://www.thelocal.se/20181201/swedens-gvle-christmas-goat-ready-to-return-for-festive-season	archive-date=3 December 2018	access-date=3 December 2018	publisher=The Local Sweden}}	Survived with damage}}	date=16 December 2018	title=Smaller Gävle goat set on fire but big sibling unscathed	url=https://www.thelocal.se/20181216/smaller-gvle-goat-set-on-fire-but-big-brother-unscathed	access-date=16 December 2018	work=The Local Sweden}}
Double fence, 24-hour CCTV. Two guards patrolled around the goat frequently, 24 hours a day, along with a K9 unit.	Survived}}	The goat was again inaugurated on 1December. On 13December, fire crews responded to a call that the 'little goat' was burning, only to discover it was in fact a miniature Yule goat somebody had brought and torched at the scene. The Natural Science Club goat was burned but not destroyed in the early hours of 27December. A suspect was taken into custody. This was the first time ever that the goat survived more than two years in a row.

2020–current

Year	Security additions	Date of destruction	Method of destruction	Notes	2020	2021	2022
Guards, double fence, 24-hour CCTV, public webcam feed.	Survived}}	date=29 November 2020	title=Gävlebocken invigs – så skyddas den	url=https://www.aftonbladet.se/a/R95L6A	access-date=6 December 2020	website=Aftonbladet	language=sv}} Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the inauguration was digital, and members of the public were advised not to gather around the goat. There was no traditional celebration. The goat was not harmed during the 2020 holiday season, making 2020 the fourth consecutive year of the goat's survival.
			The Natural Science Club goat was burned in the early hours of 12December. The larger goat burned in the early hours of 17December. A 40 year-old man was arrested and later sentenced to six months in prison and ordered to pay SEK109,000 in damages to the municipality.
New 24-hour real-time public webcam feed, double fence, 24-hour guards	Survived}}	The goat was inaugurated on 27November. Due to a new city centre being built at Slottstorget square, the goat's traditional location, the goat was moved a few blocks north to Rådhusesplanaden. On 1 January, the stream was discontinued, and the goat was taken down the day after.
24-hour guards on site, double fence, 24-hour public webcam stream.			Due to the straw used to construct the goat containing higher than usual amounts of seed, while not destroyed, the goat was severely damaged by flocks of jackdaws foraging for food.
24-hour guards on site, double fence, 24-hour public webcam stream. Better quality straw was used to discourage jackdaws from destroying the goat through foraging.	Survived}}	Live stream started on 28November. The official inauguration of the goat was on 1 December. On 13 December, a deepfake hoax of the goat burning down spread on social media. The goat and live stream were taken down on 2 January.
24-hour guards on site, double fence, 24-hour public webcam stream.			Live stream started on 27November. The official inauguration of the goat was on 30 November. On 27 December, the goat fell over due to strong winds from Storm Johannes. The goat and live stream were taken down on 29 December.

IKEA goat in Iceland

Since 2010, as a Christmas promotion for the Icelandic branch of IKEA in Garðabær, Iceland, a straw goat inspired by the Gävle goat has been erected outside the store annually. It has also suffered repeated acts of arson, as well as natural damage, including falling over in the wind, and being burnt by lights catching fire. It has also been protected by an electric fence since 2013.

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