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Epstein–Barr virus nuclear antigen 1

Epstein–Barr nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) is a multifunctional, dimeric viral protein associated with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). EBNA1 has a glycine–alanine repeat sequence that separates the protein into amino- and carboxy-terminal domains. This sequence also seems to stabilize the protein, preventing proteasomal breakdown, as well as impairing antigen processing and MHC class I-restricted antigen presentation. This thereby inhibits the CD8-restricted cytotoxic T cell response against virus-infected cells. EBNA1 is expressed from the Qp promoter during all latency programs. It is the only viral protein expressed in latency program I.

Function

EBNA1 is integral to many EBV functions including gene regulation, extrachromosomal replication, and maintenance of the EBV episomal genome through positive and negative regulation of viral promoters. allows EBNA1 to mediate replication and partitioning of the episome during division of the host cell. further contributing to transcriptional regulation of EBNA1 itself as well as the other EBNAs (2 and 3) and of EBV latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1).

References

References

  1. Duellman, Sarah J.. (2009). "Phosphorylation sites of Epstein–Barr Virus EBNA1 regulate its function". J Gen Virol.
  2. Young, Lawrence S.. (2004). "Epstein–Barr Virus: 40 Years On". Nature Reviews Cancer.
  3. (1995). "Inhibition of antigen processing by the internal repeat region of the Epstein–Barr virus nuclear antigen-1". Nature.
  4. (2007). "The coupling of synthesis and partitioning of EBV's plasmid replicon is revealed in live cells". The EMBO Journal.
  5. Kennedy, Gregory. (2003). "EBNA1, a Bifunctional Transcription Activator". Molecular and Cellular Biology.
  6. (1996). "Expression of Epstein–Barr virus nuclear antigen-1 induces B cell neoplasia in transgenic mice". The EMBO Journal.
  7. Humme, Siblille. (2003). "The EBV nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) enhances B cell immortalization several thousandfold". PNAS.
  8. (Jan 2013). "Adoptive transfer of epstein-barr virus (EBV) nuclear antigen 1-specific t cells as treatment for EBV reactivation and lymphoproliferative disorders after allogeneic stem-cell transplantation". J Clin Oncol.
  9. Jones, K. (Sep 2010). "Expansion of EBNA1-specific effector T cells in posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorders". Blood.
  10. Wang, Lu. (1 February 2014). "Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) protein induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells". Cancer.
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