8×63mm patron m/32

History

Given the experiences of the devastating effect of small arms fire, including the long-range, even indirect fire of the machine guns, in the Russo-Japanese War and World War I, as well as a revolution in terminal ballistic calculations, calibre-related concerns occupied a lot of attention worldwide in military establishments. Sweden was no exception, and series of trials in calibres 6mm-12mm were conducted until the late 1920s. At this time, the standard service cartridge in Swedish use was the 6.5×55mm Swedish skarp patron m/94 projektil m/94 (live cartridge m/94 projectile m/94) service ammunition loaded with a 10.1 g long round-nosed m/94 (B-projectile) bullet. After study-travels by Lieutenant Colonel de Laval along with Captains Nygren and Holmgren, mainly to Germany and the Netherlands in October 1930, Royal Swedish Army Materiel Administration (Kungliga Armétygförvaltningen (KAF) appointed a commission that conducted a series of tests with calibres 6,5 mm to 7,2 – 7,5 – 7,9 mm, and bullet weights between 8.4 grams and 17.0 grams, with the intention to either recommend a new calibre for the kulspruta m14-29 or retain the 6.5×55mm but with a new boat tailed spitzer bullet, as the old blunt nosed projectile m/94 had inferior ballistics. The commission found that at ranges below 2400 m, no recommendation could be given without indepth analysis of intended tasks within the tactical doctrine. Past this, the 14.2 gram bullet in calibre 7.9mm had superior performance in precision and penetration while not causing excessive barrel wear as well as fulfilling the requirement of 20 kilogram-metres impact force up to a range of 3600 m. Based on this, KAF tasked AB Bofors to develop and manufacture the larger rifle cartridge to meet these needs.

Design

The patron m/32 round had the same overall length as the .30-06 Springfield cartridge, which allowed it to fit in the standard Browning receiver, but used a larger diameter case and share the 6.5×55mm 12.2 mm diameter bolt face. Compared to the 1928 pattern .30-06 Springfield M1 Ball the 8×63mm patron m/32 was loaded with 8.20 mm S bore 14.2 g bullets and had more muzzle energy. The 8×63mm patron m/32 had a muzzle velocity of 760 m/s and an operating pressure of 330 MPa.

The patron m/32's aerodynamically refined boat tailed spitzer bullet had a useful range of approximately 3600 m on which the impact energy was 20 kilogram-meters (196 J / 145 ft⋅lbf), and a maximum range of approximately 5500 m when fired from a kulspruta m/36. Reverse engineering the trajectory from the previous sentence indicates a ballistic coefficient (G1 BC) of approximately 0.63. Available with armour piercing bullets, patron m/32 was used in the UN-forces' KP-bil during the Congo-crisis against the separatists' armoured cars.

The 8×63mm patron m/32 cartridge was used in the following machine guns:

• Kulspruta m/14-29
• Flygplanskulspruta m/22
• Kulspruta m/36
• Kulspruta m/39
• Kulspruta m/42

The 8×63mm patron m/32 was also used in the gevär / pansarvärnsgevär m/40 bolt-action rifle, Karabiner 98k's re-chambered in Sweden for the patron m/32. Originally purchased as the pvg m/39 in 8×57 IS as a stop-gap anti-tank rifle (despite being unsuited for the role), the re-chambered 8×63 rifles were designated m/40, and later issued to machine gun crews so their rifles would fire the same round as their machine guns. Besides the rechambering a muzzle brake was added necessitated by the additional recoil produced by the more powerful 8×63mm patron m/32 cartridge.

Military ammunition

The operating pressures of the various ammunition types varied between 330 -.

References

References

1. [http://weaponland.ru/board/patron_8x63_swedish_8x63_bofors/44-1-0-409 8x63 Swedish / 8x63 Bofors (in Russian)]
2. The useful maximum range is defined by the maximum range of a small-arms projectile while still maintaining the minimum kinetic energy required to put unprotected personnel out of action, which is generally believed to be 15 kilogram-meters (147 J / 108 ft⋅lbf).
3. "The Practical Range of Small Arms".
4. [http://www.forgottenweapons.com/swedish-kulspruta-m36/ Swedish Kulspruta m/36 at forgottenweapons.com]
5. [http://gotavapen.se/gota/artiklar/rifles_se/gev40/gev40_1.jpg Arméplanch för utbildning fotograferad av Göta Vapenhistoriska Sällskap (in Swedish)]
6. [http://www.evhf.se/EVHF/Texter_files/Fra%CC%8Agor%20samt%20fo%CC%88rso%CC%88k%20till%20svar.pdf Sammanfattning av rapport Till Kungl. Arméförvaltningens artilleridepartement (in Swedish)]