From Surf Wiki (app.surf) — the open knowledge base

1864–65 United States Senate elections

none

Field	Value
election_name	1864–65 United States Senate elections
country	United States
flag_year	1863
type	legislative
ongoing	no
previous_election	1862–63 United States Senate elections
previous_year	1862 & 1863
next_election	1866–67 United States Senate elections
next_year	1866 & 1867
seat_class	Class 2
previous_seat_election	1858–59 United States Senate elections
previous_seat_year	1858 & 1859
next_seat_election	1870–71 United States Senate elections
next_seat_year	1870 & 1871
seats_for_election	24 of the 72 seats in the United States Senate (with special elections)
majority_seats	25
election_date	Various dates
image_size	x180px
1blank	Seats up
2blank	Races won
party1	Republican Party (US)
leader1	Henry B. Anthony
image1	Henry B. Anthony - Brady-Handy.jpg
leader_since1	March 4, 1863
leaders_seat1	Rhode Island
last_election1	32 seats
seats_before1	31
seats_after1	33
seat_change1	2
1data1	9
2data1	11
party2	Democratic Party (US)
image2	Blank2x3.svg
last_election2	10 seats
seats_before2	10
seats_after2	9
seat_change2	1
1data2	4
2data2	3
party4	Unconditional Unionist Party (US)
last_election4	1 seat
seats_before4	5
seats_after4	4
seat_change4	1
1data4	1
2data4	0
party5	Unionist Party (US)
last_election5	5 seats
seats_before5	3
seats_after5	2
seat_change5	1
1data5	1
2data5	0
title	Majority Party
before_party	Republican Party (US)
after_party	Republican Party (US)
map_image	File:1864senatemap.svg
map_caption	Results of the elections:

map_size	390px

The 1864–65 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. They occurred during the American Civil War and Abraham Lincoln's re-election. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1864 and 1865, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock. In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 2.

The Republican Party gained two seats. Most of the Southern states were absent because of the Civil War.

Results summary

Senate party division, 39th Congress (1865–1867)

Majority party: Republican (37)
Minority party: Democratic (9)
Other parties: Unconditional Unionist (1); Unionist (1)
Vacant: (24)
Total seats: 72

Change in Senate composition

Before the elections

	V5
Seceded		V4
Seceded		V3
Seceded	V6
Seceded	V7
Seceded	V8
Seceded	V9
Seceded	V10
Seceded	V11
Seceded		UU5
Ran		U3
Retired		D10
Ran		D9
Retired		D8
Unknown		D7
Retired		R31
Ran		R30
Ran		R29
Retired		R28
Ran		R27
Ran		R26
Retired	R25
Unknown		R23
Ran		R24
Ran
	V2		V1
D1	D2	D3	D4
	U1		U2	D6	D5
	UU4		UU3	UU2	UU1
Majority →
	R16		R17	R18	R19	R20	R21	R22
	R15		R14	R13	R12	R11	R10	R9	R8	R7	R6
	V16		V15	V14	V13	V12	R1	R2	R3	R4	R5
	V17		V18	V19	V20	V21

As a result of the elections

	V5
Seceded		V4
Seceded		V3
Seceded	V6
Seceded	V7
Seceded	V8
Seceded	V9
Seceded	V10
Seceded	V11
Seceded		D9
Gain		D8
Hold		D7
Re-elected		R33
Gain		R32
Gain		R31
Re-elected
new party		R30
Hold		R29
Hold		R28
Hold		R27
Re-elected		R26
Re-elected	R25
Re-elected		R23
Re-elected		R24
Re-elected		V12
U Loss
	V2		V1
D1	D2	D3	D4
	UU2		UU3	UU4	U1	U2	D6	D5
	UU1
Majority →
	R15		R16	R17	R18	R19	R20	R21	R22
	R14		R13	R12	R11	R10	R9	R8	R7	R6	R5
	V17		V16	V15	V14	V13	R1	R2	R3	R4
	V18		V19	V20	V21	V22

Beginning of the next Congress

	R36
Changed		R37
Changed		V13
UU Loss		V12
D Loss		D9
Gain		R35
New state		R34
New state
	UU1		U1	D8	D7	D6
	R33		R32	R31	R30	R29	R28	R27
Majority →	R25
	R16		R17	R18	R19	R20	R21	R22
	R15		R14	R13	R12	R11	R10	R9
	V18		V17	V16	V15	V14	R1	R2
	V19		V20	V21	V22	V23	V24

V#	Vacant

Race summaries

Elections during the 38th Congress

In these elections — some special and some initial — the winners were seated during 1864 or in 1865 before March 4; ordered by election date.

State	Incumbent	Results	Candidates	Senator	Party
(Class 3)	Delaware
(Class 1)	Nevada
(Class 1)	Nevada
(Class 3)	Virginia
(Class 1)
Thomas Holliday Hicks		Unconditional
Unionist	nowrap	1862 (appointed)	Interim appointee elected January 11, 1864 to finish the term.	nowrap	{{Plainlist
James A. Bayard Jr.		Democratic	nowrap	1851
1857
1863		Incumbent resigned January 29, 1864.
Winner elected January 29, 1864.
Democratic hold.	nowrap	{{Plainlist
None (new state)		Nevada's first Senators were elected February 1, 1865.
Republican gain.	nowrap	{{Plainlist
	Nevada's first Senators were elected February 1, 1865.
Republican gain.	nowrap	{{Plainlist
Lemuel J. Bowden		Unionist	1863		Incumbent died January 2, 1864.
Winner elected sometime in 1865.
The Senate refused to seat him to avoid setting a precedent for allowing premature re-entry of Confederate states.
Unionist loss.
Seat remained vacant until 1870.	nowrap	{{Plainlist

Elections leading to the 39th Congress

In these regular elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1865; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats.

State	Incumbent	Results	Candidates	Senator	Party	Electoral
history	Alabama	Arkansas	Delaware	Georgia	Illinois	Iowa	Kansas	Kentucky	Louisiana	Maine	Massachusetts	Michigan	Minnesota	Mississippi	New Hampshire	New Jersey	North Carolina	Oregon	Rhode Island	South Carolina	Tennessee	Texas	Virginia	West Virginia
Vacant since January 21, 1861 when Clement Claiborne Clay (D) withdrew.	Legislature failed to elect during Civil War and Reconstruction.
Seat remained vacant until 1868.	None.
Vacant since July 11, 1861 when William K. Sebastian (D) was expelled.	Legislature failed to elect during Civil War and Reconstruction.
Seat remained vacant until 1868.	None.
Willard Saulsbury Sr.		Democratic	1858	Incumbent re-elected in 1864.	nowrap	{{Plainlist
Vacant since February 4, 1861 when Robert Toombs (D) withdrew.	Legislature failed to elect during Civil War and Reconstruction.
Seat remained vacant until 1871.	None.
William A. Richardson		Democratic	1863 (special)		Incumbent retired.
New senator elected in 1864 or 1865.
Republican gain.	nowrap	{{Plainlist
James W. Grimes		Republican	1858	Incumbent re-elected January 11, 1864.	nowrap	{{Plainlist
James H. Lane		Republican	1861	Incumbent re-elected in 1865.	nowrap	{{Plainlist
Lazarus W. Powell		Democratic	1858		Incumbent retired or lost re-election.
New senator elected January 11, 1865.
Democratic hold.	nowrap	{{Plainlist
Vacant since February 4, 1861 when Judah P. Benjamin (D) withdrew.	Legislature failed to elect during Civil War and Reconstruction.
Seat remained vacant until 1868.	None.
Nathan A. Farwell		Republican	1864 (appointed)		Interim appointee retired.
New senator elected in 1864 or 1865.
Republican hold.	nowrap	{{Plainlist
Henry Wilson		Republican	1855 (special)
1859	Incumbent re-elected in 1865.	nowrap	{{Plainlist
Jacob M. Howard		Republican	1862 (special)	Incumbent re-elected in 1865.	nowrap	{{Plainlist
Morton S. Wilkinson		Republican	1858 or 1859		Incumbent retired.
New senator elected in 1865.
Republican hold.	nowrap	{{Plainlist
Vacant since January 12, 1861 when Albert G. Brown (D) withdrew.	Legislature failed to elect during Civil War and Reconstruction.
Seat remained vacant until 1870.	None.
John P. Hale		Republican	1846
1853 (retired)
1855 (special)		Incumbent retired or lost re-election.
New senator elected in 1864.
Republican hold.	nowrap	{{Plainlist
John C. Ten Eyck		Republican	1858		Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected in 1864.
Democratic gain.
Election was later disputed and seat declared vacant.	nowrap	{{Plainlist
Vacant since March 6, 1861 when Thomas Bragg (D) resigned.	Legislature failed to elect during Civil War and Reconstruction.
Seat remained vacant until 1868.	None.
Benjamin F. Harding		Democratic	1862 (special)		Incumbent retired.
New senator elected in 1864.
Republican gain.	nowrap	{{Plainlist
Henry B. Anthony		Republican	1858	Incumbent re-elected in 1864.	nowrap	{{Plainlist
Vacant since November 10, 1860 when James Chesnut Jr. (D) withdrew.	Legislature failed to elect during Civil War and Reconstruction.
Seat remained vacant until 1868.	None.
Vacant since March 3, 1861 when Alfred O. P. Nicholson (D) withdrew.	Legislature failed to elect during Civil War and Reconstruction.
Seat remained vacant until 1866.	None.
Vacant since July 11, 1861 when John Hemphill (D) was expelled.	Legislature failed to elect during Civil War and Reconstruction.
Seat remained vacant until 1870.	None.
John S. Carlile		Unionist	1861		Incumbent retired.
Winner elected in 1865.
The Senate refused to seat him to avoid setting a precedent for allowing premature re-entry of Confederate states.
Unionist loss.
Seat remained vacant until 1870.	nowrap	{{Plainlist
Waitman T. Willey		Unconditional
Unionist	1863		Incumbent re-elected in 1865 as a Republican.
Republican gain.	nowrap	{{Plainlist

Elections during the 39th Congress

In this election, the winner was elected in 1865 after March 4.{{Infobox election

State	Incumbent	Results
(Class 3)
Thomas Holliday Hicks		Unconditional
Unionist	norwap	1862 (appointed)
1864 (special)		Incumbent died February 14, 1865.
New senator elected March 9, 1865.
Unconditional Unionist hold.	{{Plainlist

Maryland

Maryland (1864 special)

James Pearce died, and Thomas Holliday Hicks was appointed to his seat. He then won election to finish the rest of the term by an unknown margin of votes, for the Class 3 seat.{{Infobox election

Maryland (1865 special)

Thomas Holliday Hicks died, and John Creswell was appointed to his seat. He then won election to finish the rest of the term by an unknown margin of votes, for the Class 3 seat.

West Virginia

Incumbent Waitman T. Willey was re-elected by the legislature to his first full term as United States Senator, with Willey being elected as a Republican. Willey would serve his term until 1871.

69 votes cast; 35 votes needed 76.8%**

Willey was the only candidate to be formally nominated, though attempted nominations were made of Archibald Campbell and House Speaker Lee Roy Kramer. Campbell's nomination was promptly withdrawn, and Kramer declined his.

Party	1st Ballot	Votes	%	Total	100
Republican Party (US)}}"	Republican	Waitman Willey		53	76.8
Republican Party (US)}}"	Republican	Lee Roy Kramer	7	10.1
Republican Party (US)}}"	Republican	Daniel Polsley	6	8.7
Republican Party (US)}}"	Republican	Archibald Campbell	2	2.9
Republican Party (US)}}"	Republican	David Hunter Strother	1	1.4

Notes

References

Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov

References

(February 8, 2022). "17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913)".
Byrd & Wolff, page 120
Clark, Dan Elbert. (1913). "History of Senatorial Elections in Iowa".
University of Minnesota Libraries, University of Minnesota. "1865 Minnesota U.S. Senate Election".
"Musical Chairs (1861–1869)". United States Senate.
"Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - Dec 00, 1862".
"Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - Feb 00, 1865".
(1865). "Journal of the House of Delegates of West Virginia for the Session Commencing January 17, 1865". [[West Virginia Legislature]].

Info: Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

1864-united-states-senate-elections 1865-united-states-senate-elections

Want to explore this topic further?

Ask Mako anything about 1864–65 United States Senate elections — get instant answers, deeper analysis, and related topics.

Research with Mako

Free with your Surf account

Content sourced from Wikipedia, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This content may have been generated or modified by AI. CloudSurf Software LLC is not responsible for the accuracy, completeness, or reliability of AI-generated content. Always verify important information from primary sources.

Report