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1834–35 United States Senate elections
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| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| election_name | 1834–35 United States Senate elections |
| country | United States |
| flag_year | 1822 |
| type | legislative |
| ongoing | no |
| previous_election | 1832–33 United States Senate elections |
| previous_year | 1832 & 1833 |
| next_election | 1836–37 United States Senate elections |
| next_year | 1836 & 1837 |
| seat_class | Class 2 |
| previous_seat_election | 1828–29 United States Senate elections |
| previous_seat_year | 1828 & 1829 |
| next_seat_election | 1840–41 United States Senate elections |
| next_seat_year | 1840 & 1841 |
| seats_for_election | 16 of the 48 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections) |
| majority_seats | 25 |
| election_date | Dates vary by state |
| image_size | 100px |
| 1blank | Seats up |
| party1 | National Republican Party |
| last_election1 | 23 seats |
| seats_before1 | 26 |
| seats1 | 6 |
| seats_after1 | 24 |
| seat_change1 | 2 |
| 1data1 | 8 |
| party2 | Jacksonian Party |
| last_election2 | 21 seats |
| seats_before2 | 20 |
| seats2 | 8 |
| seats_after2 | 22 |
| seat_change2 | 2 |
| 1data2 | 7 |
| party3 | Nullifier Party |
| last_election3 | 2 seats |
| seats_before3 | 2 |
| seats3 | 1 |
| seats_after3 | 2 |
| seat_change3 | |
| 1data3 | 1 |
| title | Majority Party |
| before_party | Anti-Jacksonian Party (US) |
| after_party | Anti-Jacksonian Party (US) |
| map_image | File:1834senatemap.svg |
| map_caption | Results: |
The 1834–35 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1834 and 1835, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock. In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 2.
The Anti-Jackson coalition maintained control of the Senate. However, during the 24th Congress, the Jacksonian coalition gained control of the Senate.
Results summary
Senate party division, 24th Congress (1835–1837)
- Majority party: Jacksonian (21–31)
- Minority party: Anti-Jackson (24–19)
- Other parties: Nullifier (2)
- Total seats: 48–52
Change in composition
Before the elections
| NR | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Del. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ran | NR | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Miss. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ran | NR | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| R.I. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ran | NR | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Va. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ran | NR | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| La. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unknown | NR | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| N.J. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unknown | NR | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mass. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Retired | J | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ga. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ran | J | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ill. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ran | J | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| N.C. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ran | J | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tenn. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ran | J | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ky. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unknown | N | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| S.C. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ran | NR | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Maine | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Resigned | NR | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| N.H. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Retired | J | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ala. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ran | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| NR | NR | NR | NR | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Majority → | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| N | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| J | J | J | J | J | J | J | J | J | ||||||||||||||||
| J | J | J | J |
Result of the regular elections
| NR | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Del. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Re-elected | NR | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| R.I. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Re-elected | NR | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Va. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Re-elected | NR | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mass. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hold | NR | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ky. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gain | NR | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tenn. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Re-elected to different party | J | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ga. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Re-elected | J | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ill. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Re-elected | J | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| N.C. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Re-elected | J | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Maine | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gain | J | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Miss. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gain | J | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| N.H. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gain | J | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| N.J. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gain | N | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| S.C. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Re-elected | V | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| La. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| NR Loss | J | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ala. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Re-elected | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| NR | NR | NR | NR | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Plurality → | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| N | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| J | J | J | J | J | J | J | J | J | ||||||||||||||||
| J | J | J | J |
| V | = Vacant |
|---|
|}
Race summaries
Special elections during the 23rd Congress
In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1834 or before March 4, 1835; ordered by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | Senator | Party | Electoral history | Virginia | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Class 2) | Pennsylvania | |||||||||
| (Class 3) | Georgia | |||||||||
| (Class 3) | Maryland | |||||||||
| (Class 3) | Maine | |||||||||
| (Class 2) | ||||||||||
| William Rives | Jacksonian | 1832 (special) | Incumbent resigned February 22, 1834. | |||||||
| Successor elected February 26, 1834. | ||||||||||
| Winner was also elected to the next term; see below. | ||||||||||
| National Republican gain. | nowrap | {{Plainlist | ||||||||
| William Wilkins | Jacksonian | 1832 | Incumbent resigned June 30, 1834, to become U.S. Minister to Russia. | |||||||
| New senator elected December 6, 1834. | ||||||||||
| Jacksonian hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist | ||||||||
| John Forsyth | Jacksonian | 1818 (special) | ||||||||
| 1819 (resigned) | ||||||||||
| 1829 (special) | ||||||||||
| 1830 or 1831 | Incumbent resigned June 27, 1834, to become U.S. Minister to Spain. | |||||||||
| New senator elected January 12, 1835. | ||||||||||
| Jacksonian hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist | ||||||||
| Ezekiel F. Chambers | National | |||||||||
| Republican | 1826 (special) | |||||||||
| 1831 | Incumbent resigned December 20, 1834, to become judge of the Maryland Court of Appeals. | |||||||||
| New senator elected January 13, 1835. | ||||||||||
| National Republican hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist | ||||||||
| Peleg Sprague | National | |||||||||
| Republican | 1829 | Incumbent resigned January 1, 1835. | ||||||||
| New senator elected January 20, 1835. | ||||||||||
| Successor was also elected to the next term; see below. | ||||||||||
| Jacksonian gain. | nowrap | {{Plainlist |
Races leading to the 24th Congress
In these regular elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1835; ordered by state.
All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | Senator | Party | Electoral | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| history | Alabama | Delaware | Georgia | Illinois | Kentucky | Louisiana | Maine | Massachusetts | Mississippi | New Hampshire | New Jersey | North Carolina | Rhode Island | South Carolina | Tennessee | Virginia | |||||||||
| William R. King | Jacksonian | 1819 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1822 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1828 | Incumbent re-elected in 1834. | nowrap | {{Plainlist | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| John M. Clayton | National | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Republican | 1827 (special) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1829 | Incumbent re-elected in 1835. | nowrap | {{Plainlist | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| John Pendleton King | Jacksonian | 1833 (special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1834. | nowrap | {{Plainlist | ||||||||||||||||||||
| John M. Robinson | Jacksonian | 1830 (special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1835. | nowrap | {{Plainlist | ||||||||||||||||||||
| George M. Bibb | Jacksonian | 1829 | Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| New senator elected in 1835. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| National Republican gain. | nowrap | {{Plainlist | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| George A. Waggaman | National | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Republican | 1831 (special) | Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election. | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| New senator elected in 1835, but resigned due to ill health before being seated. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| National Republican loss. | nowrap | {{Plainlist | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Peleg Sprague | National | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Republican | 1829 | Incumbent resigned December 20, 1834, to become judge of the Maryland Court of Appeals. | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| New senator elected January 19, 1835. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Jacksonian gain. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Successor was also elected to finish the term; see above. | nowrap | {{Plainlist | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nathaniel Silsbee | National | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Republican | 1826 (special) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1828 | Incumbent retired. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| New senator elected in 1835. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| National Republican hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| George Poindexter | National | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Republican | 1830 (appointed) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1830 (special) | Incumbent lost re-election. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| New senator elected in 1835. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Jacksonian gain. | nowrap | {{Plainlist | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Samuel Bell | National | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Republican | 1823 | Incumbent retired. | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| New senator elected in 1835. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Jacksonian gain. | nowrap | {{Plainlist | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Theodore Frelinghuysen | National | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Republican | 1829 | Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election. | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| New senator elected in 1835. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Jacksonian gain. | nowrap | {{Plainlist | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bedford Brown | Jacksonian | 1829 (special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1835. | nowrap | {{Plainlist | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Nehemiah R. Knight | National | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Republican | 1821 (special) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1823 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1829 | Incumbent re-elected May 13, 1835. | nowrap | {{Plainlist | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| John C. Calhoun | Nullifier | 1832 (special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1834. | nowrap | {{Plainlist | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Hugh Lawson White | Jacksonian | 1825 (special) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1829 | Incumbent re-elected in 1835 as National Republican. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| National Republican gain. | nowrap | {{Plainlist | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Benjamin W. Leigh | National | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Republican | 1834 (special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1835. | nowrap | {{Plainlist |
Special election during the 24th Congress
In this special election, the winner was seated in 1835 after March 4; ordered by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | Senator | Party | Electoral history | Connecticut |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Class 1) | |||||||
| Nathan Smith | National Republican | 1832 | Incumbent died December 6, 1835. | ||||
| New senator elected December 21, 1835. | |||||||
| Jacksonian gain. | nowrap | {{Plainlist |
Early elections during the 24th Congress
In these elections, the winners were not seated until 1837.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | Senator | Party | Electoral history | Michigan | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Class 1) | Michigan | |||||||||
| (Class 2) | ||||||||||
| None (new state) | New state. | |||||||||
| New senator was elected in November 1835 but not seated until January 6, 1837, due to a territorial dispute with Ohio. | ||||||||||
| Jacksonian gain. | nowrap | {{Plainlist | ||||||||
| New state. | ||||||||||
| New senator was elected in November 1835 but not seated until January 6, 1837, due to a territorial dispute with Ohio. | ||||||||||
| Jacksonian gain. | nowrap | {{Plainlist |
Alabama
Connecticut (special)
Delaware
Georgia
Georgia had two elections this cycle: a regular election for the class 2 seat and a special election for the class 3 seat.
Georgia (regular)
In the class 2 seat, incumbent Jacksonian John Pendleton King, who had served since winning an 1833 special election, was re-elected sometime in 1834.
Georgia (special)
In the class 3 seat, incumbent Jacksonian John Forsyth, who had served since winning an 1829 special election, resigned June 27, 1834, to become U.S. Minister to Spain.
Jacksonian Alfred Cuthbert was elected January 12, 1835.
Illinois
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maine had two elections this cycle, both for the class 2 seat.
Incumbent Anti-Jacksonian Peleg Sprague, who was elected in 1829, resigned January 1, 1835.
Jacksonian John Ruggles won both elections.
Maine (regular)
Jacksonian John Ruggles was elected January 19, 1835, to the next term. He was then elected to finish the current term, see below.
Maine (special)
Jacksonian John Ruggles was elected January 20, 1835, to finish the term that would end March 3, 1835.
Maryland (special)
Ezekiel F. Chambers won election over non-voters by a margin of 63.10%, or 53 votes, for the Class 3 seat.
Massachusetts
Michigan
Main article: 1835 United States Senate elections in Michigan
The new state of Michigan elected its new senators in 1835, both Jacksonians: Lucius Lyon (Class 1) and John Norvell (Class 2). They were not seated until January 26, 1837, due to a territorial dispute with Ohio.
Mississippi
New Hampshire
New Jersey
North Carolina
Pennsylvania (special)
Main article: 1834 United States Senate special election in Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Tennessee
Virginia
Virginia had two elections this cycle, both for the class 2 seat.
Incumbent Jacksonian William Rives, who had just won the 1832 special election, resigned February 22, 1834.
Anti-Jacksonian Benjamin W. Leigh won both elections.
Virginia (regular)
Anti-Jacksonian Benjamin W. Leigh was re-elected sometime in 1835 to the next term.
Virginia (special)
Anti-Jacksonian Benjamin W. Leigh was elected February 26, 1834, to finish the term that would end March 3, 1835. He was then elected to the next term, see above.
Notes
References
Sources
- Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov
References
- (February 8, 2022). "17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913)".
- "U.S. Senate Election - 6 December 1834". Wilkes University.
- "Our Campaigns - ME US Senate Race - Jan 19, 1835".
- J. Fred Parker, Secretary of State. (1914). "Manual, with Rules and Orders, for the use of the General Assembly of the State of Rhode Island, 1914". E. L. Freeman Company, State Printers.
- "Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - Jan 07, 1835".
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